scholarly journals Assignment of Weight-Based Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2 Units in Antipneumococcal Reference Serum Lot 89-S(F) for Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Serotypes 1, 4, 5, 7F, 9V, and 18C

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Sikkema ◽  
Nancy A. Ziembiec ◽  
Thomas R. Jones ◽  
Stephen W. Hildreth ◽  
Dace V. Madore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Standardization Method ◽  
Igg2 Antibody ◽  
Reference Serum

ABSTRACT Weight-based assignments for immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2 subclass antibodies to Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides (PnPs) in antipneumococcal standard reference serum lot 89-S (lot 89-S), also known as lot 89-SF, have been determined for serotypes 1, 4, 5, 7F, 9V, and 18C. This extends the usefulness of lot 89-S beyond the IgG1 and IgG2 subclass assignments for serotypes 3, 6B, 14, 19F, and 23F made previously (A. Soininen, H. Kayhty, I. Seppala, and T. Wuorimaa, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 5:561-566, 1998) to cover 11 major serotypes associated with the highest percentage of pneumococcal disease worldwide. A method of equivalence of absorbances in enzyme immunosorbent assays was used to determine the IgG1 and IgG2 antibody concentrations for the additional serotypes in lot 89-S, based on the subclass values previously assigned for PnPs serotypes 6B, 14, and 23F. This cross-standardization method assures consistency with previous antibody assignments in that reference serum. The newly assigned subclass values for serotype 9V, and previously assigned values for serotype 14, were used to quantitate PnPs antibodies in sera from adult and pediatric subjects immunized with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. There was a predominance of IgG1 anti-PnPs antibodies in pediatric sera and IgG2 anti-PnPs antibodies in the adult sera. The IgG1 and IgG2 subclass assignments for the 11 PnPs serotypes in antipneumococcal standard reference serum lot 89-S are useful for quantitating and characterizing immune responses to pneumococcal infection and vaccination regimens.

scholarly journals Prediction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Effectiveness against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Using Opsonophagocytic Activity and Antibody Concentrations Determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with 22F Adsorption

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2161-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Schuerman ◽  
J. Wysocki ◽  
J. C. Tejedor ◽  
M. Knuf ◽  
K.-H. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Post Dose

ABSTRACTWe compared the abilities of two serological readouts, antipolysaccharide IgG antibody concentrations and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers, to predict the clinical effectiveness of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vCRM) against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We also assessed the accuracy of the previously established thresholds for GlaxoSmithKline's enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with 22F adsorption (22F-ELISA) (≥0.2 μg/ml) and OPA assay (titer, ≥8) in predicting effectiveness. We showed that following a 3-dose 7vCRM primary vaccination, the serological response rates as determined using thresholds of ≥0.2 μg/ml IgG and an OPA titer of ≥8 corresponded well with overall effectiveness against IPD. In addition, the OPA assay seemed to better predict serotype-specific effectiveness than enzyme-linked immunoassay. Finally, when applied to post-dose-2 immune responses, both thresholds also corresponded well with the overall IPD effectiveness following a 2-dose 7vCRM primary vaccination. These results support the importance of the OPA assay in evaluating immune responses to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.

scholarly journals Invasive and Noninvasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Capsule and Surface Protein Diversity following the Use of a Conjugate Vaccine

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1711-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Croney ◽  
Moon H. Nahm ◽  
Steven K. Juhn ◽  
David E. Briles ◽  
Marilyn J. Crain
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protein Diversity ◽  
Potential Efficacy

ABSTRACTThe 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced in the United States in 2010 for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and otitis media. While many studies have reported its potential efficacy for IPD, not much is known about the epidemiology of noninvasive disease following its introduction. We characterized the capsular types and surface protein genes of noninvasive pediatric pneumococcal isolates collected between 2002 and 2010 (n= 1,058) at Children's of Alabama following the introduction of PCV7 and tested a subset of noninvasive and previously characterized IPD isolates for the presence of thepspA,pspC, andrrgCgenes, which encode protection-eliciting proteins. PCV7 serotypes had dramatically decreased by 2010 (P< 0.0001), and only 50% of all noninvasive infections were caused by the PCV13 capsular serotypes. Serotype 19A accounted for 32% of the noninvasive isolates, followed by serotypes 35B (9%), 19F (7%), and 6C (6%). After 7 years of PCV7 usage, there were no changes in the frequencies of thepspAorpspCgenes; 96% of the strains were positive for family 1 or 2pspAgenes, and 81% were also positive forpspC. Unexpectedly, more noninvasive than invasive strains were positive forrrgC(P< 0.0001), and the proportion ofrrgC-positive strains in 2008 to 2010 was greater than that in 2002 to 2008 (IPD,P< 0.02; noninvasive,P< 0.001). Serotypes 19F, 19A, and 35B were more frequentlyrrgCpositive (P< 0.005) than other serotypes. A vaccine containing antigens, such as PspA, PspC, and/or RrgC, can provide coverage against most non-PCV13-type pneumococci. Continued surveillance is critical for optimal future vaccine development.

