scholarly journals The Viable But Nonculturable State ofRalstonia solanacearum May Be Involved in Long-Term Survival and Plant Infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 3866-3872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Grey ◽  
Todd R. Steck
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Cupric Sulfate ◽  
Vbnc State ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Viable But Nonculturable ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Nonculturable State ◽  
Vbnc Bacteria

ABSTRACT The role of the dormant-like viable but nonculturable (VBNC) condition in the etiology of bacterial infection was examined using a plant system. The plant-pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum was first shown to enter into the VBNC state both in response to cupric sulfate when in a saline solution and when placed in autoclaved soil. To determine if the VBNC condition is related to pathogenesis, the physiological status of bacteria recovered from different regions of inoculated tomato plants was determined at different stages of infection. The fraction of in planta bacteria that were VBNC increased during infection and became greater than 99% by the late stage of disease. The possibility that soil-dwelling VBNC bacteria may resuscitate and infect plants was also examined. When tomato seeds were germinated in sterile soil that contained VBNC but no detectable culturable forms of R. solanacearumcells, resuscitation was observed to occur in soil adjacent to plant roots; these resuscitated bacteria were able to infect plants. This is the first report of R. solanacearum entering the VBNC state and of resuscitation of any VBNC plant-pathogenic bacteria and provides evidence that the VBNC state may be involved in explaining the persistent nature of some infections.

scholarly journals Viable but Nonculturable Bacteria: Food Safety and Public Health Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Fakruddin ◽  
Khanjada Shahnewaj Bin Mannan ◽  
Stewart Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Vbnc State ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Viable But Nonculturable ◽  
Vbnc Bacteria ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

The viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state is a unique survival strategy of many bacteria in the environment in response to adverse environmental conditions. VBNC bacteria cannot be cultured on routine microbiological media, but they remain viable and retain virulence. The VBNC bacteria can be resuscitated when provided with appropriate conditions. A good number of bacteria including many human pathogens have been reported to enter the VBNC state. Though there have been disputes on the existence of VBNC in the past, extensive molecular studies have resolved most of them, and VBNC has been accepted as a distinct survival state. VBNC pathogenic bacteria are considered a threat to public health and food safety due to their nondetectability through conventional food and water testing methods. A number of disease outbreaks have been reported where VBNC bacteria have been implicated as the causative agent. Further molecular and combinatorial research is needed to tackle the threat posed by VBNC bacteria with regard to public health and food safety.

scholarly journals Induction and Resuscitation of Viable but Nonculturable Corynebacterium diphtheriae

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Takashi Hamabata ◽  
Mitsutoshi Senoh ◽  
Masaaki Iwaki ◽  
Ayae Nishiyama ◽  
Akihiko Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Vbnc State ◽  
Viable But Nonculturable ◽  
Environmental Survival ◽  
Reverse Transcription Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Morphological Differences

Many pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae, can become viable but nonculturable (VBNC) following exposure to specific stress conditions. Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a known human pathogen causing diphtheria, has not previously been shown to enter the VBNC state. Here, we report that C. diphtheriae can become VBNC when exposed to low temperatures. Morphological differences in culturable and VBNC C. diphtheriae were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Culturable cells presented with a typical rod-shape, whereas VBNC cells showed a distorted shape with an expanded center. Cells could be transitioned from VBNC to culturable following treatment with catalase. This was further evaluated via RNA sequence-based transcriptomic analysis and reverse-transcription quantitative PCR of culturable, VBNC, and resuscitated VBNC cells following catalase treatment. As expected, many genes showed different behavior by resuscitation. The expression of both the diphtheria toxin and the repressor of diphtheria toxin genes remained largely unchanged under all four conditions (culturable, VBNC, VBNC after the addition of catalase, and resuscitated cells). This is the first study to demonstrate that C. diphtheriae can enter a VBNC state and that it can be rescued from this state via the addition of catalase. This study helps to expand our general understanding of VBNC, the pathogenicity of VBNC C. diphtheriae, and its environmental survival strategy.

scholarly journals Survival Strategy of Erwinia amylovora against Copper: Induction of the Viable-but-Nonculturable State

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 3482-3488 ◽  
Author(s):  
M�nica Ordax ◽  
Ester Marco-Noales ◽  
Mar�a M. L�pez ◽  
Elena G. Biosca
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Vbnc State ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Viable But Nonculturable ◽  
Cell Counts

