scholarly journals The Bacteriome of Bat Flies (Nycteribiidae) from the Malagasy Region: a Community Shaped by Host Ecology, Bacterial Transmission Mode, and Host-Vector Specificity

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1778-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Wilkinson ◽  
Olivier Duron ◽  
Colette Cordonin ◽  
Yann Gomard ◽  
Beza Ramasindrazana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Transmission Mode ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bat Flies ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Vector Specificity ◽  
Bat Fly

ABSTRACTThe Nycteribiidae are obligate blood-sucking Diptera (Hippoboscoidea) flies that parasitize bats. Depending on species, these wingless flies exhibit either high specialism or generalism toward their hosts, which may in turn have important consequences in terms of their associated microbial community structure. Bats have been hypothesized to be reservoirs of numerous infectious agents, some of which have recently emerged in human populations. Thus, bat flies may be important in the epidemiology and transmission of some of these bat-borne infectious diseases, acting either directly as arthropod vectors or indirectly by shaping pathogen communities among bat populations. In addition, bat flies commonly have associations with heritable bacterial endosymbionts that inhabit insect cells and depend on maternal transmission through egg cytoplasm to ensure their transmission. Some of these heritable bacteria are likely obligate mutualists required to support bat fly development, but others are facultative symbionts with unknown effects. Here, we present bacterial community profiles that were obtained from seven bat fly species, representing five genera, parasitizing bats from the Malagasy region. The observed bacterial diversity includesRickettsia,Wolbachia, and severalArsenophonus-like organisms, as well as other members of theEnterobacterialesand a widespread association ofBartonellabacteria from bat flies of all five genera. Using the well-described host specificity of these flies and data on community structure from selected bacterial taxa with either vertical or horizontal transmission, we show that host/vector specificity and transmission mode are important drivers of bacterial community structure.

scholarly journals Massive Infection of Seabird Ticks with Bacterial Species Related to Coxiella burnetii

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 3327-3333 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Wilkinson ◽  
Muriel Dietrich ◽  
Camille Lebarbenchon ◽  
Audrey Jaeger ◽  
Céline Le Rouzic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medical Importance

ABSTRACTSeabird ticks are known reservoirs of bacterial pathogens of medical importance; however, ticks parasitizing tropical seabirds have received less attention than their counterparts from temperate and subpolar regions. Recently,Rickettsia africaewas described to infect seabird ticks of the western Indian Ocean and New Caledonia, constituting the only available data on bacterial pathogens associated with tropical seabird tick species. Here, we combined a pyrosequencing-based approach with a classical molecular analysis targeting bacteria of potential medical importance in order to describe the bacterial community in two tropical seabird ticks,Amblyomma loculosumandCarios(Ornithodoros)capensis. We also investigated the patterns of prevalence and host specificity within the biogeographical context of the western Indian Ocean islands. The bacterial community of the two tick species was characterized by a strong dominance ofCoxiellaandRickettsia. Our data support a strictCoxiella-host tick specificity, a pattern resembling the one found forRickettsiaspp. in the same two seabird tick species. Both the high prevalence and stringent host tick specificity suggest that these bacteria may be tick symbionts with probable vertical transmission. Detailed studies of the pathogenicity of these bacteria will now be required to determine whether horizontal transmission can occur and to clarify their status as potential human pathogens. More generally, our results show that the combination of next generation sequencing with targeted detection/genotyping approaches proves to be efficient in poorly investigated fields where research can be considered to be starting from scratch.

scholarly journals Restructuring of the Aquatic Bacterial Community by Hydric Dynamics Associated with Superstorm Sandy

