Explosive volcanic history and hazard zonation maps of Boquerón Volcano (San Salvador volcanic complex, El Salvador)

2013 ◽  
pp. 201-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ferrés ◽  
H. Delgado Granados ◽  
R.E. Gutiérrez ◽  
I.A. Farraz ◽  
E.W. Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Hazard Zonation ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Volcanic History ◽  
Zonation Maps

Three thousand years of flank and central vent eruptions of the San Salvador volcanic complex (El Salvador) and their effects on El Cambio archeological site: a review based on tephrostratigraphy

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 833-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ferrés ◽  
H. Delgado Granados ◽  
W. Hernández ◽  
C. Pullinger ◽  
H. Chávez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Archeological Site

scholarly journals Thematic vent opening probability maps and hazard assessment of small-scale pyroclastic density currents in the San Salvador volcanic complex (El Salvador) and Nejapa-Chiltepe volcanic complex (Nicaragua)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1639-1665
Author(s):  
Andrea Bevilacqua ◽  
Alvaro Aravena ◽  
Augusto Neri ◽  
Eduardo Gutiérrez ◽  
Demetrio Escobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Pyroclastic Density Currents ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Eruption Style ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Probability Maps ◽  
Cone Model

Abstract. The San Salvador volcanic complex (El Salvador) and Nejapa-Chiltepe volcanic complex (Nicaragua) have been characterized by a significant variability in eruption style and vent location. Densely inhabited cities are built on them and their surroundings, including the metropolitan areas of San Salvador (∼2.4 million people) and Managua (∼1.4 million people), respectively. In this study we present novel vent opening probability maps for these volcanic complexes, which are based on a multi-model approach that relies on kernel density estimators. In particular, we present thematic vent opening maps, i.e., we consider different hazardous phenomena separately, including lava emission, small-scale pyroclastic density currents, ejection of ballistic projectiles, and low-intensity pyroclastic fallout. Our volcanological dataset includes: (1) the location of past vents, (2) the mapping of the main fault structures, and (3) the eruption styles of past events, obtained from critical analysis of the literature and/or inferred from volcanic deposits and morphological features observed remotely and in the field. To illustrate the effects of considering the expected eruption style in the construction of vent opening maps, we focus on the analysis of small-scale pyroclastic density currents derived from phreatomagmatic activity or from low-intensity magmatic volcanism. For the numerical simulation of these phenomena we adopted the recently developed branching energy cone model by using the program ECMapProb. Our results show that the implementation of thematic vent opening maps can produce significantly different hazard levels from those estimated with traditional, non-thematic maps.

scholarly journals Thematic vent opening probability maps and hazard assessment of small-scale pyroclastic density currents in the San Salvador Volcanic Complex (El Salvador) and Nejapa-Chiltepe Volcanic Complex (Nicaragua)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bevilacqua ◽  
Alvaro Aravena ◽  
Augusto Neri ◽  
Eduardo Gutiérrez ◽  
Demetrio Escobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Pyroclastic Density Currents ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Eruption Style ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Probability Maps

Abstract. San Salvador Volcanic Complex (El Salvador) and Nejapa-Chiltepe Volcanic Complex (Nicaragua) have been characterized by a significant variability in eruption style and vent location. Densely inhabited cities are in their surroundings, including the metropolitan areas of San Salvador (~2.4 M people) and Managua (~1.4 M people), respectively. In this study we present novel vent opening probability maps for these volcanic complexes, which are based on a multi-model approach that relies on kernel density estimators. Our volcanological dataset includes: (1) the location of past vents, (2) the mapping of the main fault structures, and (3) the eruption styles of past events, obtained from the critical analysis of literature and/or inferred from volcanic deposits and morphological features observed remotely and in the field. In particular, we present thematic vent opening maps, i.e. we consider different hazardous phenomena separately, including lava emission, small-scale pyroclastic density currents, ejection of ballistic projectiles, and low-intensity pyroclastic fallout. To illustrate the effects of considering the expected eruption style in the construction of vent opening maps, we focus on the analysis of small-scale pyroclastic density currents derived from phreatomagmatic activity or from low-intensity magmatic volcanism. For the numerical simulation of these phenomena we adopted the recently developed branching energy cone model by using the program ECMapProb. Our results show that the implementation of thematic maps of vent opening can produce significantly different hazard levels from those estimated with traditional, non-thematic, maps.

