SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF METEORITIC CARRIER PHASES IN PALEOARCHEAN SPHERULE LAYERS FROM SOUTH AFRICA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Koeberl ◽  
◽  
Toni Schulz ◽  
Toni Schulz ◽  
Oliver Heldwein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Spatial Distribution

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Analysis and Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Quality in Roundhill Landfill Vicinity of South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117862211987277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Nyika ◽  
Ednah Onyari
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate

Groundwater is the most reliable resource for consumptive uses worldwide, but it is vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution in this post-industrialization era. Pollution of the resource may result from anthropogenic activities; hence, analysing the effects of leachate on groundwater is imperative. This study assessed the spatial distribution of physicochemical parameters of groundwater in Roundhill landfill vicinity of South Africa and conducted their hydrogeochemical analysis. Water samples were collected from 3 boreholes in the landfill surroundings and analysed for selected physicochemical characteristics. Spatial distribution of these parameters showed dominant pollution by Mn2+, Fe2+, and [Formula: see text], which surpassed prescribed allowable limits of the country in most of the study area. Possibilities of simple dissolution and ion mixing were deduced from the Durov diagram. Magnesium carbonate, sodium chloride, and mixed faces of groundwater were dominant in boreholes 1 to 3, respectively. The dominance of Ca2+, Cl−, Mg2+, and [Formula: see text] ions in some boreholes suggested anthropogenic pollution. Landfill leachate was associated with groundwater pollution in the study area.

Biological and Physical Factors Controlling the Spatial Distribution of the Intertidal Alga Gelidium Pristoides in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Carter ◽  
R. J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Distribution Limit ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Intertidal Alga

Gelidium pristoides dominates the lower and mid-eulittoral zones of rocky shores in the eastern Cape, South Africa. A disproportionately high percentage of the plants is attached to barnacle and limpet shells, or restricted to rock crevices. Our experiments at Port Alfred indicate that this distribution is caused by grazing by the limpet Patella oculus and/or strength of attachment of the plants to the different substrata. Exclusion of limpets caused an approximately four-fold increase in the cover of G. pristoides on rock, and an increase from almost 0 to 80% cover on sterilised (dead) limpet shells. Measurements showed G. pristoides to be more than 50% more strongly attached to barnacle and limpet shells than to rock. The distribution of G. pristoides on the various substrata is largely determined by limpet grazing and possibly the different strengths of attachment to the different substrata. The upper distribution limit of G. pristoides is set by physical effects of emersion and was largely unaffected by limpet exclusion. Competition with other algae is important in setting the lower limit: in the sublittoral fringe, although limpet exclusion enhanced recruitment, juveniles were later displaced by articulated corallines, and adult transplants senesced because of encrusting coralline epiphytes.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of DDT and Its Metabolites in Soils from Indoor Residual Spraying in Tshilamusi Village, Limpopo

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Gitari ◽  
Tonderai Makoni ◽  
Vernon Somerset ◽  
Omotola Babajide
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Vhembe District ◽  
Concentration Levels

The continued application of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in indoor residual spraying has posed significant threat to human health in Northern part of South Africa, despite its ban. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and spatial distribution of DDTs and its metabolites in surface soil (30 samples) collected in and around the spray homesteads; demarcated into three concentric zones A, B, C in Tshilamusi Vhembe district, South Africa. DDTs were the most abundant of all the OCPs chemicals found in soil samples. The concentrations of DDT range from 12.19 to 65.69 µg/kg, with the highest occurring at zone A which is the zone of application. DDTs and all its metabolites considered in this study were found in appreciable concentrations in soil of Zones B and C, far from spray sites. The results showed a strong correlation between distance and concentration levels of DDTs and its metabolites. However, there is a need for proper monitoring of OCPs chemicals in other environmental matrices as well as relevant agencies enforcing strict adherence to regulations on consumption of OCPs.

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