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 3525-3536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikea Ulrich ◽  
Abigail Rosenberger ◽  
Colin Brislawn ◽  
Justin Wright ◽  
Collin Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTBacterial community composition and longitudinal fluctuations were monitored in a riverine system during and after Superstorm Sandy to better characterize inter- and intracommunity responses associated with the disturbance associated with a 100-year storm event. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to assess microbial community structure within water samples from Muddy Creek Run, a second-order stream in Huntingdon, PA, at 12 different time points during the storm event (29 October to 3 November 2012) and under seasonally matched baseline conditions. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to track changes in bacterial community structure and divergence during and after Superstorm Sandy. Bacterial community dynamics were correlated to measured physicochemical parameters and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations. Bioinformatics analyses of 2.1 million 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a significant increase in bacterial diversity in samples taken during peak discharge of the storm. Beta-diversity analyses revealed longitudinal shifts in the bacterial community structure. Successional changes were observed, in whichBetaproteobacteriaandGammaproteobacteriadecreased in 16S rRNA gene relative abundance, while the relative abundance of members of theFirmicutesincreased. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequences matching pathogenic bacteria, including strains ofLegionella,Campylobacter,Arcobacter, andHelicobacter, as well as bacteria of fecal origin (e.g.,Bacteroides), exhibited an increase in abundance after peak discharge of the storm. This study revealed a significant restructuring of in-stream bacterial community structure associated with hydric dynamics of a storm event.IMPORTANCEIn order to better understand the microbial risks associated with freshwater environments during a storm event, a more comprehensive understanding of the variations in aquatic bacterial diversity is warranted. This study investigated the bacterial communities during and after Superstorm Sandy to provide fine time point resolution of dynamic changes in bacterial composition. This study adds to the current literature by revealing the variation in bacterial community structure during the course of a storm. This study employed high-throughput DNA sequencing, which generated a deep analysis of inter- and intracommunity responses during a significant storm event. This study has highlighted the utility of applying high-throughput sequencing for water quality monitoring purposes, as this approach enabled a more comprehensive investigation of the bacterial community structure. Altogether, these data suggest a drastic restructuring of the stream bacterial community during a storm event and highlight the potential of high-throughput sequencing approaches for assessing the microbiological quality of our environment.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Supplementation with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mannan Oligosaccharide on the Bacterial Community Structure of Broiler Cecal Contents

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (18) ◽  
pp. 6653-6662 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Corrigan ◽  
K. Horgan ◽  
N. Clipson ◽  
R. A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharide

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with a prebiotic mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on broiler performance, bacterial community structure, and phylogenetic populations of cecal contents. Bird performance data were collected, and cecal samples were extracted from randomly caught poults from each treatment group every 7 days from hatching to the age of 42 days. Weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency ratios did not differ significantly between groups. Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) of the bacterial communities in birds receiving MOS-supplemented diets indicated that dietary supplementation with MOS at either of 2 levels significantly altered the bacterial community structure from that of the control group on all sample days. The phylogenetic identities of bacteria contained within the cecum were determined by constructing a 16S rRNA gene clone library. A total of 594 partial 16S rRNA gene sequences from the cecal contents were analyzed and compared for the three dietary treatments. The dominant bacteria of the cecum belonged to three phyla,Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes, andProteobacteria; of these,Firmicuteswere the most dominant in all treatment groups. Statistical analysis of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone libraries showed that the compositions of the clone libraries from broilers receiving MOS-supplemented diets were, in most cases, significantly different from that of the control group. It can be concluded that in this trial MOS supplementation significantly altered the cecal bacterial community structure.

scholarly journals Evolution, Multiple Acquisition, and Localization of Endosymbionts in Bat Flies (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea: Streblidae and Nycteribiidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 2952-2961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solon F. Morse ◽  
Sarah E. Bush ◽  
Bruce D. Patterson ◽  
Carl W. Dick ◽  
Matthew E. Gruwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bat Flies ◽  
Clade C ◽  
Taxonomic Range ◽  
Bat Fly ◽  
Microbial Dna

ABSTRACTBat flies are a diverse clade of obligate ectoparasites on bats. Like most blood-feeding insects, they harbor endosymbiotic prokaryotes, but the origins and nature of these symbioses are still poorly understood. To expand the knowledge of bacterial associates in bat flies, the diversity and evolution of the dominant endosymbionts in six of eight nominal subfamilies of bat flies (Streblidae and Nycteribiidae) were studied. Furthermore, the localization of endosymbionts and their transmission across developmental stages within the family Streblidae were explored. The results show diverse microbial associates in bat flies, with at least four ancestral invasions of distantly related microbial lineages throughout bat fly evolution. Phylogenetic relationships support the presence of at least two novel symbiont lineages (here clades B and D), and extend the geographic and taxonomic range of a previously documented lineage (“CandidatusAschnera chinzeii”; here clade A). Although these lineages show reciprocally monophyletic clusters with several bat fly host clades, their phylogenetic relationships generally do not reflect current bat fly taxonomy or phylogeny. However, within some endosymbiont clades, congruent patterns of symbiont-host divergence are apparent. Other sequences identified in this study fall into the widely distributed, highly invasive, insect-associatedArsenophonuslineage and may be the result of symbiont replacements and/or transient infections (here clade C). Vertical transmission of endosymbionts of clades B and D is supported by fluorescent signal (fluorescentin situhybridization [FISH]) and microbial DNA detection across developmental stages. The fluorescent bacterial signal is consistently localized within structures resembling bacteriomes, although their anatomical position differs by host fly clade. In summary, the results suggest an obligate host-endosymbiont relationship for three of the four known symbiont clades associated with bat flies (clades A, B, and D).

