scholarly journals Investigation of Malic Acid Production in Aspergillus oryzae under Nitrogen Starvation Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (19) ◽  
pp. 6050-6058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Knuf ◽  
Intawat Nookaew ◽  
Stephen H. Brown ◽  
Michael McCulloch ◽  
Alan Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The One

ABSTRACTMalic acid has great potential for replacing petrochemical building blocks in the future. For this application, high yields, rates, and titers are essential in order to sustain a viable biotechnological production process. Natural high-capacity malic acid producers like the malic acid producerAspergillus flavushave so far been disqualified because of special growth requirements or the production of mycotoxins. AsA. oryzaeis a very close relative or even an ecotype ofA. flavus, it is likely that its high malic acid production capabilities with a generally regarded as safe (GRAS) status may be combined with already existing large-scale fermentation experience. In order to verify the malic acid production potential, two wild-type strains, NRRL3485 and NRRL3488, were compared in shake flasks. As NRRL3488 showed a volumetric production rate twice as high as that of NRRL3485, this strain was selected for further investigation of the influence of two different nitrogen sources on malic acid secretion. The cultivation in lab-scale fermentors resulted in a higher final titer, 30.27 ± 1.05 g liter−1, using peptone than the one of 22.27 ± 0.46 g liter−1obtained when ammonium was used. Through transcriptome analysis, a binding site similar to the one of theSaccharomyces cerevisiaeyeast transcription factor Msn2/4 was identified in the upstream regions of glycolytic genes and the cytosolic malic acid production pathway from pyruvate via oxaloacetate to malate, which suggests that malic acid production is a stress response. Furthermore, the pyruvate carboxylase reaction was identified as a target for metabolic engineering, after it was confirmed to be transcriptionally regulated through the correlation of intracellular fluxes and transcriptional changes.

A logic model of the implementation of a regional workforce strategy in positive behavioural support

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Noone ◽  
Alison Branch ◽  
Melissa Sherring
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Logic Model ◽  
Competency Framework ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioural Support ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose Positive behavioural support (PBS) as a framework for delivering quality services is recognised in important policy documents (CQC, 2020; NICE, 2018), yet there is an absence in the literature on how this could be implemented on a large scale. The purpose of this paper is to describe a recent implementation of a workforce strategy to develop PBS across social care and health staff and family carers, within the footprint of a large integrated care system. Design/methodology/approach A logic model describes how an initial scoping exercise led to the production of a regional workforce strategy based on the PBS Competence Framework (2015). It shows how the creation of a regional steering group was able to coordinate important developmental stages and integrate multiple agencies into a single strategy to implement teaching and education in PBS. It describes the number of people who received teaching and education in PBS and the regional impact of the project in promoting cultural change within services. Findings This paper demonstrates a proof of concept that it is possible to translate the PBS Competency Framework (2015) into accredited courses. Initial scoping work highlighted the ineffectiveness of traditional training in PBS. Using blended learning and competency-based supervision and assessment, it was possible to create a new way to promote large-scale service developments in PBS supported by the governance of a new organisational structure. This also included family training delivered by family trainers. This builds on the ideas by Denne et al. (2020) that many of the necessary building blocks of implementation already exist within a system. Social implications A co-ordinated teaching and education strategy in PBS may help a wide range of carers to become more effective in supporting the people they care for. Originality/value This is the first attempt to describe the implementation of a framework for PBS within a defined geographical location. It describes the collaboration of health and social care planners and a local university to create a suite of courses built around the PBS coalition competency framework.

scholarly journals Use of wheat straw and chicken feather hydrolysates as a complete medium for lactic acid production

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gharwalová Lucia ◽  
Paulová Leona ◽  
Patáková Petra ◽  
Branská Barbora ◽  
Melzoch Karel
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Acid Yield

Biotechnological production of lactic acid has experienced a boom that is hindered only by the lack of low-cost, abundant material that might be used as a substrate for lactic acid bacteria. Such material should contain not only carbon but also complex nitrogen sources, amino acids and vitamins necessary for the balanced growth of the bacteria. Here, for the first time, a combination of hydrolysates of wheat straw and chicken feathers was used as a complete waste cultivation medium for lactic acid production. It was shown to be a promising substrate for lactic acid production, reducing the medium price by 73% compared with MRS broth, providing more than 98% lactic acid yield and high productivity (2.28 ± 0.68 g/l/h) in a fed-batch process using Lactobacillus reuterii LHR14.

