Effect of the Modified Live Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Vaccine on European and North American PRRSV Shedding in Semen from Infected Boars

ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to compare the effects of the modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine (Ingelvac PRRS MLV; Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, St. Joseph, MO) on European and North American PRRSV shedding in the semen of experimentally infected boars. The boars were randomly divided into six groups. Vaccinated boars shed the North American PRRSV at the rate of 100.1to 101.0viral genome copies per ml and 3.63 to 101.150% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50)/ml, respectively, in semen, whereas nonvaccinated boars shed the North American PRRSV at the rate of 100.2to 104.7viral genome copies per ml and 1.14 to 103.07TCID50/ml, respectively, in semen. Vaccinated boars shed the European PRRSV at the rate of 100.1to 104.57viral genome copies per ml and 1.66 to 103.10TCID50/ml, respectively, in semen, whereas nonvaccinated boars shed the European PRRSV at the rate of 100.3to 105.14viral genome copies per ml and 1.69 to 103.17TCID50/ml, respectively, in semen. The number of genomic copies of the European PRRSV in semen samples was not significantly different between vaccinated and nonvaccinated challenged European PRRSV boars. The present study demonstrated that boar vaccination using commercial modified live PRRSV vaccine was able to decrease subsequent shedding of North American PRRSV in semen after challenge but was unable to decrease shedding of European PRRSV in semen after challenge.

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Effects of North American Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV)-Based Modified Live Vaccines on Preimmunized Sows Artificially Inseminated with European PRRSV-Spiked Semen

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.05639-11 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 319-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kiwon Han ◽

Hwi Won Seo ◽

Yeonsu Oh ◽

Ikjae Kang ◽

Changhoon Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

Animal Health ◽

Negative Control ◽

Live Vaccine ◽

Reproductive Failure ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Serum Samples ◽

The North ◽

Group 2 ◽

Modified Live Vaccine

ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to determine if the European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can be transmitted via spiked semen to preimmunized sows and induce reproductive failure. Sows were immunized with the North American PRRSV-based modified live vaccine (Ingelvac PRRS MLV; Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, St. Joseph, MO) and were artificially inseminated. The sows were randomly divided into three groups. The vaccinated (group 2) and nonvaccinated (group 3) sows developed a PRRSV viremia at 7 to 28 days postinsemination with the European PRRSV-spiked semen. The number of genomic copies of the European PRRSV in serum samples was not significantly different between vaccinated and nonvaccinated sows. All negative-control sows in group 1 farrowed at the expected date. The sows in groups 2 and 3 farrowed between 103 and 110 days after the first insemination. European PRRSV RNA was detected in the lungs of 8 out of 11 live-born piglets and 46 out of 54 stillborn fetuses. In addition, PRRSV RNA was detected usingin situhybridization in other tissues from vaccinated sows that had been inseminated with European PRRSV-spiked semen (group 2). The present study has demonstrated that vaccinating sows with the North American PRRSV-based modified live vaccine does not prevent reproductive failure after insemination with European PRRSV-spiked semen.

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Identification of immunodominant T-cell epitopes present in glycoprotein 5 of the North American genotype of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.06.047 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (36) ◽

pp. 4747-4753 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Kapil Vashisht ◽

Tony L. Goldberg ◽

Robert J. Husmann ◽

William Schnitzlein ◽

Federico A. Zuckermann

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

North American ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

T Cell Epitopes ◽

The North ◽

North American Genotype ◽

Glycoprotein 5

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Characterization of Emerging European-Like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolates in the United States

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.78.7.3684-3703.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 78 (7) ◽

pp. 3684-3703 ◽

Cited By ~ 124

Author(s):

Susan L. Ropp ◽

Carrie E. Mahlum Wees ◽

Ying Fang ◽

Eric A. Nelson ◽

Kurt D. Rossow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

North American ◽

Reference Strain ◽

Genomic Sequence ◽

Nonstructural Protein ◽

The United States ◽

Amino Acid Identity ◽

Nucleotide Identity ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

The North

ABSTRACT European-like field isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) have recently emerged in North America. The full-length genomic sequence of an index isolate characterized in 1999, strain EuroPRRSV, served as the reference strain for further studies of the evolution and epidemiology of European-like isolates (type 1) in the United States. Strain EuroPRRSV shared 90.1 to 100% amino acid identity with the prototype European strain, Lelystad, within the structural and nonstructural open reading frames (ORFs) and 95.3% overall nucleotide identity. The 5′ untranslated region and two nonstructural regions within ORF 1 were closely examined due to significant divergence from strain Lelystad. A 51-bp deletion in a region within ORF 1a, coding for nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2), was observed. Sequence analysis of the structural ORFs 2 to 7 of additional European-like isolates indicated that these isolates share 93% nucleotide identity with one another and 95 to 96% identity with the Lelystad strain but only 70% identity with the North American reference strain VR-2332. Phylogenetic analysis with published PRRSV ORF 3, 5, and 7 nucleotide sequences indicated that these newly emerging isolates form a clade with the Lelystad and United Kingdom PRRSV isolates. Detailed analysis of four of these isolates with a panel of 60 monoclonal antibodies directed against the structural proteins confirmed a recognition pattern that was more consistent with strain Lelystad than with other North American isolates.

