scholarly journals Characterization of the Digestive-Tract Microbiota of Hirudo orientalis, a European Medicinal Leech

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (19) ◽  
pp. 6151-6154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison S. Laufer ◽  
Mark E. Siddall ◽  
Joerg Graf
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Medicinal Leech ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Hirudo Verbana ◽  
Culture Dependent

ABSTRACT FDA-approved, postoperative use of leeches can lead to bacterial infections. In this study, we used culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches to characterize the digestive-tract microbiota of Hirudo orientalis. Surprisingly, two Aeromonas species, A. veronii and A. jandaei, were cultured. Uncultured Rikenella-like bacteria were most similar to isolates from Hirudo verbana.

scholarly journals Culture-dependent and culture-independent characterization of microorganisms associated with Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) (L.) and dynamics of bacterial colonization in the midgut

Acta Tropica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiely S. Gusmão ◽  
Adão V. Santos ◽  
Danyelle C. Marini ◽  
Mauricio Bacci ◽  
Marília A. Berbert-Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Culture Dependent

scholarly journals Culture-Independent Characterization of the Digestive-Tract Microbiota of the Medicinal Leech Reveals a Tripartite Symbiosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 4775-4781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Worthen ◽  
Cindy J. Gode ◽  
Joerg Graf
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Medicinal Leech ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Clone Libraries ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Aeromonas Veronii ◽  
Culture Independent

ABSTRACT Culture-based studies of the microbial community within the gut of the medicinal leech have typically been focused on various Aeromonas species, which were believed to be the sole symbiont of the leech digestive tract. In this study, analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries confirmed the presence of Aeromonas veronii and revealed a second symbiont, clone PW3, a novel member of the Rikenellaceae, within the crop, a large compartment where ingested blood is stored prior to digestion. The diversity of the bacterial community in the leech intestinum was determined, and additional symbionts were detected, including members of the α-, γ-, and δ-Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. The relative abundances of the clones suggested that A. veronii and the novel clone, PW3, also dominate the intestinum community, while other clones, representing transient organisms, were typically present in low numbers. The identities of these transients varied greatly between individual leeches. Neither time after feeding nor feeding on defibrinated blood caused a change in identity of the dominant members of the microbial communities. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to verify that the results from the clone libraries were representative of a larger data set. The presence of a two-member bacterial community in the crop provides a unique opportunity to investigate both symbiont-symbiont and symbiont-host interactions in a natural model of digestive-tract associations.

scholarly journals Comparison of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for characterization of vaginal microflora

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirali Pandya ◽  
Kavitha Ravi ◽  
Vijaya Srinivas ◽  
Smitha Jadhav ◽  
Anisa Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Vaginal Microflora ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Culture Dependent

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Population Dynamics of a Naturally Occurring Two-Species Microbial Community inside the Digestive Tract of the Medicinal Leech

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1984-1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitomo Kikuchi ◽  
Joerg Graf
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Medicinal Leech ◽  
Aeromonas Veronii ◽  
Lectin Staining ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Hirudo Verbana

ABSTRACT The medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana, is one of the simplest naturally occurring models for digestive-tract symbioses, where only two bacterial species, Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria (γ-Proteobacteria) and a Rikenella-like bacterium (Bacteroidetes), colonize the crop, the largest compartment of the leech digestive tract. In this study, we investigated spatial and temporal changes of the localization and microcolony structure of the native symbionts in the crop, after ingestion of a sterile blood meal, by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The population dynamics differed between the two symbiotic bacteria. A. veronii was detected mainly as individual cells inside the intraluminal fluid (ILF) during 14 days after feeding (daf) unless it was found in association with Rikenella microcolonies. The Rikenella-like bacteria were observed not only inside the ILF but also in association with the luminal surface of the crop epithelium. The sizes of Rikenella microcolonies changed dynamically through the 14-day period. From 3 daf onward, mixed microcolonies containing both species were frequently observed, with cells of both species tightly associating with each other. The sizes of the mixed microcolonies were consistently larger than the size of either single-species microcolony, suggesting a synergistic interaction of the symbionts. Lectin staining with succinylated wheat germ agglutinin revealed that the planktonic microcolonies present in the ILF were embedded in a polysaccharide matrix containing N-acetylglucosamine. The simplicity, symbiont-symbiont interaction, and mixed microcolonies of this naturally occurring, digestive-tract symbiosis lay the foundation for understanding the more complex communities residing in most animals.

