scholarly journals Serological Cross-Reactivities between Antibodies to Simian Virus 40, BK Virus, and JC Virus Assessed by Virus-Like-Particle-Based Enzyme Immunoassays

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael P. Viscidi ◽  
Dana E. M. Rollison ◽  
Emma Viscidi ◽  
Barbara Clayman ◽  
Elizabeth Rubalcaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassays ◽  
Human Sera

ABSTRACT Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for detection of serum antibodies to simian virus 40 (SV40), BK virus (BKV), and JC virus (JCV) were developed by using virus-like-particles (VLPs) produced in insect cells from recombinant baculoviruses expressing the VP1 protein of the respective virus. Rhesus macaque sera with neutralizing antibodies to SV40 showed a high level of reactivity in the SV40 VLP-based EIA, and these sera also showed lower levels of reactivity in the BKV and JCV VLP-based EIAs. Rhesus macaque sera negative for neutralizing antibodies to SV40 were negative in all three EIAs. Competitive binding assays showed that SV40 VLPs inhibited BKV reactivity. In rhesus macaque sera, high optical density (OD) values for antibodies to SV40 VLPs were correlated with high OD values for antibodies to BKV but not with high OD values for antibodies to JCV VLPs. Human sera with neutralizing antibodies to SV40 were more reactive to SV40 VLPs than human sera without neutralizing antibodies to SV40. The greater SV40 reactivities of human sera were correlated with greater reactivities to BKV VLPs but not JCV VLPs. These data suggest that cross-reactivity with BKV antibodies may account for part of the low-level SV40 reactivity seen in human sera. With their greater versatility and their suitability for large-scale testing, the VLP-based EIAs for SV40, BKV, and JCV are likely to contribute to a better understanding of the biology of these viruses.

scholarly journals Development of a Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Detection of Human Polyomavirus BK

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Huei Huang ◽  
Kuan-Yi Yu ◽  
Shou-Ping Huang ◽  
Hui-Wen Chuang ◽  
Wen-Zhi Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Human Polyomavirus ◽  
Lateral Flow Immunoassay

The BK virus (BKV) is an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised individuals and widespread in the human population. Polymerase chain reaction is a simple and highly sensitive method for detecting BKV, but it is time consuming and requires expensive instruments and expert judgment. The lateral flow assay, a rapid, low-cost, minimal-labor, and easy-to-use diagnostic method, was successfully applied for pathogen detection. In this study, we used oligonucleotide probes to develop a simple and rapid sandwich-type lateral flow immunoassay for detecting BKV DNA within 45 minutes. The detection limit for the synthetic single-stranded DNA was 5 nM. The specificity study showed no cross-reactivity with other polyomaviruses, such as JC virus and simian virus 40. For the Escherichia coli containing BKV plasmid cultured samples, the sensitivity was determined to be 107 copies/mL. The approach offers great potential for BKV detection of various target analytes in point-of-care settings.

scholarly journals Identification of species-specific and cross-reactive epitopes in human polyomavirus capsids using monoclonal antibodies

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parmjeet Randhawa ◽  
Raphael Viscidi ◽  
Joseph J. Carter ◽  
Denise A. Galloway ◽  
Tim D. Culp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Human Polyomavirus ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Species Specific

The human antibody response to polyomavirus capsid proteins is not well characterized. Recombinant BK virus (BKV), JC virus (JCV) and simian virus 40 (SV40) virus-like particles (VLP) were produced in a baculovirus system, and mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to these proteins were generated using standard methods. Nine of 12 BKV mAbs showed neutralizing activity. The non-neutralizing antibodies also bound BKV pseudocapsids in an ELISA binding assay. Most antibodies recognized conformational species-specific epitopes, but several exceptions were found: (i) BKV mAb BK-F11 cross-reacted with a linear buried epitope common to both JCV and SV40 pseudocapsids, (ii) two of six JCV antibodies (JC-6.7 and JC-7.9) and two of 13 SV40 antibodies (VP1-H2 and VP1-I2) recognized linear buried epitopes common to all three viruses and (iii) SV40 antibody VP1-E5 recognized a linear surface epitope on JCV pseudocapsids.

BK Virus, JC Virus and Simian Virus 40 Infection in Humans, and Association with Human Tumors

2007 ◽  
pp. 319-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Barbanti-Brodano ◽  
Silvia Sabbioni ◽  
Fernanda Martini ◽  
Massimo Negrini ◽  
Alfredo Corallini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jc Virus ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Human Tumors

scholarly journals Prevalence and stability of human serum antibodies to simian virus 40 VP1 virus-like particles

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1703-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Lundstig ◽  
Linda Eliasson ◽  
Matti Lehtinen ◽  
Kestutis Sasnauskas ◽  
Pentti Koskela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jc Virus ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Sv40 Dna ◽  
Over Time

