scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Two Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Myanmar

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Htin Lin Aung ◽  
Thanda Tun ◽  
Elizabeth Permina ◽  
Wint Wint Nyunt ◽  
Si Thu Aung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Mdr Tb

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and lately, extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) are increasing global health concerns. Here, we present the genome sequences of two MDR-TB isolates from Myanmar, one of 27 countries with a high MDR-TB burden, and describe a number of mutations consistent with these being XDR-TB isolates.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Current Standards and Challenges

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Battista Migliori ◽  
Alberto Matteelli ◽  
Daniela Cirillo ◽  
Madhukar Pai
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Mdr Tb

INTRODUCTION: The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and, more recently, extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) is widely considered a serious threat to global TB control. Over 400,000 new cases of MDR-TB occur each year and, although their rates are currently unknown, XDR-TB cases have been detected in every country where there is capacity to detect them (including Canada).METHODS: The present article provides a narrative overview of the various diagnostic options available for XDR-TB, including conventional tools and newer rapid tests for drug resistance. Available data suggest that automated liquid cultures are highly accurate and their use is rapidly expanding. Newly developed phenotypic tests include TK Medium (Salubris Inc, USA), microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility assay, FASTPlaque-Response bacteriophage assay (Biotec Laboratories Ltd, UK), colorimetric redox indicator methods and the microcolony method. These tests are usually cheaper but not always simple to perform, with some requiring high standards of biosafety and quality control. Among the newly developed phenotypic methods, reverse hybridization-based assays, referred to as line probe assays, represent a useful tool because of their superior accuracy and cost-effectiveness.CONCLUSIONS: To effectively address the threats of MDR-TB and XDR-TB, global initiatives are required to scale-up culture and drug susceptibility testing capacities, especially in high-burden countries where such capacity is scarce. In parallel, efforts are needed to expand the use of novel and emerging technologies (ie, molecular diagnostics) for the rapid determination of drug resistance.

scholarly journals Patient’s Perception on MDR and XDR Tuberculosis in a Teaching Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (03) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Fazlu Rehman ◽  
N. Ravindra ◽  
A Srinivasa Rao ◽  
Ashfaq Hasan ◽  
M. A. Raoof
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Patient’S Perception

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which is transmitted by air. This disease damages the lungs and other organs in the human body. It is still one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality despite the fact that it can be cured with adequate treatment. The emergence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) or extensively drug resistant (XDR-TB) is one of the challenges in our effort to control the disease complications. The aim of the study was to assess the Patient’s Perception on emergence of MDR and XDR-Tuberculosis in the Pulmonology Department of teaching Hospital.

scholarly journals Cycloserine for Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in China: A Retrospective Observational Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Limin Wu ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
Guiqing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Culture Conversion

AbstractObjectivesCycloserine is crucial in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment. Although extensive research has been carried out on MDR-TB, most researchers have not treated cycloserine in much detail. Therefore, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of cycloserine and seek to clarify the role of cycloserine for treatment of simple MDR-TB, pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR-TB), and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB).Patients and methodsA retrospective observational study was performed in China. We determined the treatment outcome as the primary outcome for 144 cycloserine-treated and 181 cycloserine-nontreated patients according to the definitions of WHO. The proportion of patients with sputum-culture conversion and the frequency of adverse drug reactions related to cycloserine were assessed as well.ResultsAmong 325 MDR-TB patients, 144 were treated with cycloserine and 100 (69.4%) out of 144 successfully completed treatment. Compared with patients in non-cycloserine group, the hazard ratio of any unfavorable treatment outcome was 0.53 (95%CI: 0.35-0.81, P=0.003). Culture conversion rate at the intensive phase was similar whether cycloserine was administered or not (P=0.703). Of the 144 patients treated with cycloserine, a total of 16 (11.1%) patients experienced side-effects related to cycloserine, including 7 patients who discontinued cycloserine permanently.ConclusionsCycloserine could be an attractive agent to treat MDR-TB. Its safety profile warrants use in the most of MDR-TB cases. Cycloserine significantly improved the chance of favorable outcome for patients with simple MDR-TB but not pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB. More aggressive regimens might be required for pre-XDR-TB or XDR-TB patients.

scholarly journals Detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from TB suspected diabetic patients by GeneXpert MTB/RIF method

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Asmaul Husna ◽  
Tushar Kanti Dhar ◽  
Saurab Kishore Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Auramine O ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become one of the major public health menace in the developing countries which have destructive consequences in immunocompromised patients. Rapid detection of such cases is indispensable to initiate the early and proper treatment of the infected individuals. Present study was conducted to determine the frequency of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among the TB suspected diabetic patients employing GeneXpert MTB/RIF method. A total of 1311 sputum specimens were tested among which 154 (11.7%), 109 (8.3%) and 92 (7%) were found to carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis by GeneXpert, auramine O staining and Zeihl-Neelsen (Z-N) staining methods, consecutively. The relative positivity of the GeneXpert method was 40.3% and 29.2% higher than that of Z-N and auramine O staining methods. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of GeneXpert method were found to be higher when compared to these microscopic techniques. An estimation of 12.9% (n=132) of the positive cases was found among the diabetic patients (n=1027), whereas 7.7% (n=22) of the non-diabetic patients (n=284) showed positivity by GeneXpert method. Four (2.6%) among the MTB positive cases exhibited rifampicin resistance of which 3 were diabetic patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v4i1.22754 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.4(1) 2014: 9-12

scholarly journals Analysis ofembCABMutations Associated with Ethambutol Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from China

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 2045-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-li Zhao ◽  
Qing Sun ◽  
Hai-can Liu ◽  
Xiao-cui Wu ◽  
Tong-yang Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Beijing Family ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Candidate Predictor ◽  
Mdr Tb

ABSTRACTEthambutol (EMB) plays a pivotal role in the chemotherapy of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), including multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Resistance to EMB is considered to be caused by mutations in theembCABoperon (embC,embA, andembB). In this study, we analyzed theembCABmutations among 139 MDR-TB isolates from China and found a possible association betweenembCABoperon mutation and EMB resistance. Our data indicate that 56.8% of MDR-TB isolates are resistant to EMB, and 82.2% of EMB-resistant isolates belong to the Beijing family. Overall, 110 (79.1%) MDR-TB isolates had at least one mutation in theembCABoperon. The majority of mutations were present in theembBgene and theembAupstream region, which also displayed significant correlations with EMB resistance. The most common mutations occurred at codon 306 inembB(embB306), followed byembB406,embA(−16), andembB497. Mutations atembB306 were associated with EMB resistance. DNA sequencing ofembB306–497 was the best strategy for detecting EMB resistance, with 89.9% sensitivity, 58.3% specificity, and 76.3% accuracy. Additionally,embB306 had limited value as a candidate predictor for EMB resistance among MDR-TB infections in China.

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