scholarly journals Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK) Regulates Phosphorylation of Filamin A on an Important Regulatory Site

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 3025-3035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele S. Woo ◽  
Yasutaka Ohta ◽  
Isaac Rabinovitz ◽  
Thomas P. Stossel ◽  
John Blenis
Keyword(s):  
Map Kinase ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Filamin A ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Membrane Ruffling ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Ribosomal S6 Kinase

ABSTRACT The Ras-mitogen-activated protein (Ras-MAP) kinase pathway regulates various cellular processes, including gene expression, cell proliferation, and survival. Ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), a key player in this pathway, modulates the activities of several cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins via phosphorylation. Here we report the characterization of the cytoskeletal protein filamin A (FLNa) as a membrane-associated RSK target. We show that the N-terminal kinase domain of RSK phosphorylates FLNa on Ser2152 in response to mitogens. Inhibition of MAP kinase signaling with UO126 or mutation of Ser2152 to Ala on FLNa prevents epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated phosphorylation of FLNa in vivo. Furthermore, phosphorylation of FLNa on Ser2152 is significantly enhanced by the expression of wild-type RSK and antagonized by kinase-inactive RSK or specific reduction of endogenous RSK. Strikingly, EGF-induced, FLNa-dependent migration of human melanoma cells is significantly reduced by UO126 treatment. Together, these data provide substantial evidence that RSK phosphorylates FLNa on Ser2152 in vivo. Given that phosphorylation of FLNa on Ser2152 is required for Pak1-mediated membrane ruffling, our results suggest a novel role for RSK in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton.

scholarly journals Phosphorylation of the c-Fos transrepression domain by mitogen-activated protein kinase and 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase

1993 ◽  
Vol 90 (23) ◽  
pp. 10952-10956 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Chen ◽  
C Abate ◽  
J Blenis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Ribosomal S6 Kinase

Phosphorylation of the C terminus of c-Fos has been implicated in serum response element-mediated repression of c-fos transcription after its induction by serum growth factors. The growth-regulated enzymes responsible for this phosphorylation in early G1 phase of the cell cycle and the sites of phosphorylation have not been identified. We now provide evidence that two growth-regulated, nucleus- and cytoplasm-localized protein kinases, 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase), contribute to the serum-induced phosphorylation of c-Fos. The major phosphopeptides derived from biosynthetically labeled c-Fos correspond to phosphopeptides generated after phosphorylation of c-Fos in vitro with both RSK and MAP kinase. The phosphorylation sites identified for RSK (Ser-362) and MAP kinase (Ser-374) are in the transrepression domain. Cooperative phosphorylation at these sites by both enzymes was observed in vitro and reflected in vivo by the predominance of the peptide phosphorylated on both sites, as opposed to singly phosphorylated peptides. This study suggests a role for nuclear RSK and MAP kinase in modulating newly synthesized c-Fos phosphorylation and downstream signaling.

scholarly journals p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 is associated with and dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2Cδ

2004 ◽  
Vol 382 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrik DOEHN ◽  
Steen GAMMELTOFT ◽  
Shi-Hsiang SHEN ◽  
Claus J. JENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 ◽  
P90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase ◽  
Ribosomal S6 Kinase

RSK2 (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2) is activated via the ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) pathway by phosphorylation on four sites: Ser227 in the activation loop of the N-terminal kinase domain, Ser369 in the linker, Ser386 in the hydrophobic motif and Thr577 in the C-terminal kinase domain of RSK2. In the present study, we demonstrate that RSK2 is associated in vivo with PP2Cδ (protein phosphatase 2Cδ). In epidermal growth factorstimulated cells, RSK2 is partially dephosphorylated on all four sites in an Mn2+-dependent manner, leading to reduced protein kinase activity. Furthermore, PP2Cδ is phosphorylated by ERK on Thr315 and Thr333 in the catalytic domain. Mutation of Thr315 and Thr333 to alanine in a catalytically inactive mutant PP2Cδ(H154D) (His154→Asp) increases the association with RSK2 significantly, whereas mutation to glutamate, mimicking phosphorylation, reduces the binding of RSK2. The domains of interaction are mapped to the N-terminal extension comprising residues 1–71 of PP2Cδ and the N-terminal kinase domain of RSK2. The interaction is specific, since PP2Cδ associates with RSK1–RSK4, MSK1 (mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1) and MSK2, but not with p70 S6 kinase or phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1. We conclude that RSK2 is associated with PP2Cδ in vivo and is partially dephosphorylated by it, leading to reduced kinase activity.