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Mycotoxins that affect the North American agri-food sector: state of the art and directions for the future

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2013.1624 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 63-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

J.D. Miller ◽

A.W. Schaafsma ◽

D. Bhatnagar ◽

G. Bondy ◽

I. Carbone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

Value Chain ◽

Animal Health ◽

Management Strategies ◽

The United States ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Value Chains ◽

The North ◽

Food And Feed ◽

The Impact

This paper summarises workshop discussions at the 5th international MYCORED meeting in Ottawa, Canada (June 2012) with over 200 participants representing academics, government and industry scientists, government officials and farming organisations (present in roughly equal proportions) from 27 countries. Workshops centred on how mycotoxins in food and feed affect value chains and trade in the region covered by the North American Free Trade Agreement. Crops are contaminated by one or more of five important mycotoxins in parts of Canada and the United States every year, and when contaminated food and feed are consumed in amounts above tolerable limits, human and animal health are at risk. Economic loss from such contamination includes reduced crop yield, grain quality, animal productivity and loss of domestic and export markets. A systematic effort by grain producers, primary, transfer, and terminal elevators, millers and food and feed processers is required to manage these contaminants along the value chain. Workshops discussed lessons learned from investments in plant genetics, fungal genomics, toxicology, analytical and sampling science, management strategies along the food and feed value chains and methods to ameliorate the effects of toxins in grain on animal production and on reducing the impact of mycotoxins on population health in developing countries. These discussions were used to develop a set of priorities and recommendations.

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Performance of assays for testing antibodies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in sera collected from swine farms in a region with an extreme virus heterogeneity

Acta veterinaria ◽

10.2478/acve-2014-0005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 44-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Uladzimir Karniychuk U ◽

Hans Nauwynck J

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Test Field ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Swine Industry ◽

East European ◽

Swine Farms ◽

The North ◽

European Subtype

Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is the most economically important viral disease in the swine industry worldwide. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains are classified into two distinct genotypes, the European genotype and the North American genotype. The European PRRSV genotype has been divided into three subtypes: a pan-European subtype 1 and East European subtypes 2 and 3. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of commercial and homemade serological assays to test field sera from a geographical region with an extreme PRRSV heterogeneity. Belarus became the country of choice for sample collection because heterologous PRRSV strains of all known European subtypes circulate in this country. Sera from Belarusian swine farms were tested in immunoperoxidase monolayer assays based on pan-European subtype 1, East European subtype 3 and North American strains as antigens and commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (IDEXX and INGEZIM). The obtained results suggest that none of the serological tools for PRRSV diagnosis can guarantee a flawless detection of antibodies at the individual animal level. Considering heterogeneity of recently isolated European PRRSV strains the problem can be relevant in many countries.

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Simulation of between-farm transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Ontario, Canada using the North American Animal Disease Spread Model

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.01.006 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 118 (4) ◽

pp. 413-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Krishna K. Thakur ◽

Crawford W. Revie ◽

Daniel Hurnik ◽

Zvonimir Poljak ◽

Javier Sanchez

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

Disease Spread ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Animal Disease ◽

The North ◽

Spread Model

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Genotypic, phylogenetic and epidemiological characteristics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains (PRRSV) in Vietnam

Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.15625/1811-4989/15/1/12317 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38

Author(s):

Lê Thanh Hòa ◽

Đỗ Thị Roan ◽

Nguyễn Thị Khuê ◽

Đoàn Thị Thanh Hương ◽

Nguyễn Thị Bích Nga

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

North American ◽

Nucleotide Sequences ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Amino Acid Homology ◽

The North ◽

Virulent Strains ◽

Genotype 2 ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Highly Virulent

Nucleotide sequence of ORF5 encoding the antigenic GP5 for 11 strains collected from different geographic localities in the country during 2008-2011 were obtained. These nucleotide sequences were analyzed for molecular properties (nucleotides and amino acids) to determine genotype, phylogenetic and molecular epidemiological characteristics compared with PRRSV circulating in Vietnam and worldwide. Analysis of nucleotides and deduced amino acids showed that there was very high level of nucleotide identity and amino acid homology (98 – 100%) between the Vietnamese and Chinese PRRSV strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on ORF5 nucleotide sequences revealed two large groups, one derived from the North American lineage of genotype 2, including 11 PRRSV isolates in this study and another of the European lineage of genotype 1. In the genotype 2, further subgroups were found among which there were strains of Asia (Vietnam, China, India), strains of the European/North American origin (Austria, US, Denmark) and a 2012-isolated strain from Canada, in a separate subgroup. Regarding to the epidemiological analysis, our isolates collected during 2008-2011, completely followed the endemic peaks occurred in Viet Nam, such as those in 2007-2008 and in 2010-2011. They all were determined as highly virulent strains due to high homology to the highly virulent strains of China occurred in those periods. We have some conclusions to be made that the outbreaks of highly pathogenic PRRSV in Vietnam were epidemiologically associated with the endemics occurred in China and originated from China.

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