scholarly journals Involvement of RIG-I Pathway in Neurotropic Virus-Induced Acute Flaccid Paralysis and Subsequent Spinal Motor Neuron Death

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Bhaskar ◽  
Sriparna Mukherjee ◽  
Anirban Basu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Neuron Death ◽  
Spinal Motor Neuron ◽  
Spinal Motor ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Delayed Neuropsychiatric Sequelae ◽  
Motor Neuron Death

Neurotropic viral infections are an increasingly common cause of immediate or delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae, cognitive impairment, and movement disorders or, in severe cases, death. Given the highest reported disability-adjusted life years and mortality rate worldwide, a better understanding of molecular mechanisms for underlying clinical manifestations like AFP will help in development of more effective tools for therapeutic solutions.

scholarly journals The burden of atherosclerosis in Portugal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Costa ◽  
Joana Alarcão ◽  
Francisco Araujo ◽  
Raquel Ascenção ◽  
Daniel Caldeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Mainland Portugal ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

Abstract Aims This article sought to estimate the burden of disease attributable to atherosclerosis in mainland Portugal in 2016. Methods and results The burden of atherosclerosis was measured in disability-adjusted life years following the latest 2010 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) methodology. Disability-adjusted life years were estimated as the sum of years of life lost (YLL) with years lived with disability (YLD). The following clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis were included: ischaemic heart disease (IHD) (including acute myocardial infarction, stable angina, and ischaemic heart failure), ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD), and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Years of life lost were estimated based on all-cause mortality data for the Portuguese population and mortality due to IHD, ICVD, and PAD for the year 2016 sourced from national statistics. Standard life expectancy was sourced from the GBD study. Years lived with disability corresponded to the product of the number of prevalent cases by an average disability weight for all possible combinations of disease. Prevalence data for the different clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis were sourced from epidemiological studies. Disability weights were sourced from the published literature. In 2016, 15 123 deaths were attributable to atherosclerosis, which corresponded to 14.3% of overall mortality in mainland Portugal. Disability-adjusted life years totalled 260 943, 75% due to premature death (196 438 YLL) and 25% due to disability (64 505 YLD). Conclusion Atherosclerosis entails a high disease burden to society. A large part of this burden would be avoidable if evidence-based effective and cost-effective interventions targeting known risk factors, from prevention to treatment, were implemented.

scholarly journals The most common vices of men can damage fertility and the health of the next generation

2017 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. F1-F6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tod Fullston ◽  
Nicole O McPherson ◽  
Deirdre Zander-Fox ◽  
Michelle Lane
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Toxin Exposure ◽  
Offspring Health

Animal and human studies demonstrate that acquired paternal traits can impair both a male’s fertility and the health of his offspring, including advanced age, smoking, stress, trauma, under-nutrition, infection, toxin exposure, and obesity. Many of these factors lead to similar changes to neurological, behavioural, and/or metabolic functioning in offspring. The molecular mechanisms that both respond to the paternal environment and act to transmit traits to offspring are beginning to emerge. This review focuses on three vices of men (alcohol consumption, overweight/obesity, and tobacco smoking) that damage fertility and pose risks to offspring health. These vices are not only the three most prevalent but are also leading risk factors for death and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide. Moreover, given that these vices are predominantly self-inflicted, interventions aimed at mitigating their consequences are readily identified.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document