scholarly journals Corexit 9500 Enhances Oil Biodegradation and Changes Active Bacterial Community Structure of Oil-Enriched Microcosms

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Techtmann ◽  
Mobing Zhuang ◽  
Pablo Campo ◽  
Edith Holder ◽  
Michael Elk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corexit 9500 ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT To better understand the impacts of Corexit 9500 on the structure and activity levels of hydrocarbon-degrading microbial communities, we analyzed next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing libraries of hydrocarbon enrichments grown at 5 and 25°C using both DNA and RNA extracts as the sequencing templates. Oil biodegradation patterns in both 5 and 25°C enrichments were consistent with those reported in the literature (i.e., aliphatics were degraded faster than aromatics). Slight increases in biodegradation were observed in the presence of Corexit at both temperatures. Differences in community structure were observed between treatment conditions in the DNA-based libraries. The 25°C consortia were dominated by Vibrio, Idiomarina, Marinobacter, Alcanivorax, and Thalassospira species, while the 5°C consortia were dominated by several species of the genera Flavobacterium, Alcanivorax, and Oleispira. Most of these genera have been linked to hydrocarbon degradation and have been observed after oil spills. Colwellia and Cycloclasticus, known aromatic degraders, were also found in these enrichments. The addition of Corexit did not have an effect on the active bacterial community structure of the 5°C consortia, while at 25°C, a decrease in the relative abundance of Marinobacter was observed. At 25°C, Thalassospira, Marinobacter, and Idiomarina were present at higher relative abundances in the RNA than DNA libraries, suggesting that they were active in degradation. Similarly, Oleispira was greatly stimulated by the addition of oil at 5°C. IMPORTANCE While dispersants such as Corexit 9500 can be used to treat oil spills, there is still debate on the effectiveness on enhancing oil biodegradation and its potential toxic effect on oil-degrading microbial communities. The results of this study provide some insights on the microbial dynamics of hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial populations in the presence of Corexit 9500. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) analyses indicated that several OTUs were inhibited by the addition of Corexit. Conversely, a number of OTUs were stimulated by the addition of the dispersant, many of which were identified as known hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. The results highlight the value of using RNA-based methods to further understand the impact of dispersant on the overall activity of different hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial groups.

scholarly journals Local Environmental Factors Drive Divergent Grassland Soil Bacterial Communities in the Western Swiss Alps

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (21) ◽  
pp. 6303-6316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Yashiro ◽  
Eric Pinto-Figueroa ◽  
Aline Buri ◽  
Jorge E. Spangenberg ◽  
Thierry Adatte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
Western Swiss Alps

