scholarly journals Differential Effects of Three CanonicalToxoplasmaStrains on Gene Expression in Human Neuroepithelial Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianchun Xiao ◽  
Lorraine Jones-Brando ◽  
C. Conover Talbot ◽  
Robert H. Yolken
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Neuroepithelial Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACTStrain type is one of the key factors suspected to play a role in determining the outcome ofToxoplasmainfection. In this study, we examined the transcriptional profile of human neuroepithelioma cells in response to representative strains ofToxoplasmaby using microarray analysis to characterize the strain-specific host cell response. The study of neural cells is of interest in light of the ability ofToxoplasmato infect the brain and to establish persistent infection within the central nervous system. We found that the extents of the expression changes varied considerably among the three strains. Neuroepithelial cells infected withToxoplasmatype I exhibited the highest level of differential gene expression, whereas type II-infected cells had a substantially smaller number of genes which were differentially expressed. Cells infected with type III exhibited intermediate effects on gene expression. The three strains also differed in the individual genes and gene pathways which were altered following cellular infection. For example, gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that type I infection largely affects genes related to the central nervous system, while type III infection largely alters genes which affect nucleotide metabolism; type II infection does not alter the expression of a clearly defined set of genes. Moreover, Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) suggests that the three lineages differ in the ability to manipulate their host; e.g., they employ different strategies to avoid, deflect, or subvert host defense mechanisms. These observed differences may explain some of the variation in the neurobiological effects of different strains ofToxoplasmaon infected individuals.

scholarly journals Antiviral Type I and Type III Interferon Responses in the Central Nervous System

Viruses ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 834-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Sorgeloos ◽  
Marguerite Kreit ◽  
Pascale Hermant ◽  
Cécile Lardinois ◽  
Thomas Michiels
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Interferon Responses ◽  
Type Iii Interferon

Negative and positive effects of an IAP-LTR on nearby Pcdaα gene expression in the central nervous system and neuroblastoma cell lines

Gene ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidehiko Sugino ◽  
Tomoko Toyama ◽  
Yusuke Taguchi ◽  
Shigeyuki Esumi ◽  
Mitsuhiro Miyazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cell ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cell Lines

scholarly journals A novel gene signature based on five immune checkpoint genes predicts the survival of glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
You Zhai ◽  
Guanzhang Li ◽  
Tao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Gene Signature ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Checkpoint Genes

Abstract Background Glioma is the most common and fatal type of nerve neoplasm in the central nervous system. Several biomarkers have been considered for prognosis prediction, which is not accurate enough. We aimed to carry out a gene signature related to the expression of immune checkpoints which was enough for its performance in prediction. Methods Gene expression of immune checkpoints in TGGA database was filtrated. The 5 selected genes underwent verification by COX and Lasso-COX regression. Next, the selected genes were included to build a novel signature for further analysis. Results Patients were sub-grouped into high and low risk according to the novel signature. Immune response, clinicopathologic characters, and survival showed significant differences between those 2 groups. Terms including “naive,” “effector,” and “IL-4” were screened out by GSEA. The results showed strong relevance between the signature and immune response. Conclusions We constructed a gene signature with 5 immune checkpoints. The signature predicted survival effectively. The novel signature performed more functional than previous biomarkers.

scholarly journals Regulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis by the Liver X Receptors in the Central Nervous System

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1378-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl D. Whitney ◽  
Michael A. Watson ◽  
Jon L. Collins ◽  
William G. Benson ◽  
Tammy M. Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Neuronal Cultures ◽  
Primary Neuronal Cultures ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Lxr Agonists

Abstract The nuclear oxysterol receptors liver X receptor-α [LXRα (NR1H3)] and LXRβ (NR1H2) coordinately regulate genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Although both LXR subtypes are expressed in the brain, their roles in this tissue remain largely unexplored. In this report, we show that LXR agonists have marked effects on gene expression in murine brain tissue both in vitro and in vivo. In primary astrocyte cultures, LXR agonists regulated several established LXR target genes, including ATP binding cassette transporter A1, and enhanced cholesterol efflux. In contrast, little or no effect on gene expression or cholesterol efflux was detected in primary neuronal cultures. Treatment of mice with a selective LXR agonist resulted in the induction of several LXR target genes related to cholesterol homeostasis in the cerebellum and hippocampus. These data provide the first evidence that the LXRs regulate cholesterol homeostasis in the central nervous system. Because dysregulation of cholesterol balance is implicated in central nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Niemann-Pick disease, pharmacological manipulation of the LXRs may prove beneficial in the treatment of these disorders.

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