See breeze like cloud-free zones during Monsoon months

Characteristic features of district cloud-free zones and their day to day evolution along Indian coasts as observed in INSAT cloud imageries during southwest monsoon months have been analysed and discussed along with sea surface and surface air temperatures and monsoon condition situation. It was a weak or break monsoon condition. Appearance of early morning clear zone just off shore along Indian Peninsula coasts is attributed to the gradual lowering of sea surface temperate due to upwelling caused by persistent favorable surface wind and slow-setting of air above colder water. With the advance of the day, wide extension of clear area over water where it ends abruptly and propagation of front-like zone inland manifest as a typical sea breeze. It is postulated that this is the effect of sea breeze circulation and shrinking of air above colder water. It is inferred that time-to-time appearance of such phenomenon may be an Indication of longer weak or break monsoon over the Peninsula.

Bacteraemia variation during the COVID-19 pandemic; a multi-centre UK secondary care ecological analysis

Background We investigated for change in blood stream infections (BSI) with Enterobacterales, coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus during the first UK wave of SARS-CoV-2 across five London hospitals. Methods A retrospective multicentre ecological analysis was undertaken evaluating all blood cultures taken from adults from 01 April 2017 to 30 April 2020 across five acute hospitals in London. Linear trend analysis and ARIMA models allowing for seasonality were used to look for significant variation. Results One hundred nineteen thousand five hundred eighty-four blood cultures were included. At the height of the UK SARS-CoV-2 first wave in April 2020, Enterobacterales bacteraemias were at an historic low across two London trusts (63/3814, 1.65%), whilst all CoNS BSI were at an historic high (173/3814, 4.25%). This differed significantly for both Enterobacterales (p = 0.013), CoNS central line associated BSIs (CLABSI) (p < 0.01) and CoNS non-CLABSI (p < 0.01), when compared with prior periods, even allowing for seasonal variation. S. pneumoniae (p = 0.631) and S. aureus (p = 0.617) BSI did not vary significant throughout the study period. Conclusions Significantly fewer than expected Enterobacterales BSI occurred during the UK peak of the COVID-19 pandemic; identifying potential causes, including potential unintended consequences of national self-isolation public health messaging, is essential. High rates of CoNS BSI, with evidence of increased CLABSI, but also likely contamination associated with increased use of personal protective equipment, may result in inappropriate antimicrobial use and indicates a clear area for intervention during further waves.

Bacteraemia Variation During The COVID-19 Pandemic; A Multi-Centre UK Secondary Care Ecological Analysis.

Objectives – We investigated for change in blood stream infections (BSI) with Enterobacterales, coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus during the first UK wave of SARS-CoV-2 across six London hospitals.Methods – A retrospective multicentre ecological analysis was undertaken evaluating all blood cultures taken from adults from 01 April 2017 to 30 April 2020 across six acute hospitals in London. Linear trend analysis and ARIMA models allowing for seasonality were used to look for significant variation.Results –119,584 blood cultures were included. At the height of the UK SARS-CoV-2 first wave in April 2020, Enterobacterales bacteraemias were at an historic low across two London trusts (63/3814, 1.65%), whilst CoNS were at an historic high (173/3814, 4.25%). This differed significantly for both Enterobacterales (p=0.013) and CoNS (p<0.01), when compared with prior periods, even allowing for seasonal variation. S. pneumoniae (p=0.631) and S. aureus (p=0.617) BSI did not vary significant throughout the study period.Conclusions – Significantly fewer than expected Enterobacteriales BSI occurred during the UK peak of the COVID-19 pandemic; identifying potential causes, including potential unintended consequences of national self-isolation public health messaging, is essential. High rates of CoNS BSI, presumably representing contamination associated with increased use of personal protective equipment, may result in inappropriate antimicrobial use and indicates a clear area for intervention during further waves.

A new species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio de Contas basin, Bahia, Brazil

ABSTRACT A new species of Astyanax from tributaries of the rio de Contas, Bahia, Brazil, is described. The new species differs from congeners by having three horizontal series of scales from lateral line to pelvic-fin origin and the distal margin of third infraorbital distinctly separated from vertical and horizontal limbs of preopercle, leaving a broad area not covered by superficial bones. The new species further differs from most congeners by the presence of bony hooks on all fins of mature males. Particularly from congeners occurring in rivers of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion, it further differs by having the highest body depth just anterior to the dorsal-fin origin, 34-37 pored lateral line scales, a vertically elongated conspicuous dark humeral blotch reaching below the lateral line and a conspicuous dark wide midlateral stripe extending from the clear area on the rear of the humeral blotch to the end of middle caudal-fin rays and forming an inconspicuous blotch on caudal peduncle.

