scholarly journals Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection at the Time of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Vaccination Has No Impact on Vaccine Efficacy

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1940-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sinha ◽  
H. G. Shen ◽  
S. Schalk ◽  
N. M. Beach ◽  
Y. W. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Pcv2 Vaccine ◽  
Pcv2 Vaccination ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Several porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccines are now commercially available and have been shown to be effective at decreasing the occurrence of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). Many herds are coinfected with PCV2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Some producers and veterinarians are concerned that if pigs are vaccinated for PCV2 at or near the time that they are typically infected with PRRSV, the efficacy of the PCV2 vaccine will be compromised. The impact of PRRSV on PCV2 vaccination is unclear and has not been investigated under controlled conditions. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the presence of PRRSV viremia has an effect on the efficacy of commercial PCV2 vaccinations. Three-week-old PCV2-negative conventional pigs with passively derived anti-PCV2 antibodies were either vaccinated with one of three commercial PCV2 vaccines or left nonvaccinated. A portion of the pigs were infected with PRRSV 1 week prior to PCV2 vaccination. To determine vaccine efficacy, a PCV2 challenge was conducted at 8 weeks of age. PCV2 vaccination, regardless of PRRSV infection status at the time of vaccination, was similarly effective in inducing an anti-PCV2 IgG response in the presence of maternally derived immunity and in protecting the pigs from PCV2 challenge, as determined by a reduction in the level of PCV2 viremia and a reduction in the prevalence and amount of PCV2 antigen in lymphoid tissues in vaccinated pigs compared to nonvaccinated pigs. The results indicate that acute PRRSV infection at the time of PCV2 vaccination has no adverse effect on PCV2 vaccine efficacy.

scholarly journals A Live-Attenuated Chimeric Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Vaccine Is Transmitted to Contact Pigs but Is Not Upregulated by Concurrent Infection with Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) and Is Efficacious in a PCV2b-PRRSV-PPV Challenge Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1261-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Opriessnig ◽  
H. G. Shen ◽  
N. Pal ◽  
S. Ramamoorthy ◽  
Y. W. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Porcine Parvovirus ◽  
Concurrent Infection ◽  
Pcv2 Vaccine

ABSTRACTThe live chimeric porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine with the capsid gene of the emerging subtype 2b cloned in the genomic backbone of the nonpathogenic PCV1 is attenuatedin vivoand induces protective immunity against PCV2. To further determine the safety and efficacy of this experimental vaccine, we tested for evidence of pig-to-pig transmission by commingling nonvaccinated and vaccinated pigs, determined potential upregulation by simultaneous vaccination and infection with porcine parvovirus (PPV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and determined vaccine efficacy by challenging pigs 4 weeks after vaccination with PCV2b, PRRSV, and PPV. Forty-six 21-day-old, PCV2-naïve pigs were randomly assigned to one of six groups. Twenty-nine of 46 pigs were challenged with PCV2b, PRRSV, and PPV at day 28, 8/46 remained nonvaccinated and nonchallenged and served as negative controls, and 9/46 remained nonchallenged and served as vaccination controls. All animals were necropsied at day 49. PCV1-PCV2 viremia was detected in nonvaccinated contact pigs commingled with vaccinated pigs, indicating pig-to-pig transmission; however, PCV1-PCV2 DNA levels remained low in all vaccinated and contact pigs regardless of concurrent infection. Finally, vaccination 28 days before challenge resulted in significantly (P< 0.05) decreased amounts of PCV2 in tissues and sera and significantly (P< 0.05) reduced macroscopic and microscopic lesions. The results of this study indicate that the experimental live-attenuated chimeric PCV2 vaccine, although transmissible to contact pigs, remains attenuated in pigs concurrently infected with PRRSV and PPV and induces protective immunity against PCV2b when it is administered 28 days before PCV2 exposure.

scholarly journals Vaccination of Sows against Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) in a Subclinically Infected Herd Does Not Impact Reproductive Performance