ABSTRACTMountain ecosystems are characterized by a diverse range of climatic and topographic conditions over short distances and are known to shelter a high biodiversity. Despite important progress, still little is known on bacterial diversity in mountain areas. Here, we investigated soil bacterial biogeography at more than 100 sampling sites randomly stratified across a 700-km2area with 2,200-m elevation gradient in the western Swiss Alps. Bacterial grassland communities were highly diverse, with 12,741 total operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across 100 sites and an average of 2,918 OTUs per site. Bacterial community structure was correlated with local climatic, topographic, and soil physicochemical parameters with high statistical significance. We found pH (correlated with % CaO and % mineral carbon), hydrogen index (correlated with bulk gravimetric water content), and annual average number of frost days during the growing season to be among the groups of the most important environmental drivers of bacterial community structure. In contrast, bacterial community structure was only weakly stratified as a function of elevation. Contrasting patterns were discovered for individual bacterial taxa.Acidobacteriaresponded both positively and negatively to pH extremes. Various families within theBacteroidetesresponded to available phosphorus levels. Different verrucomicrobial groups responded to electrical conductivity, total organic carbon, water content, and mineral carbon contents. Alpine grassland bacterial communities are thus highly diverse, which is likely due to the large variety of different environmental conditions. These results shed new light on the biodiversity of mountain ecosystems, which were already identified as potentially fragile to anthropogenic influences and climate change.IMPORTANCEThis article addresses the question of how microbial communities in alpine regions are dependent on local climatic and soil physicochemical variables. We benefit from a unique 700-km2study region in the western Swiss Alps region, which has been exhaustively studied for macro-organismal and fungal ecology, and for topoclimatic modeling of future ecological trends, but without taking into account soil bacterial diversity. Here, we present an in-depth biogeographical characterization of the bacterial community diversity in this alpine region across 100 randomly stratified sites, using 56 environmental variables. Our exhaustive sampling ensured the detection of ecological trends with high statistical robustness. Our data both confirm previously observed general trends and show many new detailed trends for a wide range of bacterial taxonomic groups and environmental parameters.

scholarly journals Impact of Seasonal Hypoxia on Activity and Community Structure of Chemolithoautotrophic Bacteria in a Coastal Sediment

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne A. Lipsewers ◽  
Diana Vasquez-Cardenas ◽  
Dorina Seitaj ◽  
Regina Schauer ◽  
Silvia Hidalgo-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Seasonal Hypoxia

ABSTRACT Seasonal hypoxia in coastal systems drastically changes the availability of electron acceptors in bottom water, which alters the sedimentary reoxidation of reduced compounds. However, the effect of seasonal hypoxia on the chemolithoautotrophic community that catalyzes these reoxidation reactions is rarely studied. Here, we examine the changes in activity and structure of the sedimentary chemolithoautotrophic bacterial community of a seasonally hypoxic saline basin under oxic (spring) and hypoxic (summer) conditions. Combined 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and analysis of phospholipid-derived fatty acids indicated a major temporal shift in community structure. Aerobic sulfur-oxidizing Gammaproteobacteria (Thiotrichales) and Epsilonproteobacteria (Campylobacterales) were prevalent during spring, whereas Deltaproteobacteria (Desulfobacterales) related to sulfate-reducing bacteria prevailed during summer hypoxia. Chemolithoautotrophy rates in the surface sediment were three times higher in spring than in summer. The depth distribution of chemolithoautotrophy was linked to the distinct sulfur oxidation mechanisms identified through microsensor profiling, i.e., canonical sulfur oxidation, electrogenic sulfur oxidation by cable bacteria, and sulfide oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction by Beggiatoaceae. The metabolic diversity of the sulfur-oxidizing bacterial community suggests a complex niche partitioning within the sediment, probably driven by the availability of reduced sulfur compounds (H2S, S0, and S2O3 2−) and electron acceptors (O2 and NO3 −) regulated by seasonal hypoxia. IMPORTANCE Chemolithoautotrophic microbes in the seafloor are dependent on electron acceptors, like oxygen and nitrate, that diffuse from the overlying water. Seasonal hypoxia, however, drastically changes the availability of these electron acceptors in the bottom water; hence, one expects a strong impact of seasonal hypoxia on sedimentary chemolithoautotrophy. A multidisciplinary investigation of the sediments in a seasonally hypoxic coastal basin confirms this hypothesis. Our data show that bacterial community structure and chemolithoautotrophic activity varied with the seasonal depletion of oxygen. Unexpectedly, the dark carbon fixation was also dependent on the dominant microbial pathway of sulfur oxidation occurring in the sediment (i.e., canonical sulfur oxidation, electrogenic sulfur oxidation by cable bacteria, and sulfide oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction by Beggiatoaceae). These results suggest that a complex niche partitioning within the sulfur-oxidizing bacterial community additionally affects the chemolithoautotrophic community of seasonally hypoxic sediments.