Framing fatherhood: the ethics and philosophy of researching fatherhoods

This chapter offers a reflection on some of the interconnected philosophical, ethical and methodological challenges that have arisen in the research on fatherhood and in response to scholarly engagements with fatherhood research. The case for research funding may be easier to make if the proposed research addresses a clear area of need and/or addresses issues in vulnerable populations. If there is resistance to fatherhood research, then, it is potentially influenced by the idea that fathers, as men, are already relatively advantaged, both socially and economically — and research that benefits an already advantaged group may be less important than research that benefits a more disadvantaged group. This depends, however, on who the putative beneficiaries of fatherhood research are.

A Minimum Cloud Cover Mosaic Image Model of the Operational Land Imager Landsat-8 Multitemporal Data using Tile based

<p>The need for remote sensing minimum cloud cover or cloud free mosaic images is now increasing in line with the increased of national development activities based on one map policy. However, the continuity and availability of cloud and haze free remote sensing data for the purpose of monitoring the natural resources are still low. This paper presents a model of medium resolution remote sensing data processing of Landsat-8 uses a new approach called mosaic tile based model (MTB), which is developed from the mosaic pixel based model (MPB) algorithm, to obtain an annual multitemporal mosaic image with minimum cloud cover mosaic imageries. The MTB model is an approach constructed from a set of pixels (called tiles) considering the image quality that is extracted from cloud and haze free areas, vegetation coverage, and open land coverage of multitemporal imageries. The data used in the model are from Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) covering 10 scenes area, with 2.5 years recording period from June 2015 to June 2017; covered Riau, West Sumatra and North Sumatra Provinces. The MTB model is examined with tile size of 0.1 degrees (11x11 km2), 0.05 degrees (5.5x5.5 km2), and 0.02 degrees (2.2x2.2 km2). The result of the analysis shows that the smallest tile size 0.02 gives the best result in terms of minimum cloud cover and haze (or named clear area). The comparison of clear area values to cloud cover and haze for three years (2015, 2016 and 2017) for the three mosaic images of MTB are 68.2%, 78.8%, and 86.4%, respectively.</p>

Gram-Positive Diplococci in a Cerebrospinal Fluid Gram Stain

A 5-month-old girl presented with meningitis after receiving amoxicillin for bilateral otitis media. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Gram stain suggested Streptococcus pneumoniae: Gram-positive diplococci with a surrounding clear area indicative of a bacterial capsule. Her CSF and blood cultures grew penicillin-resistant S pneumoniae serotype 35B. This serotype is not included in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) and has been identified as a cause of invasive pneumococcal disease in the post-PCV-13 era.

A Multi-Focus Image Fusion Based on Wavelet and Block-Dividing

The traditional fusion rules of multi-focus image are largely centered on the fusion rule of high frequency coefficients, and those rules are all based on single pixel. Which leads to serious ringing effect, and reduces the visual effect of fusion image. The energy of an image is concentrated in the low frequency part after Wavelet Transform, and multi-focus image has the characteristic that the vast majority of adjacent pixels are either the clear area, or the blur area. Based on the above analysis, a new fusion method to multi-focus image is presented in this paper. The simulation results show that the proposed method is more feasible than common methods in processing multi-focus image.

ANALISIS KETAHANAN PANGAN MELALUI PEMODELAN USAHA TANI SINGKONG

aim this research are i) description analyze of cassava distribution optimalisize and useful analyze ‘berusahatani’ of cassava at Malang regency. The Method by using qualitative description approach. The research result shows that: (i) Malang Regency unreach optimally result because of unbalance. It means still occur over and less of production supply and demand of cassava. (ii) empowering farmer family, by using clear area which get social, economic, healthy and culture advantage. Planting cassava in the clear area rises awareness that using land area well will avoid of useless activity. Beside of that by using clear land can minimalize plant desease cause of rat. According the local society, by that way the rat will feel happy and comforted (‘keslimur’: javanese). These result of research can be recommended that culture of planting cassava is so significant to support of food guard in this country.