scholarly journals Diversity of Bacillus-like bacterial community in the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil of halophytes (Salsola stocksii and Atriplex amnicola), and characterization of osmoregulatory genes in halophilic Bacilli

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 567-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma Mukhtar ◽  
Samina Mehnaz ◽  
Muhammad Sajjad Mirza ◽  
Babur Saeed Mirza ◽  
Kauser Abdulla Malik
Keyword(s):  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Proline Dehydrogenase ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Dehydrogenase Enzyme ◽  
Land Mass ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Culture Dependent

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses; a total of 3% of the world’s land mass is affected by salinity. Approximately 6.3 million hectares of land in Pakistan is affected by salinity to varying degrees, and most of the areas are arid to semiarid with low annual precipitation. The aim of the present study is to identify and characterize Bacillus and Bacillus-derived bacterial genera from the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil samples from the Khewra Salt Mine, Pakistan, by using culture-independent and -dependent methods. Seven Bacillus-like bacterial genera, Bacillus, Halobacillus, Virgibacillus, Brevibacillus, Paenibacillus, Tumebacillus, and Lysinibacillus, were detected by using pyrosequencing analysis, whereas only four genera, Bacillus, Halobacillus, Oceanobacillus, and Virgibacillus, were identified by culture-dependent methods. Most of the Bacillus-like isolates identified in this study were moderately halophilic, alkaliphilic, and mesophilic bacteria and were considered a good source of hydrolytic enzymes because of their ability to degrade proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Eight Bacillus-like strains from the genera Bacillus, Halobacillus, Oceanobacillus, and Virgibacillus showed positive results for the presence of ectABC gene cluster (ectoine), six strains could synthesize betaine from choline, and six strains tested positive for the synthesis of proline from either glutamate or ornithine by using proline dehydrogenase enzyme.

scholarly journals Combining Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods: New Methodology Insight on the Vibrio Community of Ruditapes philippinarum

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271
Author(s):  
Angela Zampieri ◽  
Massimiliano Babbucci ◽  
Lisa Carraro ◽  
Massimo Milan ◽  
Luca Fasolato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Vibrio Species ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Marine Agar ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Seafood Products ◽  
Culture Dependent

Vibrios represent a natural contaminant of seafood products. V. alginolyticus, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus are the most hazardous species to human health. Given the worldwide consumption of mollusc products, reliable detection of Vibrio species is recommended to prevent human vibriosis. In this study, culture-dependent and -independent methods were compared and integrated to implement knowledge of the Manila clam Vibrio community composition. Here, 16S and recA-pyrH metabarcoding were applied to compare the microbial communities of homogenate clam samples (culture-independent method) and their culture-derived samples plated on three different media (culture-dependent method). In addition, a subset of plated clam samples was investigated using shotgun metagenomics. Homogenate metabarcoding characterized the most abundant taxa (16S) and Vibrio species (recA-pyrH). Culture-dependent metabarcoding detected the cultivable taxa, including rare species. Moreover, marine agar medium was found to be a useful substrate for the recovery of several Vibrio species, including the main human pathogenic ones. The culture-dependent shotgun metagenomics detected all the main human pathogenic Vibrio species and a higher number of vibrios with respect to the recA-pyrH metabarcoding. The study revealed that integration of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods might be a valid approach for the characterization of Vibrio biodiversity.

scholarly journals Characterization of the microbial diversity in a permafrost sample from the Canadian high Arctic using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaire Steven ◽  
Geoffrey Briggs ◽  
Chris P. McKay ◽  
Wayne H. Pollard ◽  
Charles W. Greer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Canadian High Arctic ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Culture Dependent
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