scholarly journals Activation by Inflammatory Stimuli Increases Neutrophil Binding of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Subsequent Infection of Lymphocytes

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (19) ◽  
pp. 10833-10836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. Gabali ◽  
Joshua J. Anzinger ◽  
Gregory T. Spear ◽  
Larry L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Resting neutrophils bind human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and efficiently transfer infection to lymphocytes. The present study shows that a brief activation by inflammatory stimuli increases the neutrophil binding levels of both R5 and X4 isolates of HIV-1 at least twofold. The binding occurs independently of CD4, gp120, and incubation temperature and is observed with HIV-1 propagated either in lymphocytes or in HEK293 cells. Significantly, HIV-1 bound to the activated neutrophils accelerates the infection of activated lymphocytes compared to free HIV-1 or to HIV-1 bound to resting neutrophils. It is proposed that these events may contribute to the increased risk of HIV-1 transmission at sites of mucosal infection.

scholarly journals Association of DC-SIGN Promoter Polymorphism with Increased Risk for Parenteral, but Not Mucosal, Acquisition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (24) ◽  
pp. 14053-14056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen P. Martin ◽  
Michael M. Lederman ◽  
Holli B. Hutcheson ◽  
James J. Goedert ◽  
George W. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT There is considerable debate about the fundamental mechanisms that underlie and restrict acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. In light of recent studies demonstrating the ability of C type lectins to facilitate infection with HIV-1, we explored the potential relationship between polymorphisms in the DC-SIGN promoter and risk for acquisition of HIV-1 according to route of infection. Using samples obtained from 1,611 European-American participants at risk for parenteral (n = 713) or mucosal (n = 898) infection, we identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the DC-SIGN promoter using single-strand conformation polymorphism. Individuals at risk for parenterally acquired infection who had −336C were more susceptible to infection than were persons with −336T (odds ratio = 1.87, P = 0.001). This association was not observed in those at risk for mucosally acquired infection. A potential role for DC-SIGN specific to systemic acquisition and dissemination of infection is suggested.

Use of polimerase chain reaction for neonatal diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) perinatal infection

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Márcia Mussi-Pinhata ◽  
Maria Célia C. Ferez ◽  
Dimas T. Covas ◽  
Geraldo Duarte ◽  
Márcia L. Isaac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Perinatal Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Neonatal Diagnosis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Induction of Autophagy to Achieve a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Cure

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1798
Author(s):  
Grant R. Campbell ◽  
Stephen A. Spector
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Functional Cure ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Hiv 1

Effective antiretroviral therapy has led to significant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) suppression and improvement in immune function. However, the persistence of integrated proviral DNA in latently infected reservoir cells, which drive viral rebound post-interruption of antiretroviral therapy, remains the major roadblock to a cure. Therefore, the targeted elimination or permanent silencing of this latently infected reservoir is a major focus of HIV-1 research. The most studied approach in the development of a cure is the activation of HIV-1 expression to expose latently infected cells for immune clearance while inducing HIV-1 cytotoxicity—the “kick and kill” approach. However, the complex and highly heterogeneous nature of the latent reservoir, combined with the failure of clinical trials to reduce the reservoir size casts doubt on the feasibility of this approach. This concern that total elimination of HIV-1 from the body may not be possible has led to increased emphasis on a “functional cure” where the virus remains but is unable to reactivate which presents the challenge of permanently silencing transcription of HIV-1 for prolonged drug-free remission—a “block and lock” approach. In this review, we discuss the interaction of HIV-1 and autophagy, and the exploitation of autophagy to kill selectively HIV-1 latently infected cells as part of a cure strategy. The cure strategy proposed has the advantage of significantly decreasing the size of the HIV-1 reservoir that can contribute to a functional cure and when optimised has the potential to eradicate completely HIV-1.

scholarly journals Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 envelope characteristics associated with disease progression differ in family members infected with genetically similar viruses

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elly Baan ◽  
Renée M. van der Sluis ◽  
Margreet E. Bakker ◽  
Vincent Bekker ◽  
Dasja Pajkrt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Gp120 Envelope ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Hiv 1

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein provides the primary contact between the virus and host, and is the main target of the adaptive humoral immune response. The length of gp120 variable loops and the number of N-linked glycosylation events are key determinants for virus infectivity and immune escape, while the V3 loop overall positive charge is known to affect co-receptor tropism. We selected two families in which both parents and two children had been infected with HIV-1 for nearly 10 years, but who demonstrated variable parameters of disease progression. We analysed the gp120 envelope sequence and compared individuals that progressed to those that did not in order to decipher evolutionary alterations that are associated with disease progression when individuals are infected with genetically related virus strains. The analysis of the V3-positive charge demonstrated an association between higher V3-positive charges with disease progression. The ratio between the amino acid length and the number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites was also shown to be associated with disease progression with the healthier family members having a lower ratio. In conclusion in individuals initially infected with genetically linked virus strains the V3-positive charges and N-linked glycosylation are associated with HIV-1 disease progression and follow varied evolutionary paths for individuals with varied disease progression.

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