Possible human infection with simian virus 40 (SV40) has been of great concern ever since SV40 was discovered in polio vaccines. Human populations are SV40-seropositive, but because of serological cross-reactivity between SV40 and the human polyomaviruses BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV), it is debatable whether these antibodies are specific. An SV40-specific serological assay was established, based on purified virus-like particles (VLPs), where the SV40 VLPs were blocked with hyperimmune sera to BKV and JCV. Competition with SV40 hyperimmune sera was used as a confirmatory test. Among 288 Swedish children of between 1 and 13 years of age, 7·6 % had SV40-specific antibodies. SV40 seroprevalence reached a peak of 14 % at 7–9 years of age. Among 100 control patients with benign tumours, 9 % were SV40-seropositive. However, SV40 DNA was not detectable in corresponding buffy-coat samples. In serial samples taken up to 5 years apart from 141 Finnish women participating in the population-based serological screening for congenital infections, only two of 141 women were SV40-seropositive in both samples. Six women seroconverted and eight women had a loss of antibodies over time. None of the SV40-seropositive samples contained detectable SV40 DNA. In conclusion, there is a low prevalence of SV40-specific antibodies in the Nordic population. The SV40 antibodies appear to have a low stability over time and their origin is not clear.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibody Titers Determined by Hemagglutination Inhibition and Enzyme Immunoassay for JC Virus and BK Virus

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
R. S. Hamilton ◽  
M. Gravell ◽  
E. O. Major
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Antibody Titers

ABSTRACT A comparison of antibody titers to JC virus (JCV) or BK virus (BKV) was made by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with 114 human plasma samples. Antibody titers to JCV or BKV determined by HI were lower than those determined by EIA. Nevertheless, as HI titers increased so did EIA titers. When antibody data were compared by the Spearman rank correlation test, highly significant correlations were found between HI and EIA titers. Results obtained by plotting EIA antibody titers for JCV against those for BKV generally showed a reciprocal relationship, i.e., samples with high antibody titers to JCV had lower antibody titers to BKV and vice versa. Some samples, however, had antibody titers to both viruses. Of the samples tested, 25.4% (25 of 114) had HI and EIA antibody titers to JCV and BKV which were identical or closely related. This is not the scenario one would expect for cross-reactive epitopes shared by the two viruses, but one suggesting that these samples were from individuals who had experienced infections by both viruses. Adsorption with concentrated JCV or BKV antigen of sera with high antibody titers to both JCV and BKV and testing by JCV and BKV EIA gave results which support this conclusion. Although 52.6% (51 of 97) of the samples from the Japanese population tested had very high antibody titers (≥40,960) to either JCV or BKV, none of the samples were found by a dot blot immunoassay to have antibodies which cross-reacted with simian virus 40. The results from this study, in agreement with those of others, suggest that humans infected by JCV or BKV produce antibodies to species-specific epitopes on their VP1 capsid protein, which is associated with hemagglutination and cellular binding.

scholarly journals Archetype JC Virus Efficiently Replicates in COS-7 Cells, Simian Cells Constitutively Expressing Simian Virus 40 T Antigen

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 5335-5342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Hara ◽  
Chie Sugimoto ◽  
Tadaichi Kitamura ◽  
Naoto Aoki ◽  
Fumiaki Taguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Sv40 T Antigen ◽  
Hemagglutination Assay ◽  
Viral Culture ◽  
Defective Mutant

ABSTRACT JC polyomavirus (JCV), the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), is ubiquitous in humans, infecting children asymptomatically and then persisting in the kidney. Renal JCV is not latent but replicates to excrete progeny in the urine. The renal-urinary JCV DNAs carry the archetype regulatory region that generates various rearranged regulatory regions occurring in JCVs derived from the brains of PML patients. Tissue cultures that support the efficient growth of archetype JCV have not been reported. We studied whether archetype JCV could replicate in COS-7 cells, simian cells transformed with an origin-defective mutant of simian virus 40 (SV40). Efficient JCV replication, as detected by a hemagglutination assay, was observed in cultures transfected with five of the six archetype DNAs. The progeny JCVs could be passaged to fresh COS-7 cells. However, when the parental cells of COS-7 not expressing T antigen were transfected with archetype JCV DNAs, no viral replication was detected, indicating that SV40 T antigen is essential for the growth of JCV in COS-7 cells. The archetype regulatory region was conserved during viral growth in COS-7 cells, although a small proportion of JCV DNAs underwent rearrangements outside the regulatory region. We then attempted to recover archetype JCV from urine by viral culture in COS-7 cells. Efficient JCV production was observed in COS-7 cells infected with five of the six JCV-positive urine samples examined. Thus, COS-7 cells should be of use not only for the production of archetype JCV on a large scale but also for the isolation of archetype JCV from urine.

Failure to detect papovavirus-associated T antigens in human brain tumor cells by anticomplement immunofluorescence

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Kosaka ◽  
Yoshinori Sano ◽  
Yasuhiko Matsukado ◽  
Takeshi Sairenji ◽  
Yorio Hinuma
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Tumor Promoter ◽  
Human Brain Tumor

✓ To probe the possible presence of papovavirus-related T antigen(s) in human brain tumors, the imprinted or cultured cells at various passage levels were examined by anticomplement immunofluorescence using antisera to T antigen of each BK virus, JC virus, and simian virus 40. No T antigen was demonstrated in any tests with cells derived from 69 patients with various brain tumors. Twenty-two tumor cell strains cultured in the presence of a tumor promoter, phorbol ester, also failed to show the T antigen.

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