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Piotr Cybulski ◽  
Aleksandra Woźniak ◽  
Katarzyna Podgórska ◽  
Tomasz Stadejek
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Infected Herd ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Pcv2 Vaccination ◽  
The Impact

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccination in piglets has become one of the crucial and indisputable procedures in modern swine production. The role of PCV2 vaccination in breeding animals is less explored. In the present study, the evaluation of the impact of sow vaccination on reproductive parameters was performed in a high health status, PCV2 subclinically infected herd of 3200 sows. The comparison of the number of liveborn, stillborn, and weak born piglets between groups of sows vaccinated on 1 or 28 days after weaning, or nonvaccinated, did not show any statistically significant differences. Although in the tested farm the vaccination of sows appeared to have no effect on reproductive performance, the results should not be generalized. Careful and individualized analysis of diagnostic and production data is crucial in economizing infectious disease control programs in sow herds and pig populations.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Virulence of Three Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Genotypes (a, b, and d) in Pigs Singularly Inoculated with PCV2 and Dually Inoculated with PCV2 and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Jeongmin Suh ◽  
Taehwan Oh ◽  
Keehwan Park ◽  
Siyeon Yang ◽  
Hyejean Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lesion Severity ◽  
Severe Lung

The aim of this study was to compare the virulence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) genotypes in dually inoculated pigs with both three genotypes (a, b, and d) of PCV2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-2 (PRRSV-2) versus pigs singularly inoculated with the same three PCV2 genotypes (a, b, and d). Differences in this comparison were found in PCV2 viremia levels, lung and lymphoid lesion severity, and the amount of PCV2 antigen within the lymphoid lesions. Regardless of PCV2 genotypes, pigs that were dually inoculated with PCV2/PRRSV had significantly higher clinical scores, less average daily weight gain, higher levels of PCV2 viremia, and more severe lug and lymphoid lesions compared to pigs singularly inoculated with PCV2. Among the dually infected pig groups, pigs infected with PCV2d/PRRSV-2 had significantly higher levels of PCV2 viremia, more severe lung and lymphoid lesions, and more PCV2-positive cells within lymphoid lesions compared to pigs dually inoculated with PCV2a/PRRSV-2 and PCV2b/PRRSV-2. The results of this study demonstrated significant differences in the virulence among dual inoculation of PCV2a/PRRSV-2, PCV2b/PRRSV-2, and PCV2d/PRRSV-2. A significant difference in the virulence among PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d single-inoculated pig groups was not found with respect to the levels of PCV2 viremia and production of PCV2-associated lymphoid lesions.

scholarly journals Epidemiological investigation of porcine circovirus type 2 and its coinfection rate in Shandong province in China from 2015 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zicheng Ma ◽  
Mengda Liu ◽  
Zhaohu Liu ◽  
Fanliang Meng ◽  
Hongyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diarrhea Virus

Abstract Background Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is one of the crucial swine viral pathogens, caused porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD). Shandong province is one of the most important pork producing areas and bears a considerable economic loss due to PCVAD. However, there is limited information on epidemiology and coinfection rate of PCV2 with other critical swine diseases in this area, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), Pseudorabies virus (PRV), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Results Overall, 89.59% serum samples and 36.98% tissue samples were positive for PCV2 specified ELISA and PCR positive for PCV2, respectively. The coinfection rates of PCV2 with PRRSV, PRV, CSFV, and PEDV were 26.73%, 18.37%, 13.06%, and 3.47%, respectively. Moreover, genetic characteristic of PCV2 were analyzed based on the cap genes showing that PCV2d is the dominant sub-genotype circulating in the province. Conclusions Our findings reveal that PCV2d, as the dominant strain, is prevailing in pig farms in Shandong province at high levels. There was a high frequency of coinfection of PCV2 and PRRSV.

scholarly journals Effects of an Inactivated Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Vaccine on PCV2 Virus Shedding in Semen from Experimentally Infected Boars

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1091-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwi Won Seo ◽  
Kiwon Han ◽  
Duyeol Kim ◽  
Yeonsu Oh ◽  
Ikjae Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunological Response ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Pcv2 Vaccine ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Negative Controls

ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to determine the effect of an inactivated porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine on PCV2b virus shedding in the semen of experimentally infected boars by measuring the immunological response and the PCV2b DNA load in blood and semen. Twelve boars were randomly divided into three groups. The boars in group 1 (n= 4) were immunized with an inactivated PCV2 vaccine and were challenged with PCV2b. The boars in group 2 (n= 4) were only challenged with PCV2b. The boars in group 3 (n= 4) served as negative controls. The number of PCV2 genome copies of PCV2 in the serum and semen were significantly lower in vaccinated challenged boars than in nonvaccinated challenged boars at 7, 10, 14, 21, 32, 35, 42, 49, and 60 days postinoculation. The number of PCV2b genomes in the semen correlated with the number of PCV2b genomes in the blood in both vaccinated challenged (R= 0.714) and nonvaccinated challenged (R= 0.861) boars. The results of the present study demonstrate that the inactivated PCV2 vaccine significantly decreases the amount of PCV2b DNA shedding in semen from vaccinated boars after experimental infection with PCV2b.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study on viraemia and shedding of porcine circovirus type 2 in a subclinically infected multiplier sow herd

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 (6) ◽  
pp. 189-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Eddicks ◽  
Bettina Beuter ◽  
Ralf Stuhldreier ◽  
Thomas Nolte ◽  
Sven Reese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Preventive Healthcare ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pcv2 Vaccination

Vertical and horizontal transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) plays an important role for the spread of PCV2 within piglet-producing farms and following production steps. Further information is crucial to learn about the principles of PCV2 circulation among sows in piglet-producing farms to improve preventive healthcare concerning porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD) in downstream production steps. The present study was conducted as a cross-sectional study in a 400 sow multiplier herd in Germany with no PCV2 vaccination. Blood, faeces and saliva of the sows in all stages of production were tested for PCV2-DNA by real-time PCR. Results were analysed under respect of the parity and stage of production of the sows. PCV2-DNA in faeces or saliva was observed especially in young sows. Highest rates of viraemia in productive sows were found in the early stages of pregnancy. The results revealed that particularly gilts from the quarantine and rearing area and sows up to the second parity play a major role for the spread of PCV2 and thus for the maintenance of PCV2 infection in sow herds. Furthermore, the stage of production had a significant influence on the detection rate of PCV2-DNA in serum, saliva or faeces of the sows.

scholarly journals Effect of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Vaccination of the Dam on PCV2 Replication In Utero

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Madson ◽  
A. R. Patterson ◽  
S. Ramamoorthy ◽  
N. Pal ◽  
X. J. Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Reproductive Failure ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pcv2 Vaccination ◽  
Group 3

ABSTRACT The aims of this study were to determine if porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccination of the dam is effective in preventing fetal PCV2 infection and reproductive failure. Twelve pregnant, PCV2-naïve sows were randomly divided into four groups, with three sows in each group. Group 1 sows served as noninoculated, nonvaccinated negative controls, group 2 sows were vaccinated with a commercially available PCV2 vaccine at 28 days of gestation and were not inoculated, group 3 sows were vaccinated at 28 days of gestation and inoculated with PCV2b at 56 days of gestation, and group 4 sows were inoculated with PCV2b but were not vaccinated. Serum samples from all sows were collected weekly throughout the gestation period, and sows were allowed to farrow naturally. At parturition, sow colostrum samples, presuckle serum samples, and tissues from the piglets were collected. Reproductive failure was not observed under the study conditions. PCV2 vaccination induced PCV2-specific immunoglobulin G and serum neutralizing antibodies in sows from groups 2 and 3 and prevented detectable PCV2 viremia in the dams after challenge. In group 3, PCV2 DNA was detected in colostrum samples, fetuses, and live-born pigs; however, microscopic lesions and PCV2-specific antigen were not present in any of the fetuses in this group. The results from this study indicate that vertical transmission of PCV2 can occur in PCV2-vaccinated dams.

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