CONSTRAINTS ON THE HALOGEN CONTENT OF MARTIAN MAGMAS AND DEGASSING OF CHLORINE-RICH FLUIDS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Filiberto ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Halogen Content

scholarly journals Chemical Recycling of WEEE Plastics—Production of High Purity Monocyclic Aromatic Chemicals

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Tobias Rieger ◽  
Jessen C. Oey ◽  
Volodymyr Palchyk ◽  
Alexander Hofmann ◽  
Matthias Franke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Fractional Distillation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Halogen Content ◽  
Methyl Styrene

More than 200 kg real waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) shredder residues from a German dismantling plant were treated at 650 °C in a demonstration scale thermochemical conversion plant. The focus within this work was the generation, purification, and analysis of pyrolysis oil. Subsequent filtration and fractional distillation were combined to yield basic chemicals in high purity. By means of fractional distillation, pure monocyclic aromatic fractions containing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX aromatics) as well as styrene and α-methyl styrene were isolated for chemical recycling. Mass balances were determined, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as well as energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) measurements provided data on the purity and halogen content of each fraction. This work shows that thermochemical conversion and the subsequent refining by fractional distillation is capable of recycling WEEE shredder residues, producing pure BTEX and other monocyclic aromatic fractions. A significant decrease of halogen content (up to 99%) was achieved with the applied methods.

scholarly journals Update on Monoterpenes from Red Macroalgae: Isolation, Analysis, and Bioactivity

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Ana-Marija Cikoš ◽  
Mladenka Jurin ◽  
Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac ◽  
Stela Jokić ◽  
Igor Jerković
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Red Macroalgae ◽  
Methylerythritol Phosphate ◽  
Halogenated Monoterpenes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Halogen Content

Macroalgae produce a wide range of monoterpenes as secondary metabolites of mevalonate (MVA) and/or methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway (often including haloperoxidase action). Great biodiversity of macroalgal monoterpenes was reported including acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic structures. Halogenated monoterpenes exhibited significant biological activity (e.g., anticancer, antiplasmodial, and insecticidal) that is influenced by the number of present halogens (higher halogen content is preferable, especially bromine) and their position within the monoterpene skeleton. In distinction from the existing reviews, the present review provides novelty with respect to: (a) exclusively monoterpenes from red macroalgae are targeted; (b) biosynthesis, isolation, and analysis, as well as bioactivity of monoterpenes are represented; (c) the methods of their isolation, analysis, and structure elucidation are summarized; (d) the bioactivity of macroalgal monoterpenes is systematically presented with emphasis on anticancer activity; (e) the literature references were updated.

scholarly journals Guidelines for the design, installation and operation of incinerators

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P Slabber ◽  
W.A Potgieter
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Prevention Act ◽  
Dioxins And Furans ◽  
Incineration Process ◽  
Halogen Content ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Waste Destruction

Incineration of hazardous and medical (clinical) waste crepates an air pollution problem which s at the moment controlled in terms of the Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Act of 1965. It is exercised by officials from local authorities in accordance with part 3 of the Act and is very specialized. Consequently, officials from local authorities are not always trained to do this, especially at the smaller municipalities. Therefore, this function is dealt with in the wrong manner, or not dealt with at all. Incinirators are to be classified into three categories, namely incinirators where the refuse that is being burnt is also used as fuel or as supplementary fuel, incinerators which are not used for medical and hazardous waste destruction. If halogens like chlorine are present in teh waste, then there is a difinite possibility that dioxins and furans will be emitted during the incineration process. With a halogen content of more than 1% in the waste a minimum tempature of 1100 degree celsius for 2 senconds at the inner wall of the secondary chamber is imperative. For cytotoxic waste teh temperature must be at least 1000 degree celsius.

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ORGANIC MATTER EXTRACTED BY DILUTE INORGANIC ACIDS FROM A PODZOLIC B HORIZON

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Wright ◽  
M. Schnitzer ◽  
R. Levick
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Number Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Halogen Content ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Almost All

Organic matter was extracted from the B21horizon of a podzol soil by both 0.5 per cent HF and 0.5 per cent HCl. Dialysis of the extracts against distilled water reduced the halogen content to less than 0.1 per cent and the iron plus aluminium to between two and three millimoles per gram of organic matter. Further treatment of this water-dialysed material with EDTA and 8-hydroxyquinoline removed almost all of the iron and about two-thirds of the aluminium.The number average molecular weight of the organic matter, as determined by osmometry, ranged between 47,000 and 53,800. Paper electrophoresis studies showed that this organic matter consisted chiefly of one component, negatively charged, dark-brown in colour and mobile over the pH range investigated (1.8 – 9.0). Only traces to small amounts of glucose, galactose, arabinose and xylose were detected by paper chromatography in both the HF and HCl extracts even after hydrolysis. In addition traces of rhamnose were found in the hydrolyzed HF extract.

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