scholarly journals Yeast Community Structures and Dynamics in Healthy and Botrytis-Affected Grape Must Fermentations

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (21) ◽  
pp. 6705-6713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aspasia A. Nisiotou ◽  
Apostolos E. Spiropoulos ◽  
George-John E. Nychas
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Grape Must ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Yeast Community ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Wine Fermentations

ABSTRACT Indigenous yeast population dynamics during the fermentation of healthy and Botrytis-affected grape juice samples from two regions in Greece, Attica and Arcadia, were surveyed. Species diversity was evaluated by using restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analyses of the 5.8S internal transcribed spacer and the D1/D2 ribosomal DNA (rDNA) regions of cultivable yeasts. Community-level profiles were also obtained by direct analysis of fermenting samples through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 26S rDNA amplicons. Both approaches revealed structural divergences in yeast communities between samples of different sanitary states or geographical origins. In all cases, Botrytis infection severely perturbed the bioprocess of fermentation by dramatically altering species heterogeneity and succession during the time course. At the beginning and middle of fermentations, Botrytis-affected samples possessed higher levels of biodiversity than their healthy counterparts, being enriched with fermentative and/or spoilage species, such as Zygosaccharomyces bailii and Issatchenkia spp. or Kluyveromyces dobzhanskii and Kazachstania sp. populations that have not been reported before for wine fermentations. Importantly, Botrytis-affected samples exposed discrete final species dominance. Selection was not species specific, and two different populations, i.e., Saccharomyces cerevisiae in samples from Arcadia and Z. bailii in samples from Attica, could be recovered at the end of Botrytis-affected fermentations. The governing of wine fermentations by Z. bailii is reported for the first time and could elucidate the origins and role of this particular spoilage microbe for the wine industry. This is the first survey to compare healthy and Botrytis-affected spontaneous fermentations by using both culture-based and -independent molecular methods in an attempt to further illuminate the complex yeast ecology of grape must fermentations.

scholarly journals Yeast Diversity and Persistence in Botrytis-Affected Wine Fermentations

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 4884-4893 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Mills ◽  
Eric A. Johannsen ◽  
Luca Cocolin
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Yeast Diversity ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentations ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Yeast Interactions ◽  
Culture Dependent ◽  
Wine Fermentations

ABSTRACT Culture-dependent and -independent methods were used to examine the yeast diversity present in botrytis-affected (“botrytized”) wine fermentations carried out at high (∼30°C) and ambient (∼20°C) temperatures. Fermentations at both temperatures possessed similar populations of Saccharomyces, Hanseniaspora, Pichia, Metschnikowia, Kluyveromyces, and Candida species. However, higher populations of non-Saccharomyces yeasts persisted in ambient-temperature fermentations, with Candida and, to a lesser extent, Kluyveromyces species remaining long after the fermentation was dominated by Saccharomyces. In general, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of yeast ribosomal DNA or rRNA amplified from the fermentation samples correlated well with the plating data. The direct molecular methods also revealed a Hanseniaspora osmophila population not identified in the plating analysis. rRNA analysis also indicated a large population (>106 cells per ml) of a nonculturable Candida strain in the high-temperature fermentation. Monoculture analysis of the Candida isolate indicated an extreme fructophilic phenotype and correlated with an increased glucose/fructose ratio in fermentations containing higher populations of Candida. Analysis of wine fermentation microbial ecology by using both culture-dependent and -independent methods reveals the complexity of yeast interactions enriched during spontaneous fermentations.

scholarly journals Cr(VI) Reduction by Sulfidogenic and Nonsulfidogenic Microbial Consortia

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1847-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Meriah Arias ◽  
Bradley M. Tebo
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Ribosomal Genes ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT In time course experiments, bacterial community compositions were compared between a sulfidogenic and two nonsulfidogenic Cr(VI)-reducing consortia enriched from metal-contaminated sediments. The consortia were subjected to 0 and 0.85 mM or 1.35 mM Cr(VI), and Cr(VI) reduction, growth, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of PCR products of small-subunit (16S) ribosomal genes were compared. Results showed that although Cr(VI) was completely reduced by the three consortia, Cr(VI) inhibited cell growth, with sulfate-reducing bacteria being particularly sensitive to Cr(VI) toxicity relative to other bacteria in the consortia.

scholarly journals PCR-based DGGE fingerprinting and identification of the microbial population in South African red grape must and wine

OENO One ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Cameron ◽  
Leoni Siebrits ◽  
Maret Du Toit ◽  
Corli Witthuhn
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Grape Must ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentations ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Red Grape