ABSTRACT Copper compounds, widely used to control plant-pathogenic bacteria, have traditionally been employed against fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora. However, recent studies have shown that some phytopathogenic bacteria enter into the viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) state in the presence of copper. To determine whether copper kills E. amylovora or induces the VBNC state, a mineral medium without copper or supplemented with 0.005, 0.01, or 0.05 mM Cu2+ was inoculated with 107 CFU/ml of this bacterium and monitored over 9 months. Total and viable cell counts were determined by epifluorescence microscopy using the LIVE/DEAD kit and by flow cytometry with 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride and SYTO 13. Culturable cells were counted on King's B nonselective solid medium. Changes in the bacterial morphology in the presence of copper were observed by scanning electron microscopy. E. amylovora entered into the VBNC state at all three copper concentrations assayed, much faster when the copper concentration increased. The addition of different agents which complex copper allowed the resuscitation (restoration of culturability) of copper-induced VBNC cells. Finally, copper-induced VBNC cells were virulent only for the first 5 days, while resuscitated cells always regained their pathogenicity on immature fruits over 9 months. These results have shown, for the first time, the induction of the VBNC state in E. amylovora as a survival strategy against copper.

scholarly journals Vancomycin Resistance Is Maintained in Enterococci in the Viable but Nonculturable State and after Division Is Resumed

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1154-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria del Mar Lleò ◽  
Barbara Bonato ◽  
Caterina Signoretto ◽  
Pietro Canepari
Keyword(s):  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Vbnc State ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Viable But Nonculturable ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Nonculturable State ◽  
Resistance Trait ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Viable But Nonculturable State

ABSTRACT Stressed vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) can activate a survival strategy known as the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state and are able to maintain vancomycin resistance. During restoration of division they continue to express the vancomycin resistance trait. We suggest that VBNC enterococci may constitute further reservoirs of VRE and therefore represent an additional risk for human health.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Transition of Persistence toward the Viable but Nonculturable State during Stationary Phase Is Driven by Protein Aggregation

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselot Dewachter ◽  
Celien Bollen ◽  
Dorien Wilmaerts ◽  
Elen Louwagie ◽  
Pauline Herpels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Protein Aggregation ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Vbnc State ◽  
Viable But Nonculturable ◽  
Dynamic Transition ◽  
Nonculturable State ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Viable But Nonculturable State

While persistence and the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state are currently investigated in isolation, our results strongly indicate that these phenotypes represent different stages of the same dormancy program and that they should therefore be studied within the same conceptual framework. Moreover, we show here for the first time that the dynamics of protein aggregation perfectly match the onset and further development of bacterial dormancy and that different dormant phenotypes are linked to different stages of protein aggregation.

scholarly journals Induction of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium into the viable but nonculturable state following chlorination of wastewater

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Oliver ◽  
Maya Dagher ◽  
Karl Linden
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Vbnc State ◽  
Viable But Nonculturable ◽  
Nonculturable Cells ◽  
Nonculturable State

We examined the effects of chlorine disinfection on Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium in secondary-treated wastewater to determine whether such treatment might induce these bacteria into the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state. In this state, cells lose culturability but retain viability and the potential to revert to the metabolically active and infectious state. To examine the effects of chlorination on cells in different physiological states, cells from the logarithmic and stationary phases, or nutrient starved, or grown in natural wastewater, were studied. Isogenic cells with and without plasmids were also examined. Whereas a mixture of free and combined chlorine, as occurs under typical wastewater disinfection, was found to be rapidly lethal to most cells, regardless of their physiological state or plasmid content, c. 104 of the original 106 cells ml−1 did survive in the VBNC state. While we were not successful in resuscitating these cells to the culturable state, the presence of such nonculturable cells in treated wastewater offers a potential public health hazard.

scholarly journals Recovery in Embryonated Eggs of Viable but Nonculturable Campylobacter jejuni Cells and Maintenance of Ability To Adhere to HeLa Cells after Resuscitation

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 5154-5157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Cappelier ◽  
J. Minet ◽  
C. Magras ◽  
R. R. Colwell ◽  
M. Federighi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Vbnc State ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Viable But Nonculturable

ABSTRACT The existence of a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state has been described for Campylobacter jejuni as it had been for a number pathogenic bacteria. Three C. jejuni human isolates were suspended in surface water and subsequently entered the VBNC state. After starvation for 30 days, VBNC cells were inoculated in the yolk sacs of embryonated eggs. Culturable cells were detected in a large proportion of the embryonated eggs inoculated with VBNC C. jejuni cells. Recovered cells kept their adhesion properties.

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