Defective regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in a 3T3 cell variant mitogenically nonresponsive to tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1002-1008
Author(s):  
G L'Allemain ◽  
T W Sturgill ◽  
M J Weber
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Tetradecanoyl Phorbol Acetate ◽  
Variant Cell ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Variant Cell Line

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase which is activated in response to various mitogenic agonists (e.g., epidermal growth factor, insulin, and the tumor promoter tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate [TPA]) and requires both threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation for activity. This enzyme has recently been shown to be identical or closely related to pp42, a protein which becomes tyrosine phosphorylated in response to mitogenic stimulation. Neither the kinases which regulate MAP kinase/pp42 nor the in vivo substrates for this enzyme are known. Because MAP MAP kinase is activated and phosphorylated in response both to agents which stimulate tyrosine kinase receptors and to agents which stimulate protein kinase C, a serine/threonine kinase, we have examined the regulation and phosphorylation of this enzyme in 3T3-TNR9 cells, a variant cell line partially defective in protein kinase C-mediated signalling. In this communication, we show that in the 3T3-TNR9 variant cell line, TPA does not cause the characteristically rapid phosphorylation of pp42 or the activation and phosphorylation of MAP kinase. This defective response is not due to the absence of the MAP kinase/pp42 protein itself because both tyrosine phosphorylation of MAP kinase/pp42 and its enzymatic activation could be induced by platelet-derived growth factor in the 3T3-TNR9 cells. Thus, the defect in these variant cells apparently resides in some aspect of the regulation of MAP kinase phosphorylation. Since the 3T3-TNR9 cells are also defective with respect to the TPA-induced increase in ribosomal protein S6 kinase, these in vivo results reinforce the earlier in vitro finding that MAP kinase can regulate S6 kinase activity. These findings suggest a key role for MAP kinase in a kinase cascade cascade involved in the control of cell proliferation.

scholarly journals Defective regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in a 3T3 cell variant mitogenically nonresponsive to tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate.

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1002-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L'Allemain ◽  
T W Sturgill ◽  
M J Weber
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Tetradecanoyl Phorbol Acetate ◽  
Variant Cell ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Variant Cell Line

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase which is activated in response to various mitogenic agonists (e.g., epidermal growth factor, insulin, and the tumor promoter tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate [TPA]) and requires both threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation for activity. This enzyme has recently been shown to be identical or closely related to pp42, a protein which becomes tyrosine phosphorylated in response to mitogenic stimulation. Neither the kinases which regulate MAP kinase/pp42 nor the in vivo substrates for this enzyme are known. Because MAP MAP kinase is activated and phosphorylated in response both to agents which stimulate tyrosine kinase receptors and to agents which stimulate protein kinase C, a serine/threonine kinase, we have examined the regulation and phosphorylation of this enzyme in 3T3-TNR9 cells, a variant cell line partially defective in protein kinase C-mediated signalling. In this communication, we show that in the 3T3-TNR9 variant cell line, TPA does not cause the characteristically rapid phosphorylation of pp42 or the activation and phosphorylation of MAP kinase. This defective response is not due to the absence of the MAP kinase/pp42 protein itself because both tyrosine phosphorylation of MAP kinase/pp42 and its enzymatic activation could be induced by platelet-derived growth factor in the 3T3-TNR9 cells. Thus, the defect in these variant cells apparently resides in some aspect of the regulation of MAP kinase phosphorylation. Since the 3T3-TNR9 cells are also defective with respect to the TPA-induced increase in ribosomal protein S6 kinase, these in vivo results reinforce the earlier in vitro finding that MAP kinase can regulate S6 kinase activity. These findings suggest a key role for MAP kinase in a kinase cascade cascade involved in the control of cell proliferation.

scholarly journals Epidermal growth factor stimulates the disruption of gap junctional communication and connexin43 phosphorylation independent of 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-sensitive protein kinase C: the possible involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase.

