scholarly journals Comparison of Alteration of Cell Surface Carbohydrates of the Chinchilla Tubotympanum and Colonial Opacity Phenotype of Streptococcus pneumoniae during Experimental Pneumococcal Otitis Media with or without an Antecedent Influenza A Virus Infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 4292-4301 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Tong ◽  
I. Grants ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
T. F. DeMaria
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Influenza A Virus Infection ◽  
Surface Carbohydrates

ABSTRACT Experimental and clinical studies suggest that influenza A virus promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced otitis media; however, the mechanism underlying this synergistic interaction has not been completely defined. In this study, glycoconjugate expression patterns were evaluated on the cell surface in the chinchilla eustachian tube (ET) lumen of a cohort challenged intranasally (i.n.) with S. pneumoniae type 6A, which is predominantly transparent and a cohort with an antecedent influenza A virus infection, followed by i.n. inoculation with S. pneumoniae. The labeling patterns obtained with six lectin probes revealed that the binding of Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin II, succinylated wheat germ agglutinin, and peanut agglutinin were significantly increased in the lumenal surface of the ET in the cohort infected with both pathogens compared to the cohort inoculated with only S. pneumoniae, which indicated that N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and d-galactose residues were exposed. A significant decreased labeling with Sambucus nigra agglutinin in the combined influenza A virus and pneumococcus infection cohort suggested that there were few sialic acid residues remaining in the ET epithelium. In addition, the colonial opacity of S. pneumoniae during the disease course was examined. The opaque phenotype was predominant among the pneumococcus isolates from the middle-ear fluid in the cohort infected with the both pathogens. Together, these data suggest that the synergic effect of influenza A virus and S. pneumoniae on the changes of the carbohydrate moieties in the ET epithelium and that the selection of the opaque variant may facilitate the pneumococcal invasion of the middle ear.

scholarly journals Effect of Influenza A Virus Infection on Nasopharyngeal Colonization and Otitis Media Induced by Transparent or Opaque Phenotype Variants of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Chinchilla Model

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Tong ◽  
J. N. Weiser ◽  
M. A. James ◽  
T. F. DeMaria
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Colonization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Influenza A Virus Infection

ABSTRACT Phase variation in the colonial opacity of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been implicated as a factor in bacterial adherence, colonization, and invasion in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease. Additionally, the synergistic effects of influenza A virus and S. pneumoniae in the development of otitis media (OM) have been reported. This study examined the ability of opaque or transparent S. pneumoniae from the same strain in combination with an antecedent influenza A virus infection to colonize the nasopharynx and invade the middle ear in the chinchilla model. Our data indicated that there was no significant difference in the level of nasopharyngeal colonization and induction of OM between the opaque and transparent variants unless there was a prior challenge with influenza A virus. Subsequent to influenza A virus infection, there was a significant difference between the variants in the ability to colonize and persist in the nasopharynx and middle ear. The concentrations of the opaque variant in nasopharyngeal-lavage samples and middle-ear fluid remained consistently higher than those of the transparent variant for 10 days postinoculation. Data from this study indicate that the effects of influenza A virus on the pathogenesis of experimental S. pneumoniae-induced OM differ depending on the opacity phenotype involved.

scholarly journals Deletion of the Complement C5a Receptor Alleviates the Severity of Acute Pneumococcal Otitis Media following Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e95160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Hua Tong ◽  
Garrett Lambert ◽  
Yong Xing Li ◽  
Joshua M. Thurman ◽  
Gregory L. Stahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
C5a Receptor ◽  
Influenza A Virus Infection ◽  
Complement C5a

Experimental otitis media after nasal inoculation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus in chinchillas

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
G S Giebink ◽  
I K Berzins ◽  
S C Marker ◽  
G Schiffman
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Ear Effusion

Otitis media developed in 67% of chinchillas inoculated intranasally with type 7 Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus. Only 4% of chinchillas inoculated with influenza alone and 21% of chinchillas inoculated with S. pneumoniae alone developed otitis media. Among the chinchillas that developed otitis media after inoculation with both pneumococcus and influenza, 73% of the affected ears contained effusion, and 27% of the affected ears showed tympanic membrane inflammation without middle ear effusion obtained on paracentesis. Although a majority of the ears with effusion yielded S. pneumoniae on culture, one-third of the effusions were sterile for aerobic bacteria. This model resembles conditions accompanying otitis media in humans and suggests that respiratory viral infection contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of acute otitis media.

