scholarly journals Low CD4+ T-Lymphocyte Values in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative Adults in Botswana

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 930-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Bussmann ◽  
C. William Wester ◽  
Kereng V. Masupu ◽  
Trevor Peter ◽  
Sarah M. Gaolekwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
African Country ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Negative

ABSTRACT CD4+-lymphocyte counts (LCs) play a crucial role in the management and monitoring of HIV infection. Variability in CD4+ LCs has been reported to occur as a result of measurement techniques and/or biological variations. We report on the CD4+ LCs of healthy human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative adults in Botswana. Samples were obtained from HIV-seronegative blood donors. The median CD4+ LC was 726 cells/mm3 (for females, 782 cells/mm3; for males, 698 cells/mm3). The median CD8+ LC was 488 cells/mm3 (for females, 494 cells/mm3; for males, 485 cells/mm3). The median CD4+-to-CD8+ ratio was 1.57 (for females, 1.66; for males, 1.51). Our findings of low CD4+ LCs among HIV-negative adults in Botswana are significant and have important implications for the management of HIV disease in the population of this sub-Saharan African country.

scholarly journals Differential Narrow Focusing of Immunodominant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Gag-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses in Infected African and Caucasoid Adults and Children

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 5679-5690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. R. Goulder ◽  
C. Brander ◽  
K. Annamalai ◽  
N. Mngqundaniso ◽  
U. Govender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Ctl Epitopes ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Clade B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clade C ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Sub Saharan

ABSTRACT Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity plays a central role in control of viral replication and in determining outcome in cases of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Incorporation of important CTL epitope sequences into candidate vaccines is, therefore, vital. Most CTL studies have focused upon small numbers of adult Caucasoid subjects infected with clade-B virus, whereas the global epidemic is most severe in sub-Saharan African populations and predominantly involves clade-C infection in both adults and children. In this study, sensitive enzyme-linked immunospot (elispot) assays have been utilized to identify the dominant Gag-specific CTL epitopes targeted by adults and children infected with clade-B or -C virus. Cohorts evaluated included 44 B-clade-infected Caucasoid American and African American adults and children and 37 C-clade-infected African adults and children from Durban, South Africa. The results show that 3 out of 46 peptides spanning p17Gag and p24Gagsequences tested contain two-thirds of the dominant Gag-specific epitopes, irrespective of the clade, ethnicity, or age group studied. However, there were distinctive differences between the dominant responses made by Caucasoids and Africans. Dominant responses in Caucasoids were more often within p17Gag peptide residues 16 to 30 (38 versus 12%; P < 0.01), while p24Gag peptide residues 41 to 60 contained the dominant Gag epitope more often in the African subjects tested (39 versus 4%;P < 0.005). Within this 20-mer p24Gag, an epitope presented by both B42 and B81 is defined which represents the dominant Gag response in >30% of the total infected population in Durban. This epitope is closely homologous with dominant HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus Gag-specific CTL epitopes. The fine focusing of dominant CTL responses to these few regions of high immunogenicity is of significance to vaccine design.

scholarly journals High Human Herpesvirus 8 Seroprevalence in the Homosexual Population in Switzerland

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1784-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Regamey ◽  
Gieri Cathomas ◽  
Martine Schwager ◽  
Marion Wernli ◽  
Thomas Harr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Swiss Population ◽  
Hiv Negative

The seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in the Swiss population was investigated. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, sera reactive to the recombinant HHV-8 antigen orf 65.2 were found in 24% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients without and in 92% of HIV-positive patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma. Surprisingly, 20% of homosexual HIV-negative men, versus only 7% of heterosexual HIV-negative individuals and 5% of blood donors, had antibodies to HHV-8.

scholarly journals Disseminated Cryptococcosis in an HIV-negative patient in South Africa: the elusive differential diagnosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (08) ◽  
pp. 526-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mitha ◽  
Preneshni Naicker ◽  
Prakash Mahida
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Negative Patient ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Negative

The presence of an opportunistic infection in a patient in sub-Saharan Africa is assumed to be due to underlying immunosuppression from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The presence of disseminated cryptococcosis in a non-HIV-infected patient is interesting as it is unique in our setting because the majority of infections are found in HIV-infected individuals. The protean manifestations of the disease and its predilection for immunosuppressed patients make cryptococcosis a challenging and elusive disease to diagnose in HIV-negative patients in our setting, especially due to limited resources. We present a case of disseminated cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent patient and discuss diagnostic and therapeutic features in this subset of patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a New Single-Parameter Volumetric Flow Cytometer (CyFlowgreen) for Enumeration of Absolute CD4+ T Lymphocytes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Thai Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1416-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kovit Pattanapanyasat ◽  
Surada Lerdwana ◽  
Egarit Noulsri ◽  
Thanyanan Chaowanachan ◽  
Punneeporn Wasinrapee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Flow Cytometer ◽  
Single Parameter ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Flow Cytometric Method ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT Use of the standard dual-platform flow cytometric method for determination of CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, which needs both a flow cytometer (FCM) and hematological analyzer, would inevitably lead to increased variability. The development of new single-platform (SP) FCMs that provide direct CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts for improved assay precision and accuracy have recently attracted attention. This study evaluated one of those systems, CyFlowgreen (Partec), a single-parameter SP volumetric FCM. The performance of CyFlowgreen was compared with those of two reference standard SP microbead-based technologies of the three-color TruCOUNT tube with the FACScan FCM and a two-color FACSCount system (Becton Dickinson Biosciences). Absolute CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts in 200 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive blood specimens were determined. Statistical analysis for correlation and agreement were performed. A high correlation of absolute CD4 counts was shown when those obtained with CyFlowgreen were compared with those obtained with the bead-based three-color TruCOUNT system (R 2 = 0.96; mean bias, −69.1 cells/μl; 95% confidence interval [CI], −225.7 to +87.5 cells/μl) and the FACSCount system (R 2 = 0.97; mean bias, −40.0 cells/μl; 95% CI, −165.1 to +85.1 cells/μl). The correlation of the CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts obtained by the two bead-based systems was high (R 2 = 0.98). Interestingly, CyFlowgreen yielded CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts that were 21.8 and 7.2 cells/μl lower than those obtained with the TruCOUNT and the FACSCount systems, respectively, when CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts were <250 CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts/μl range or 17.3 and 5.8 cells/μl less, respectively, when CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts were <200 cells/μl. The single-parameter CyFlowgreen volumetric technology performed well in comparison with the performance of the standard SP bead-based FCM system. However, a multicenter comparative study is needed before this FCM machine is implemented in resource-limited settings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document