Regulated expression of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle protein SmN in embryonic stem cell differentiation

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 6817-6820
Author(s):  
N G Sharpe ◽  
D G Williams ◽  
D S Latchman
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Embryonal Carcinoma ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Embryonal Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein ◽  
Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein

The SmN protein is a component of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles and is closely related to the ubiquitous SmB and B' splicing proteins. It is expressed in a limited range of tissues and cell types, including several undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cell lines and undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. The protein declines to undetectable levels when embryonal carcinoma or embryonic stem cells are induced to differentiate, producing primitive endoderm or parietal endoderm or yielding embryonal bodies. This decline is due to a corresponding decrease in the level of the SmN mRNA. The potential role of SmN in the regulation of alternative splicing in embryonic cell lines and early embryos is discussed.

scholarly journals Regulated expression of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle protein SmN in embryonic stem cell differentiation.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 6817-6820 ◽  
Author(s):  
N G Sharpe ◽  
D G Williams ◽  
D S Latchman
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Embryonal Carcinoma ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Embryonal Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein ◽  
Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein

The SmN protein is a component of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles and is closely related to the ubiquitous SmB and B' splicing proteins. It is expressed in a limited range of tissues and cell types, including several undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cell lines and undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. The protein declines to undetectable levels when embryonal carcinoma or embryonic stem cells are induced to differentiate, producing primitive endoderm or parietal endoderm or yielding embryonal bodies. This decline is due to a corresponding decrease in the level of the SmN mRNA. The potential role of SmN in the regulation of alternative splicing in embryonic cell lines and early embryos is discussed.

scholarly journals Downregulation of E-cadherin in pluripotent stem cells triggers partial EMT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Aban ◽  
A. Lombardi ◽  
G. Neiman ◽  
M.C. Biani ◽  
A. La Greca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
E Cadherin

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical cellular process that has been well characterized during embryonic development and cancer metastasis and it also is implicated in several physiological and pathological events including embryonic stem cell differentiation. During early stages of differentiation, human embryonic stem cells pass through EMT where deeper morphological, molecular and biochemical changes occur. Though initially considered as a decision between two states, EMT process is now regarded as a fluid transition where cells exist on a spectrum of intermediate states. In this work, using a CRISPR interference system in human embryonic stem cells, we describe a molecular characterization of the effects of downregulation of E-cadherin, one of the main initiation events of EMT, as a unique start signal. Our results suggest that the decrease and delocalization of E-cadherin causes an incomplete EMT where cells retain their undifferentiated state while expressing several characteristics of a mesenchymal-like pheno-type. Namely, we found that E-cadherin downregulation induces SNAI1 and SNAI2 upregulation, promotes MALAT1 and LINC-ROR downregulation, modulates the expression of tight junction occludin 1 and gap junction connexin 43, increases human embryonic stem cells migratory capacity and delocalize b-catenin. Altogether, we believe our results provide a useful tool to model the molecular events of an unstable intermediate state and further identify multiple layers of molecular changes that occur during partial EMT.

scholarly journals HMGN1 Modulates Nucleosome Occupancy and DNase I Hypersensitivity at the CpG Island Promoters of Embryonic Stem Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (16) ◽  
pp. 3377-3389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Deng ◽  
Z. Iris Zhu ◽  
Shaofei Zhang ◽  
Fenfei Leng ◽  
Srujana Cherukuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Dnase I ◽  
Neural Progenitors ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Dnase I Hypersensitivity

Chromatin structure plays a key role in regulating gene expression and embryonic differentiation; however, the factors that determine the organization of chromatin around regulatory sites are not fully known. Here we show that HMGN1, a nucleosome-binding protein ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate cells, preferentially binds to CpG island-containing promoters and affects the organization of nucleosomes, DNase I hypersensitivity, and the transcriptional profile of mouse embryonic stem cells and neural progenitors. Loss of HMGN1 alters the organization of an unstable nucleosome at transcription start sites, reduces the number of DNase I-hypersensitive sites genome wide, and decreases the number of nestin-positive neural progenitors in the subventricular zone (SVZ) region of mouse brain. Thus, architectural chromatin-binding proteins affect the transcription profile and chromatin structure during embryonic stem cell differentiation.

scholarly journals ARID4B is critical for mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation towards mesoderm and endoderm, linking epigenetics to pluripotency exit

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (51) ◽  
pp. 17738-17751
Author(s):  
Nihal Terzi Cizmecioglu ◽  
Jialiang Huang ◽  
Ezgi G. Keskin ◽  
Xiaofeng Wang ◽  
Idil Esen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Cell Fate Decisions