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial population present in red grape must and wine using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Red wine from the cultivars Pinotage and Merlot were produced and samples taken throughout alcoholic and malolactic fermentation (MLF). PCR fragments were resolved by DGGE and unique fingerprints were obtained for the bacteria and yeasts present in the wines. <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em>, <em>Enterobacter</em> <em>sakazakii</em> (<em>Cronobacter</em> sp.) and <em>Pantoea agglomerans</em> were present in the Pinotage during both alcoholic and MLF, and in both inoculated and spontaneous fermentations. <em>E. sakazakii</em> (<em>Cronobacter</em> sp.) and <em>P. agglomerans</em> were also observed in the Merlot wines during alcoholic fermentation as well as MLF. <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> was the most dominant yeast observed in Pinotage, and was the only yeast observed in Merlot. This yeast was observed until the end of MLF.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Results showed that the microbial flora that participates in the winemaking process is more diverse than commonly thought.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: This method may serve as an alternative to conventional microbiological methods for the identification of the microbial species in red grape must and wine.</p>

Allelopathic and Medicinal plant. 26. Millettia speciosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-146
Author(s):  
Nasiruddin Nasiruddin ◽  
Yu Zhangxin ◽  
Ting Zhao Chen Guangying ◽  
Minghui Ji
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rhizosphere Pseudomonas

We grew cucumber in pots in greenhouse for 9-successive cropping cycles and analyzed the rhizosphere Pseudomonas spp. community structure and abundance by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR. Results showed that continuous monocropping changed the cucumber rhizosphere Pseudomonas spp. community. The number of DGGE bands, Shannon-Wiener index and Evenness index decreased during the 3rd cropping and thereafter, increased up to the 7th cropping, however, however, afterwards they decreased again. The abundance of Pseudomonas spp. increased up to the 5th successive cropping and then decreased gradually. These findings indicated that the structure and abundance of Pseudomonas spp. community changed with long-term cucumber monocropping, which might be linked to soil sickness caused by its continuous monocropping.

MICROBIAL COMMUNITY DURING BIOREMEDIATION EXPERIMENTAL ON OIL SPILL IN COASTAL OF PARI ISLAND

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lies Indah Sutiknowati
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oil Degradation ◽  
Sequence Determination ◽  
Blast Search ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

There is an information how to identify hydrocarbon degrading bacteria for bioremediation of marine oil spill. We have Bioremediation treatment for degradation of oil spill on Pari island and need two kind of experiment there are tanks experiment (sampling 0 to 90 days) and semi enclosed system (sampling 0 to 150 days). Biostimulation with nutrients (N and P) was done to analyze biodegradation of hydrocarbon compounds. Experiment design using fertilizer Super IB and Linstar will stimulate bacteria can degrade oil, n-alkane, and alkane as poly aromatic hydrocarbon. The bacteria communities were monitored and analyzed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and Clone Library; oil chemistry was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was extracted from colonies of bacteria and sequence determination of the 16S rDNA was amplified by primers U515f and U1492r. Strains had been sequence and had similarity about 90-99% to their closest taxa by homology Blast search and few of them suspected as new species. The results showed that fertilizers gave a significant effect on alkane, PAH and oil degradation in tanks experiment but not in the field test. Dominant of the specific bacteria on this experiment were Alcanivorax, Marinobacter and Prosthecochloris. Keywords: Bioremediation, Biostimulation, DGGE, PAH, Pari Island

The comparison of the diversity of activated sludge plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Curtis ◽  
Noel G. Craine
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Optimal Sampling ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sampling Regime

The explicit engineering of bacterial populations requires that we know which organisms perform which tasks. The comparison of the bacterial diversity of activated sludge plants may give important information about the functions of different bacteria. This difficult task may be made easier by the use of technologies based on 16S rRNA based techniques. In this study we have used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to determine the optimal sampling regime for comparative studies and used cluster analysis to show how plants may be quantitatively compared. We sought evidence of spatial, diurnal and intrasample variation in a number of sites. No evidence for variation was found in the plants studied and we concluded that a single sample of an activated sludge plant was sufficient for a plant to plant comparison. The cluster analysis was able to distinguish between plants, though further work is required to find the most appropriate basis for such comparisons. We found organisms from raw sewage in the mixed liquor samples, these organisms may have no functional significance in the treatment process and thus complicate plant to plant comparisons as will the probable presence of heteroduplex rDNA products. Nevertheless we believe that these drawbacks do not outweigh the advantages of being able to take and compare relatively large numbers of samples.

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