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 837-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Y Kanemitsu ◽  
A F Lau
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Gap Junctional Communication ◽  
Junctional Communication ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Phosphopeptide Mapping ◽  
Gap Junctional

We previously reported that epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced the disruption of gap junctional communication (gjc) and serine phosphorylation of connexin43 (Cx43) in T51B rat liver epithelial cells. However, the cascade of events linking EGF receptor activation to these particular responses have not been fully characterized. Furthermore, the serine kinase(s) acting directly on Cx43 remain unidentified. In the current study, we demonstrate that downmodulation of 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-sensitive protein kinase C (PKC) activity does not affect EGF's ability to reduce junctional permeability or phosphorylate Cx43 in T51B cells. EGF in the presence or absence of chronic TPA treatment stimulated marked increases in Cx43 phosphorylation on numerous sites as determined by two-dimensional tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. Computer-assisted sequence analysis of Cx43 identified several protein kinase phosphorylation consensus sites including two sites for mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. EGF stimulated activation of MAP kinase in a time- and dose-dependent manner where the kinetics of kinase activity corroborated its possible involvement in mediating EGF's effects. Moreover, purified MAP kinase directly phosphorylated Cx43 on serine residues in vitro. Two-dimensional tryptic and chymotryptic phosphopeptide mapping demonstrated that the in vitro phosphopeptides represented a specific subset of the in vivo phosphopeptides produced in response to EGF after chronic TPA treatment. Therefore, EGF-induced disruption of gjc and phosphorylation of Cx43 may be mediated in part by MAP kinase in vivo.

Bradykinin-stimulated protein synthesis by myocytes is dependent on the MAP kinase pathway and p70S6K

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (4) ◽  
pp. H1393-H1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca H. Ritchie ◽  
James D. Marsh ◽  
Rick J. Schiebinger
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Map Kinase Pathway ◽  
Ribosomal S6 Kinase ◽  
Pathway Inhibition ◽  
Kinase Pathway ◽  
Stimulation Of

Bradykinin (BK) has a direct hypertrophic effect on rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (VCM) as defined by an increase in protein synthesis and an increase in atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA and secretion. In the current study, we have examined the dependence of BK-induced protein synthesis on activation of 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p90rsk) and 70-kDa S6 kinase (p70S6K). Both of these kinases possess the ability to phosphorylate the ribosomal protein S6, which plays an important role in initiating mRNA translation. Stimulation of adult VCM with 10 μM BK increased p90rsk activity by 2.5 ± 0.3-fold and increased p70S6Kactivity by 2.0 ± 0.3-fold. p90rsk is a terminal kinase in the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. Inhibition of MAP kinase kinase activation by Raf in the MAP kinase pathway with PD-098059 (25 μM) blocked BK-stimulated activation of p90rsk by 70% and unexpectedly blocked p70S6K by 72%. Rapamycin inhibited BK-stimulated p70S6Kactivity by 93% but had no effect on p90rsk activation by BK. Inhibition of the MAP kinase pathway and p70S6K with PD-098059 was paralleled by changes in protein synthesis. BK (10 μM) increased [3H]phenylalanine incorporation by 27 ± 3 and 39 ± 6% in cultured adult and neonatal VCM, respectively. Treatment with PD-098059 or rapamycin abolished the increase in protein synthesis stimulated by BK. These results suggest that 1) BK activates p70S6K and p90rsk; 2) although both p70S6K and p90rsk have the potential to phosphorylate the ribosomal S6 protein, p70S6K and not p90rsk is the predominant kinase involved in increasing protein synthesis by BK; and 3) p70S6K activation is dependent on stimulation of the MAP kinase pathway at a point distal to Raf.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Two Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases: p38 MAP Kinase and Ribosomal S6 Kinase From Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), and Insight Into Their Roles in Response to BmNPV Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azharuddin Muhammad ◽  
Shahzad Toufeeq ◽  
Hai-Zhong Yu ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Shang-Zhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Map Kinase ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
P38 Map Kinase ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Ribosomal S6 Kinase

Abstract Proteins p38 map kinase and ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K) as members of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important roles against pathogens. In this study, Bmp38 and BmS6K were identified as differentially expressed proteins from iTRAQ database. Bmp38 and BmS6K were expressed, and recombinant proteins were purified. The bioinformatics analysis showed that both proteins have serine/threonine-protein kinases, catalytic domain (S_TKc) with 360 and 753 amino acids, respectively. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results suggest that Bmp38 and BmS6K had high expression in the midgut and hemolymph. The comparative expression level of Bmp38 and BmS6K in BC9 was upregulated than in P50 in the midgut after Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection. Western bolt results showed a positive correlation between RT-qPCR and iTRAQ data for Bmp38, but BmS6K data showed partial correlation with iTRAQ. Injection of anti-Bmp38 and anti-BmS6K serum suggested that Bmp38 may be involved against BmNPV infection, whereas BmS6K may require phosphorylation modification to inhibit BmNPV infection. Taken together, our results suggest that Bmp38 and BmS6k might play an important role in innate immunity of silkworm against BmNPV.

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