scholarly journals Volcanic monitoring and hazard assessment in El Salvador

Volcanica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 183-201
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Antonio Castro Carcamo ◽  
Eduardo Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Volcanic Hazard ◽  
Volcano Monitoring ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Volcanic Arc ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Volcanic Monitoring

The Salvadorean volcanic range forms part of Central America Volcanic Arc and is located on the Pacific ring of fire. El Salvador is a country with at least twenty Holocene-active volcanic structures and where most of the population, including the metropolitan area of San Salvador, live near a volcanic complex. Currently, there are six active volcanoes that are continuously monitored by the Observatorio de Amenazas y Recursos Naturales, which is part of the Ministerio del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales. Volcano monitoring involves seismic, geochemical, and visual monitoring techniques, among others. In addition to volcano monitoring and with the aim of early warning of future eruptions, volcanic hazard maps and networks of local observers have been developed. These initiatives together with the general directorate of civil protection, seek to meet the goal of reducing risk from volcanic activity in El Salvador.  La cadena volcánica salvadoreña forma parte del Arco Volcánico de América Central y está localizada dentro de la zona conocida como cinturón de fuego del Pacífico. El Salvador es un país donde se encuentran al menos 20 estructuras volcánicas que han estado activas durante el Holoceno y donde la mayor parte de la población, incluyendo la ciudad capital San Salvador, está ubicada en las proximidades de algún complejo volcánico. Actualmente, seis volcanes activos son continuamente monitoreados por el Observatorio de Amenazas y Recursos Naturales, que es parte del Ministerio del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales. El monitoreo volcánico se realiza mediante técnicas de monitoreo sísmicas, geoquímicas, visuales, entre otras. Como complemento del trabajo de monitoreo, se han desarrollado mapas de amenaza volcánica y redes de observadores locales constituyendo así sistemas de alerta temprana ante futuras erupciones. Estas iniciativas, en conjunto con la dirección general de la protección civil, persiguen el objetivo de reducir el riesgo por actividad volcánica en El Salvador.

scholarly journals Cumulative Effects of Adding a Small Group Intervention to Social Network Testing on HIV Testing Rates Among Crack Users in San Salvador, El Salvador

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Dickson-Gomez ◽  
Sergey Tarima ◽  
Laura Glasman ◽  
Wendy Cuellar ◽  
Lorena Rivas de Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Group Interventions ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
The Social ◽  
Crack Users

AbstractThe present study evaluates a combination prevention intervention for crack users in San Salvador, El Salvador that included social network HIV testing, community events and small group interventions. We examined the cumulative effects of the social network HIV testing and small group interventions on rates of HIV testing, beyond the increase that we saw with the introduction of the social network HIV testing intervention alone. HIV test data was converted into the number of daily tests and analyzed the immediate and overtime impact of small group interventions during and in the twelve weeks after the small group intervention. The addition of the small group interventions to the baseline of monthly HIV tests resulted in increased rates of testing lasting 7 days after the small group interventions suggesting a reinforcing effect of small group interventions on testing rates.