Distinct cell types emerge from embryonic stem cells through a precise and coordinated execution of gene expression programs during lineage commitment. This is established by the action of lineage specific transcription factors along with chromatin complexes. Numerous studies have focused on epigenetic factors that affect embryonic stem cells (ESC) self-renewal and pluripotency. However, the contribution of chromatin to lineage decisions at the exit from pluripotency has not been as extensively studied. Using a pooled epigenetic shRNA screen strategy, we identified chromatin-related factors critical for differentiation toward mesodermal and endodermal lineages. Here we reveal a critical role for the chromatin protein, ARID4B. Arid4b-deficient mESCs are similar to WT mESCs in the expression of pluripotency factors and their self-renewal. However, ARID4B loss results in defects in up-regulation of the meso/endodermal gene expression program. It was previously shown that Arid4b resides in a complex with SIN3A and HDACS 1 and 2. We identified a physical and functional interaction of ARID4B with HDAC1 rather than HDAC2, suggesting functionally distinct Sin3a subcomplexes might regulate cell fate decisions Finally, we observed that ARID4B deficiency leads to increased H3K27me3 and a reduced H3K27Ac level in key developmental gene loci, whereas a subset of genomic regions gain H3K27Ac marks. Our results demonstrate that epigenetic control through ARID4B plays a key role in the execution of lineage-specific gene expression programs at pluripotency exit.

scholarly journals Hematopoietic commitment during embryonic stem cell differentiation in culture

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 473-486
Author(s):  
G Keller ◽  
M Kennedy ◽  
T Papayannopoulou ◽  
M V Wiles
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Embryoid Bodies ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Hematopoietic Development ◽  
Kit Ligand

We report that embryonic stem cells efficiently undergo differentiation in vitro to mesoderm and hematopoietic cells and that this in vitro system recapitulates days 6.5 to 7.5 of mouse hematopoietic development. Embryonic stem cells differentiated as embryoid bodies (EBs) develop erythroid precursors by day 4 of differentiation, and by day 6, more than 85% of EBs contain such cells. A comparative reverse transcriptase-mediated polymerase chain reaction profile of marker genes for primitive endoderm (collagen alpha IV) and mesoderm (Brachyury) indicates that both cell types are present in the developing EBs as well in normal embryos prior to the onset of hematopoiesis. GATA-1, GATA-3, and vav are expressed in both the EBs and embryos just prior to and/or during the early onset of hematopoiesis, indicating that they could play a role in the early stages of hematopoietic development both in vivo and in vitro. The initial stages of hematopoietic development within the EBs occur in the absence of added growth factors and are not significantly influenced by the addition of a broad spectrum of factors, including interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-1, IL-6, IL-11, erythropoietin, and Kit ligand. At days 10 and 14 of differentiation, EB hematopoiesis is significantly enhanced by the addition of both Kit ligand and IL-11 to the cultures. Kinetic analysis indicates that hematopoietic precursors develop within the EBs in an ordered pattern. Precursors of the primitive erythroid lineage appear first, approximately 24 h before precursors of the macrophage and definitive erythroid lineages. Bipotential neutrophil/macrophage and multilineage precursors appear next, and precursors of the mast cell lineage develop last. The kinetics of precursor development, as well as the growth factor responsiveness of these early cells, is similar to that found in the yolk sac and early fetal liver, indicating that the onset of hematopoiesis within the EBs parallels that found in the embryo.

scholarly journals Hematopoietic commitment during embryonic stem cell differentiation in culture.

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 473-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Keller ◽  
M Kennedy ◽  
T Papayannopoulou ◽  
M V Wiles
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Embryoid Bodies ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Hematopoietic Development ◽  
Kit Ligand

We report that embryonic stem cells efficiently undergo differentiation in vitro to mesoderm and hematopoietic cells and that this in vitro system recapitulates days 6.5 to 7.5 of mouse hematopoietic development. Embryonic stem cells differentiated as embryoid bodies (EBs) develop erythroid precursors by day 4 of differentiation, and by day 6, more than 85% of EBs contain such cells. A comparative reverse transcriptase-mediated polymerase chain reaction profile of marker genes for primitive endoderm (collagen alpha IV) and mesoderm (Brachyury) indicates that both cell types are present in the developing EBs as well in normal embryos prior to the onset of hematopoiesis. GATA-1, GATA-3, and vav are expressed in both the EBs and embryos just prior to and/or during the early onset of hematopoiesis, indicating that they could play a role in the early stages of hematopoietic development both in vivo and in vitro. The initial stages of hematopoietic development within the EBs occur in the absence of added growth factors and are not significantly influenced by the addition of a broad spectrum of factors, including interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-1, IL-6, IL-11, erythropoietin, and Kit ligand. At days 10 and 14 of differentiation, EB hematopoiesis is significantly enhanced by the addition of both Kit ligand and IL-11 to the cultures. Kinetic analysis indicates that hematopoietic precursors develop within the EBs in an ordered pattern. Precursors of the primitive erythroid lineage appear first, approximately 24 h before precursors of the macrophage and definitive erythroid lineages. Bipotential neutrophil/macrophage and multilineage precursors appear next, and precursors of the mast cell lineage develop last. The kinetics of precursor development, as well as the growth factor responsiveness of these early cells, is similar to that found in the yolk sac and early fetal liver, indicating that the onset of hematopoiesis within the EBs parallels that found in the embryo.

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