The level of individual social capital and social activity among librarians and managerial personnel

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 132-148
Author(s):  
Maja Dorota Wojciechowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Social Capital ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The One

PurposeThe purpose of this paper i to determine which group – the managerial personnel or the directors of libraries – had a more extensive social network and were more eager to engage in cooperation, in other words – had the qualities believed to be important in managerial positions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents the results of research on the levels of individual social capital, as well as the social activity among librarians in 20 countries across the world, which are important for integration with the local community and development of library services.FindingsThe research confirmed that library directors are more active than managerial personnel or line workers, although there were areas in which line workers and managers scored higher than directors. In some areas of civic activity, line workers and managers, rather than directors, led the way.Research limitations/implicationsThis is the first research into the social capital and social activity of the managerial personnel of libraries conducted on such a large scale – in 20 countries across the world. The electronic survey resulted in the total of 6,593 valid responses, which were analysed statistically. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistics were calculated, and the chi-square test of independence and the Mann–Whitney U test were applied. The level of individual social capital was calculated on the basis of a resource generator – Questionnaire for the Measurement of Individual Social Capital (KPIKS).Originality/valueThis is the first research into the social capital and social activity of the managerial personnel of libraries conducted on such a large scale – in 20 countries across the world. The electronic survey resulted in the total of 6,593 valid responses, which were analysed statistically. The one-way ANOVA statistics were calculated, and the chi-square test of independence and the Mann–Whitney U test were applied. The level of individual social capital was calculated on the basis of a resource generator – Questionnaire for the Measurement of Individual Social Capital (KPIKS).

Governance for intelligent organizations: a cybernetic contribution

Kybernetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Schwaninger
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organizational Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reliable Knowledge ◽  
The One ◽  
Viable System ◽  
Superior Approach ◽  
Intelligent Organizations

Purpose This paper aims to revisit the viable system model (VSM) discussing it from both the theoretical and the empirical standpoints, and ascertaining its relevance for organizational governance. Design/methodology/approach A combination of theoretical and empirical components is used: introduction to theory and critique on the one hand; case studies and a large sample empirical study on the other. Findings The VSM has proved to be a powerful means of governance for organizations in turbulent times. It conveys a durable, reliable knowledge. This has been corroborated in both case studies and a large-scale empirical study. Practical implications Application of the model under study can activate a huge potential for the improvement of organizations. Originality/value This contribution tests the VSM in an unseen fashion – qualitatively and quantitatively. The results suggest that a high confidence in the model is justified. It conveys to managers and leaders an unconventional, superior approach to both diagnosis and design of their organizations.

Small to large scale mixed turbulent convection: buildings application

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souad Morsli ◽  
Mustapha Boussoufi ◽  
Amina Sabeur ◽  
Mohammed El Ganaoui ◽  
Rachid Bennacer
Keyword(s):  
Flow Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Vertical Wall ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
3D Flow ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hot Temperature ◽  
The One

Purpose The use of natural ventilation by large openings to maintain thermal comfort conditions in the premises is a concept that is perfectly integrated into the traditional architecture of countries in the Mediterranean region or in tropical climates. In a temperate climate where the architecture is not usually designed to respond to the use of natural ventilation is seasonal and is done at the initiative of the occupants by making changes in the design of their doors. The European interest in natural ventilation, as a passive building air-conditioning technology, is increasing and has been the subject of a research program commissioned by the European Community. In this work, the authors consider a part of a housing compound as a refreshing floor. This floor is maintained at a constant cold temperature, the one vertical wall at hot temperature and other surfaces are adiabatic. Various scenarios are considered for this work. Mixed convection for different boundary conditions and different configurations is carried out. In addition, an airflow is injected through a window and extracted on the opposite window. Classical conclusion and transitional value on Richardson number have been completed by the new thermal configuration with nonsymmetric thermal conditions. The complex 3D flow structure is more obvious when one of the two flows (ventilation or natural convection) dominates. However, the induced heat transfer is less sensitive to the added ventilation. In this study, the authors consider a part of a housing compound as a refreshing floor. This floor is maintained at a constant cold temperature, the one vertical wall at hot temperature and other surfaces are adiabatic. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative preliminary study of a 2D–3D flow. The authors examine the competition between the natural convective flow and the added airflow on the flow structure and indoor air quality. The numerical model shows a good agreement with that obtained by researchers analytically and experimentally. To deal with turbulence, the RNG k-ε model has been adopted in this study. Findings The transfer is more sensitive between the 2D and 3D cases for the present analyzed case. Originality/value The study of ventilation efficiency has shown the competition between the big and small structures and the induced discomfort.