scholarly journals Impacts of Long-Term Irrigation of Domestic Treated Wastewater on Soil Biogeochemistry and Bacterial Community Structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (20) ◽  
pp. 7143-7158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Wafula ◽  
John R. White ◽  
Andy Canion ◽  
Charles Jagoe ◽  
Ashish Pathak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTFreshwater scarcity and regulations on wastewater disposal have necessitated the reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for soil irrigation, which has several environmental and economic benefits. However, TWW irrigation can cause nutrient loading to the receiving environments. We assessed bacterial community structure and associated biogeochemical changes in soil plots irrigated with nitrate-rich TWW (referred to as pivots) for periods ranging from 13 to 30 years. Soil cores (0 to 40 cm) were collected in summer and winter from five irrigated pivots and three adjacently located nonirrigated plots. Total bacterial and denitrifier gene abundances were estimated by quantitative PCR (qPCR), and community structure was assessed by 454 massively parallel tag sequencing (MPTS) of small-subunit (SSU) rRNA genes along with terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis ofnirK,nirS, andnosZfunctional genes responsible for denitrification of the TWW-associated nitrate. Soil physicochemical analyses showed that, regardless of the seasons, pH and moisture contents (MC) were higher in the irrigated (IR) pivots than in the nonirrigated (NIR) plots; organic matter (OM) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were higher as a function of season but not of irrigation treatment. MPTS analysis showed that TWW loading resulted in the following: (i) an increase in the relative abundance ofProteobacteria, especiallyBetaproteobacteriaandGammaproteobacteria; (ii) a decrease in the relative abundance ofActinobacteria; (iii) shifts in the communities of acidobacterial groups, along with a shift in thenirKandnirSdenitrifier guilds as shown by T-RFLP analysis. Additionally, bacterial biomass estimated by genus/group-specific real-time qPCR analyses revealed that higher numbers of total bacteria,Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria,Alphaproteobacteria, and thenirSdenitrifier guilds were present in the IR pivots than in the NIR plots. Identification of thenirK-containing microbiota as a proxy for the denitrifier community indicated that bacteria belonged to alphaproteobacteria from theRhizobiaceaefamily within the agroecosystem studied. Multivariate statistical analyses further confirmed some of the above soil physicochemical and bacterial community structure changes as a function of long-term TWW application within this agroecosystem.

scholarly journals Response of Bacterioplankton Communities to Cadmium Exposure in Coastal Water Microcosms with High Temporal Variability

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Demin Zhang ◽  
Jinbo Xiong ◽  
Xinxin Chen ◽  
Jialai Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bacterioplankton Community ◽  
Temporal Succession ◽  
Cd Exposure ◽  
Bacterioplankton Communities

ABSTRACTMultiple anthropogenic disturbances to bacterial diversity have been investigated in coastal ecosystems, in which temporal variability in the bacterioplankton community has been considered a ubiquitous process. However, far less is known about the temporal dynamics of a bacterioplankton community responding to pollution disturbances such as toxic metals. We used coastal water microcosms perturbed with 0, 10, 100, and 1,000 μg liter−1of cadmium (Cd) for 2 weeks to investigate temporal variability, Cd-induced patterns, and their interaction in the coastal bacterioplankton community and to reveal whether the bacterial community structure would reflect the Cd gradient in a temporally varying system. Our results showed that the bacterioplankton community structure shifted along the Cd gradient consistently after a 4-day incubation, although it exhibited some resistance to Cd at low concentration (10 μg liter−1). A process akin to an arms race between temporal variability and Cd exposure was observed, and the temporal variability overwhelmed Cd-induced patterns in the bacterial community. The temporal succession of the bacterial community was correlated with pH, dissolved oxygen, NO3−-N, NO2−-N, PO43−-P, dissolved organic carbon, and chlorophylla, and each of these parameters contributed more to community variance than Cd did. However, elevated Cd levels did decrease the temporal turnover rate of community. Furthermore, key taxa, affiliated to the familiesFlavobacteriaceae,Rhodobacteraceae,Erythrobacteraceae,Piscirickettsiaceae, andAlteromonadaceae, showed a high frequency of being associated with Cd levels during 2 weeks. This study provides direct evidence that specific Cd-induced patterns in bacterioplankton communities exist in highly varying manipulated coastal systems. Future investigations on an ecosystem scale across longer temporal scales are needed to validate the observed pattern.

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