Otologic and Systemic Manifestations of Experimental Influenza a Virus Infection in the Ferret

1995 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Buchman ◽  
J. Douglas Swarts ◽  
James T. Seroky ◽  
Nicholas Panagiotou ◽  
Frederick Hayden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Influenza A Virus Infection ◽  
Tract Infections

In an effort to further validate an animal model and to better define the mechanisms relating viral upper respiratory tract infections and acute otitis media, we infected 10 ferrets intranasally with influenza A virus. Infection was monitored by cultures and antibody titers, illness was monitored by signs and temperatures, and otologic complications were monitored by otoscopy, tympanometry, and eustachian tube function testing. All animals became infected. Forced-response test results showed progressive increases in the passive function variables after inoculation. Inflation-deflation test results documented progressive impairment of active tubal function, which was accompanied by the development of middle ear underpressures. No otitis media was seen. The results suggest that influenza A virus infection results in progressive, subtotal occlusion of the eustachian tube lumen, which compromises the ventilatory function of the tube, thereby promoting the development of middle ear underpressures. These findings support the hypothesized pathophysiologic relationship between viral upper respiratory tract infections, eustachian tube dysfunction, middle ear underpressures, and acute otitis media. Given these pathophysiologic changes and previously documented physiologic similarities to the eustachian tube-middle ear system of human beings, we conclude that the ferret represents an appropriate animal model for studying the pathogenic processes related to viral upper respiratory tract infections, eustachian tube dysfunction, and otitis media and for testing of potential prophylactic and therapeutic regimens.

Abnormal middle ear pressures during experimental influenza A virus infection — role of Eustachian tube function

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J Doyle ◽  
James T Seroky ◽  
Betty L Angelini ◽  
Mehmet Gulhan ◽  
David P Skoner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Eustachian Tube Function ◽  
Tube Function ◽  
Influenza A Virus Infection ◽  
Experimental Influenza

scholarly journals Filamentous Influenza A Virus Infection Predisposes Mice to Fatal Septicemia following Superinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 3

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 3102-3111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice L. Speshock ◽  
Nicole Doyon-Reale ◽  
R. Rabah ◽  
Melody N. Neely ◽  
Paul C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Influenza A Virus Infection ◽  
Fatal Septicemia

ABSTRACT Previous studies have demonstrated that animals exposed to Streptococcus pneumoniae while recovering from influenza A virus infection exhibit exacerbated disease symptoms. However, many of the current animal models exploring dual viral and bacterial synergistic exacerbations of respiratory disease have utilized mouse-adapted influenza virus and strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae that in themselves are highly lethal to mice. Here we describe a mouse model of bacterial superinfection in which a mild, self-limiting influenza virus infection is followed by mild, self-limiting superinfection with S. pneumoniae serotype 3. S. pneumoniae superinfection results in rapid dissemination of the bacterium from the respiratory tract and systemic spread to all major organs of the mice, resulting in fatal septicemia. This phenomenon in mice was observed in superinfected animals undergoing an active viral infection as well as in mice that had completely cleared the virus 7 to 8 days prior to superinfection. Neutrophils were the predominant cellular inflammatory infiltrate in the lungs of superinfected mice compared to singly infected animals. Among other cytokines and chemokines, the neutrophil activator granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was found to be significantly overexpressed in the spleens, lungs, and brains of superinfected animals. High G-CSF protein levels were observed in sera and lung lavage fluid from superinfected animals, suggesting that G-CSF is a major contributor to synergistic exacerbation of disease leading to fatal septicemia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document