scholarly journals Leer je kinderen minder te tolereren! Teach your children to tolerate less!

Pedagogiek ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Schinkel
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Abstract Toleration is a person’s response, on the one hand, to something she disapproves of, and on the other hand, to her inclination to put a stop to that which she disapproves of. When people think about toleration from a pedagogical perspective, as a virtue to be cultivated, attention naturally focuses on the latter: how do we teach someone to control herself, to take the other’s perspective, et cetera; and how do we make sure someone develops ‘tolerant’ views? Discussions about this virtually always concern the same topics, however; critical reflection on the objects of (in)tolerance are lacking. When we turn our gaze outwards, we see that intolerable practices take place on a large scale (e.g. ecologically destructive practices) that we all ‘tolerate’ – because we don’t care enough. We ought to teach children to care about the right things to the right degree; and that means we need to teach them not to tolerate certain practices.

Research note

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios G. Katehakis ◽  
George Pangalos ◽  
Andriana Prentza
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
European Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electronic Signatures ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to present a framework for moving cross-border ePrescription (eP) and Patient Summary (PS) services forward, bearing in mind the needs and requirements of the European e-health space for cross-border eP and PS services, the limitations of the already developed solutions, as well as outcomes available from other domains. Design/methodology/approach The outcomes of previous and current large-scale pilot projects, aiming toward the delivery of electronic cross-border services, are examined. Integration of generic building blocks (BBs) is considered for the further development of cross-border eP and PS, in line with the European Directive on patients’ rights in cross-border health care. Findings The e-health domain is expected to greatly benefit from mitigating non-domain concerns such as those for electronic identification, end point detection, non-repudiation and the use of electronic signatures and trust establishments for basic cross-border public services in Europe. Research limitations/implications Research limitations are related to the fact that electronic identification, electronic signature and semantic issues have not been fully addressed yet at a European level to support cross-border services. Practical implications Practical implications are related to the cooperation, European level compatibility and sustainability of the underlying national infrastructures required to support reliable and secure exchange of medical data, as well as the readiness to address continuously evolving interoperability, legal and security requirements in a cross-border setting. Originality/value The need for consolidating the existing outcomes of non-health specific BBs is examined for two high-priority e-health services. Ongoing progress is presented, together with related issues that need to be resolved for improving technical certainty and making it easier to use health-care services abroad in cases of emergency.

scholarly journals Semicontinuous Culture of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 Cells in an Autofermentor by Nutrient-Balanced and Isosmotic Feeding Strategies

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (17) ◽  
pp. 5851-5856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Xiaojuan Zhang ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Jilun Li
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
High Density Culture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Magnetospirillum Gryphiswaldense ◽  
Semicontinuous Culture

ABSTRACTAn improved strategy was developed for the high-density culture ofMagnetospirillum gryphiswaldensestrain MSR-1 and large-scale magnetosome production in both 7.5- and 42-liter autofermentors. By using a nutrient-balanced feeding strategy and the replacement of carbon and nitrogen sources to reduce accumulation of Na+and Cl−ions, we reduced the factors that tend to inhibit cell growth, particularly the increase of osmotic potential. Semicontinuous culture was thereby achieved in the autofermentor for the first time. When the cells were harvested at 36 and 73 h, magnetosome yields (dry weight) as high as 168.3 and 83.5 mg/liter/day, respectively, were achieved. These values were, respectively, approximately 10 and 5 times higher than the yields achieved in previous studies and represent a significant improvement in magnetosome production efficiency.

scholarly journals Oxidative Pathways of Deoxyribose and Deoxyribonate Catabolism

