GEL DIFFUSION TECHNIQUE IN ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS OF ACTINOMYCES SPECIES AND “ANAEROBIC DIPHTHEROIDS”

1963 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia King ◽  
Esther Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Actinomyces Species ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Gel Diffusion

Fixation and Inactivation of Staphylococcal Leukocidin by Phosphatidylcholine and Ganglioside G M1 in Rabbit Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 678-684
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Noda ◽  
Iwao Kato ◽  
Toshiya Hirayama ◽  
Futami Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Subunit B ◽  
Gel Diffusion

Staphylococcal leukocidin is resolved by chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose columns into two components, which are designated F (fast) and S (slow). Fixation and inactivation of both components were studied as follows. (i) Leukocidin activity was confined to the first 10 min of intoxication, and the maximal effect resulted from treating 10 6 rabbit peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes per 20 μl with 0.5 ng of each component of leukocidin. The S component was more responsible for the interaction with the leukocytes than the F component. (ii) The F component was inactivated by phosphatidylcholine at concentrations which corresponded to molar proportions of 1:1 and bound to [ 14 C]phosphatidylcholine at equimolar proportions. (iii) The S component was inactivated by ganglioside G M1 at 1:1 molar proportions, but not by any of the related glycolipids. Ganglioside G M1 also was precipitated with the S component by a gel diffusion technique. Subunit B of cholera toxin competitively inhibited the binding of the S component to rabbit leukocyte membranes. This indicates that ganglioside G M1 may resemble or be part of the receptor site for the S component.

scholarly journals Studies on the Mitotic Apparatus of the Sea Urchin by Means of Antigen-Antibody Reactions in Agar

1959 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans A. Went
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Insoluble Form ◽  
Molecular Origin ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Gel Diffusion ◽  
Immunochemical Relationship

The primary purpose of the experiments reported in this paper was to gain information on the molecular origin of the mitotic apparatus. Antisera were prepared against unfertilized sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) egg antigens and mitotic apparatus antigens. These were permitted to react with various antigen solutions in Ouchterlony agar gel diffusion plates, and the resultant precipitation patterns analysed. The results revealed that the mitotic apparatus contains probably no more than two antigens (precursor-1 component and precursor-2 component) and that these are shared by the unfertilized egg. Absorption and fractionation techniques indicated that in the unfertilized egg the precursor-1 component is present both as a "soluble" protein and as an insoluble form tenaciously associated with intracellular structural elements. A survey of dividing and non-dividing tissues for the precursor-1 component revealed that it was restricted to tissues in which mitotic activity could be detected microscopically. No immunochemical relationship could be detected between the mitotic apparatus and proteins extracted, by various methods, from the lantern muscle.

The Separation of Insect Haemolymph Proteins

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
B. G. Loughton ◽  
P. Rueffel ◽  
H. Stich ◽  
A. S. West
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Homologous Proteins ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Rapid Characterization ◽  
Gel Diffusion

It has been suggested that information on the phylogenetic relationships of genera and species could be obtained by comparing the amino acid sequence in the homologous proteins of different species. This procedure is extremely difficult and time-consuming.However, a relatively rapid characterization of proteins can be obtained by analysing their mobilities with starch-gel electrophoresis and examination of antigenic diversity by the agar gel diffusion technique of Ouchterlony.

scholarly journals Synthesis and crystal structure of a heterobimetallic cadmium–sodium complex of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione, [CdNa2(C3H2N3O3)4(H2O)8]

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Divya ◽  
B. R. Bijini ◽  
V. S. Dhanya ◽  
K. Rajendra Babu ◽  
M. Sithambaresan
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Distorted Octahedral Geometry ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Sodium Complex ◽  
Synthesis And Crystal Structure ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Distorted Octahedral ◽  
Gel Diffusion

Heterobimetallic crystals of a cadmium–sodium complex of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione, namely, μ-aqua-1:2κ2 O:O-heptaaqua-1κ3 O,2κ2 O,3κ2 O-bis(μ-4,6-dioxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,3,5-triazin-2-olato)-1:2κ2 O 2:N 1;2:3κ2 N 1:O 2-bis(4,6-dioxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,3,5-triazin-2-olato)-1κO 2,3κO 2-2-cadmium-1,3-disodium, [CdNa2(C3H2N3O3)4(H2O)8], were grown by the single gel diffusion technique. The asymmetric unit of the title compound comprises four 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione ligands, two sodium atoms and one cadmium atom. Of the four ligands, two are monodentately coordinated to two Na atoms. The third ligand is coordinated bidentately to one Na and the Cd atom and the fourth is also coordinated bidentately to the Cd atom and the other Na atom. All the metal atoms are six-coordinate with a distorted octahedral geometry. The water molecules bridge the Na atoms, constructing coordination polymer chains along the a axis and hence are linked by two Cd and one Na coordinations through the cyanuric acid ligands present in the coordination polymer chains, generating a two-dimensional coordination polymer in the (110) plane. The polymer formation is further assisted by means of many intermolecular and intramolecular N—H...O, O—H...O and O–H...N hydrogen bonds between the water molecules and the ligands.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE ANTIGENS INVOLVED IN ADENOVIRUS 12 TUMORIGENESIS BY IMMUNODIFFUSION TECHNIQUES

1965 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard D. Berman ◽  
Wallace P. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Antigen ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Classical Type ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Infectious Cycle ◽  
Gel Diffusion

The use of the agar gel diffusion technique has established the presence of three distinct antigenic reactions in the sera of Ad. 12 tumor-bearing hamsters. Only one of these antigens is directly demonstrable in the tumor. This "tumor" antigen is also formed during early stages of the infectious cycle in tissue culture cells. Other antigens present in the tumor, but only demonstrable indirectly with the use of antibody-containing serum of tumored hamsters, are the classical type-specific C antigen, and a new antigen, termed D. Of ninety-eight Ad. 12 tumored hamster sera, six reacted in gel diffusion with virus and tumor preparations, and thirty-one with tumor only. Sera which reacted in gel diffusion with viral antigen uniformly bad neutralizing antibody and high titers of CF antibody against viral and tumor antigens; however, many sera with comparable antibody titers did not react with the virus in gel diffusion. Sera which reacted in gel diffusion only with tumor antigen also had high CF antibody titers, but there was no correlation with neutralizing antibody.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER

1960 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gale W. Rafter ◽  
Robert D. Collins ◽  
W. Barry Wood
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Proteolytic Action ◽  
Gel Diffusion

Study of the chemical properties of the pyrogenic component of rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes reveals it to contain an essential, non-dialyzable protein which: (a) is precipitated by perchloric acid, (b) is removed by extraction with phenol, (c) is soluble in 50 per cent methanol and 33 per cent saturated ammonium sulfate, and (d) is destroyed by the proteolytic action of both trypsin and pepsin. By combined chemical and chromatographic techniques the leucocytic pyrogen has been purified approximately 50-fold. The partially purified material contains less than 1 per cent carbohydrate, is resistant to periodate oxidation, is unaffected by extraction with butanol and contains at least two immunologically active components when tested by the Ouchterlony gel-diffusion technique. Its chemical properties distinguish it from other known pyrogenic substances which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of fever.

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