scholarly journals Gram-Positive Diplococci in a Cerebrospinal Fluid Gram Stain

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer P. Collins ◽  
Lars F. Westblade ◽  
Evan J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Clear Area

Abstract A 5-month-old girl presented with meningitis after receiving amoxicillin for bilateral otitis media. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Gram stain suggested Streptococcus pneumoniae: Gram-positive diplococci with a surrounding clear area indicative of a bacterial capsule. Her CSF and blood cultures grew penicillin-resistant S pneumoniae serotype 35B. This serotype is not included in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) and has been identified as a cause of invasive pneumococcal disease in the post-PCV-13 era.

scholarly journals Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Latvia in PCV10 Vaccination Era, 2012–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Savrasova ◽  
Angelika Krumina ◽  
Hedija Cupeca ◽  
Indra Zeltina ◽  
Anita Villerusha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Vaccine Serotypes ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Chi2 Test

In 2010 in Latvia, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) became a cause for concern and vaccination of infants with four doses of 7–valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) commenced. In 2012, 10–valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) (three doses at 2, 4, and 12–15 month of age) vaccination was introduced. We described incidence and serotype distribution of IPD in Latvia and investigated serotypes associated with death from IPD based on surveillance data. Adult vaccination against pneumococcal infection is not included in the national immunization program. Laboratory confirmed IPD cases are passively notified to the Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia (CDPC) by laboratories and clinicians. We calculated incidence by age, sex, case fatality, and trend in serotypes by conducting a retrospective population-based cross-sectional study based on national IPD surveillance data. From 2012 to 2018 466 cases of IPD were reported. The highest notified incidence was in 2015 at 4.4/100,000, which fell to 3.9 in 2018. The highest mean annual IPD incidence was in infants (4.8) and in the elderly (6.0). PCV10 vaccine serotypes were the most prevalent in IPD cases up to 2015 with a decreasing trend from 50% (20/40) in 2012 to 19% (14/74) in 2018 (chi2 test for trend of odds = 0.000). PCV23nonPCV13 vaccine serotypes had an increasing trend and rose from 18% (7/40) to 34% (25/74) (chi2 test for trend of odds = 0.000). Non-Vaccine serotypes had an increasing trend and rose from 13% (5/40) to 27% (20/74) (chi2 test for trend of odds = 0.038). Reported total case fatality was 19% (87/466). The highest, at 36% (20/56), was reported in 2013. After adjusting for age, Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 was associated with death from IPD (adjusted OR 2.3 95%CI 1.25–4.12 p 0.007). Surveillance data indicate evidence of serotype replacement with an increasing trend of serotype 19A and PPV23nonPCV13 and Non-Vaccine serotypes. Serotype 3 and age were associated with fatal IPD outcome. Further studies of S. pneumoniae carriage would be useful in providing more evidence to characterize serotypes' circulation.

scholarly journals The Relevance of Vaccination against Pneumococcal Disease to the Child Population of Krasnoyarsk

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Martynova ◽  
I. A. Kutischeva ◽  
Ya. A. Bogvilene ◽  
I. A. Soloveva ◽  
N. F. Kuznetsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Child Population ◽  
Brain Substance

The paper presents evidence of the relevance of pneumococcal infection (PI) in children of Krasnoyarsk. The most severe form of PI is pneumococcal meningitis that characterizes by lesion of not only meninges but brain substance, extreme severity, long-term nonsmooth flow with the development of complications that threaten a patient's life. The inclusion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the planned childhood immunization scheme will significantly reduce the severity of these diseases.

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