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan N. Price ◽  
Jayashree Ray ◽  
Anthony T. Iavarone ◽  
Hans K. Carlson ◽  
Elizabeth M. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Multiple Protein ◽  
Oxidative Pathway

ABSTRACTUsing genome-wide mutant fitness assays in diverse bacteria, we identified novel oxidative pathways for the catabolism of 2-deoxy-d-ribose and 2-deoxy-d-ribonate. We propose that deoxyribose is oxidized to deoxyribonate, oxidized to ketodeoxyribonate, and cleaved to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and glyceryl-CoA. We have genetic evidence for this pathway in three genera of bacteria, and we confirmed the oxidation of deoxyribose to ketodeoxyribonatein vitro. InPseudomonas simiae, the expression of enzymes in the pathway is induced by deoxyribose or deoxyribonate, while inParaburkholderia bryophilaand inBurkholderia phytofirmans, the pathway proceeds in parallel with the known deoxyribose 5-phosphate aldolase pathway. We identified another oxidative pathway for the catabolism of deoxyribonate, with acyl-CoA intermediates, inKlebsiella michiganensis. Of these four bacteria, onlyP. simiaerelies entirely on an oxidative pathway to consume deoxyribose. The deoxyribose dehydrogenase ofP. simiaeis either nonspecific or evolved recently, as this enzyme is very similar to a novel vanillin dehydrogenase fromPseudomonas putidathat we identified. So, we propose that these oxidative pathways evolved primarily to consume deoxyribonate, which is a waste product of metabolism.IMPORTANCEDeoxyribose is one of the building blocks of DNA and is released when cells die and their DNA degrades. We identified a bacterium that can grow with deoxyribose as its sole source of carbon even though its genome does not contain any of the known genes for breaking down deoxyribose. By growing many mutants of this bacterium together on deoxyribose and using DNA sequencing to measure the change in the mutants’ abundance, we identified multiple protein-coding genes that are required for growth on deoxyribose. Based on the similarity of these proteins to enzymes of known function, we propose a 6-step pathway in which deoxyribose is oxidized and then cleaved. Diverse bacteria use a portion of this pathway to break down a related compound, deoxyribonate, which is a waste product of metabolism. Our study illustrates the utility of large-scale bacterial genetics to identify previously unknown metabolic pathways.

scholarly journals Sequence-Defined Transposon Mutant Library of Burkholderia thailandensis

mBio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Gallagher ◽  
Elizabeth Ramage ◽  
Rapatbhorn Patrapuvich ◽  
Eli Weiss ◽  
Mitch Brittnacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Mutant Library ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Burkholderia Thailandensis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level 3

ABSTRACTWe constructed a near-saturation transposon mutant library forBurkholderia thailandensis, a low-virulence surrogate for the causative agent of melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei). A primary set of nearly 42,000 unique mutants (~7.5 mutants/gene) was generated using transposon Tn5derivatives. The strains carry insertions in 87% of the predicted protein-coding genes of the organism, corresponding to nearly all of those nonessential for growth on nutrient agar. To achieve high genome coverage, we developed procedures for efficient sequence identification of insertions in extremely GC-rich regions of DNA. To facilitate strain distribution, we created a secondary library with two mutants per gene for which most transposon locations had been confirmed by resequencing. A map of mutations in the two-allele library and procedures for obtaining strains can be found athttp://tools.nwrce.org/tn_mutants/andhttp://www.gs.washington.edu/labs/manoil/. The library should facilitate comprehensive mutant screens and serve as a source of strains to test predicted genotype-phenotype associations.IMPORTANCEThe Gram-negative bacteriumBurkholderia pseudomalleiis a biothreat agent due to its potential for aerosol delivery and intrinsic antibiotic resistance and because exposure produces pernicious infections. Large-scale studies ofB. pseudomalleiare limited by the fact that the organism must be manipulated under biological safety level 3 conditions. A close relative ofB. pseudomalleicalledBurkholderia thailandensis, which can be studied under less restrictive conditions, has been validated as a low-virulence surrogate in studies of virulence, antibiotic resistance and other traits. To facilitate large-scale studies ofB. thailandensis, we created a near-saturation, sequence-defined transposon mutant library of the organism. The library facilitates genetic studies that identify genotype-phenotype associations conserved inB. pseudomallei.

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