Infection Control in El Salvador: The Hospital Rosales Experience

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Marinero Càceres ◽  
Yolanda de Sotello
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Infection Control Program ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Open Wards ◽  
Partial Correction

AbstractWe describe circumstances at the Hospital Rosales, located in San Salvador, El Salvador, and some salient observations from an infection control program begun in 1978. Findings include overuse of antibiotics, especially of penicillin and chloramphenicol; a predominance of gram-negative rod infections, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa; a relative infrequency of Staphylococcus aureus infections; an apparent doubling of the mean duration of hospitalization for patients with nosocomial infections compared with other patients (22.1 days versus 11.0 days); documentation and partial correction of deficiencies in aseptic and antiseptic practices; an outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis traced to the hospital's factory for the manufacturing of intravenous fluids; and attitudinal problems such as the care of patients with rabies on open wards. Prevalence surveys conducted during 1981 and 1986 suggest a dramatic increase in the recent incidence of surgical wound infection (44% v 28%, P < 0.001). This latter observation suggests a direct relationship between infection rates and the hardships imposed by poverty and civil war.

scholarly journals Presencia de plaguicidas organoclorados en sangre, El Salvador

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfredo Roberto Belteton Martinez ◽  
Carlos Hernández-Ávila ◽  
Elías Argueta ◽  
Susana Suarez Tamayo ◽  
Manuel Romero Pláceres
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
San Salvador

Resumen Introducción. Los plaguicidas organoclorados fueron utilizados en campañas de salud pública y en prácticas agrícolas Su uso fue prohibido al detectarse residuos tóxicos en tejidos grasos de animales y personas y su persistencia en el ambiente. En El Salvador aún se utilizan, comercializan y almacenan algunos de estos plaguicidas. Objetivo. Identificar la presencia de plaguicidas organoclorados en muestras sanguíneas, almacenadas en la seroteca del Laboratorio Nacional de Salud Pública. Metodología. Estudio transversal de las muestras almacenadas en la seroteca en el periodo de enero a octubre de 2018, analizadas a través del método de cromatografía de gases con detector de microcaptura de electrones. Resultados. Se identificó presencia de plaguicidas organoclorados en 33 muestras (34%); de las cuales 28 se detectaron en hombres. De las muestras positivas 27 eran personas mayores de 29 años. En los departamentos de La Libertad (7) y San Salvador (6) se identificó mayor cantidad de muestras positivas a plaguicidas para el Dichloro diphenyl dichloroethane y el Lindano. Conclusiones: Se identificó presencia de algunos plaguicidas organoclorados en las muestras de la seroteca del Laboratorio Nacional de Salud Pública, lo que da indicios de la exposición de la población a plaguicidas en el medio ambiente, agua y/o alimentos.

scholarly journals Landforms and rural development: The evolution of human settlements at alpine alluvial fans in the Admont Valley, Austria, since 1784 AD

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Andreas KELLERER-PIRKLBAUER ◽  
Julia EULENSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Hazard Zonation ◽  
Risk Zones ◽  
Zonation Maps ◽  
Francis I ◽  
Insight Into

We used two historical maps that cover vast areas of central and eastern Europe at rather large scale dating to 1784 (First Military Survey of the Habsburg Empire; total extent 640,000 km²; scale 1: 28,800) and 1824 (cadastral land register of Francis I; 670,000 km²; 1: 2,880) to extracted individual buildings located at several alluvial fans in one valley in Austria (Admont Valley). Historic buildings were mapped and compared with present building (airborne–laserscanning based; 2008–2017), geomorphic (landform distribution), geomorphodynamic (documented damaging events at torrents), and spatial planning (hazard zonation maps) data. Results show that 69.2% of all present buildings are located at only 7% of the study area. Whereas the 1784–data are too inaccurate and unprecise for detailed spatial analyses, the 1824–data are very accurate and precise allowing spatial and socio–economic insight into the population and building evolution over a 190–year period. Results show for instance that despite a tremendous increase in buildings (911 in 1824; 3554 in 2008–2017), the proportion of buildings exposed to torrents–related natural hazards significantly decreased by 10.4% for yellow (moderate–risk) and by 13.7% for red (high–risk) zones. Similar historio–geomorphological studies as presented here might be accomplished in other countries in central and eastern Europe covered by the indicated historical map products.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document