scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Experimental evidence for crustal control over seismic fault segmentation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthe Lefevre
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Model Validation ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Fault Segmentation ◽  
Seismic Fault ◽  
Set Up

Experimental set-up, model validation, materials properties, experiment results, and seismogenic thickness values.<br>

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Experimental evidence for crustal control over seismic fault segmentation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthe Lefevre
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Model Validation ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Fault Segmentation ◽  
Seismic Fault ◽  
Set Up

Experimental set-up, model validation, materials properties, experiment results, and seismogenic thickness values.<br>

scholarly journals Estimation of the combustion products from the cylinder of the petrol engine and its relation to "knock"

1935 ◽  
Vol 234 (744) ◽  
pp. 433-521 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Pressure And Temperature ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
Engine Knock ◽  
Slow Combustion ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Exhaust Valves

As a result of a variety of experiments it was suggested in 1928 that engine “knock” “appears to be due to inequality in the condition of the charge (in the engine cylinder) set up, particularly in regions of high pressure and temperature as in the neighbourhood of hot exhaust valves. This inequality provides regions of high energy containing molecules in high energy states where reaction can spread more quickly.” This view was a little vague, and was arrived at from indirect experimental evidence. It was with a view to obtaining more precise evidence that knock was occasioned in the flame as the result of processes of slow combustion occurring in the gaseous charge prior to its arrival that the present work was undertaken. Callendar and those working with him had simultaneously arrived at the conclusion that “knock” was occasioned in much the same manner, but they adopted the more definite view that peroxides of the hydrocarbons were formed and stored in the gas, and then suddenly detonated, so igniting a whole region of the gas simultaneously. This view had also been advanced by Moureu and Dufraisse.

Electro-thermal-based finite element simulation and experimental validation of material removal in static gap single-spark die-sinking electro-discharge machining process

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Assarzadeh ◽  
Majid Ghoreishi
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal ◽  
Thermal Flux ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Discharge Time ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Single Discharge ◽  
Plasma Radius ◽  
Set Up

Existing single spark models are subjected to too simplistic assumptions such as uniform or point heat source, constant plasma radius, invariable materials properties and constant surface temperature during discharge making them far from reality. In this study, more realistic assumptions including Gaussian type distribution of spark heat flux, temperature dependent materials properties, latent heat of melting and expanding plasma channel with pulse current and time have been made to establish a comprehensive modeling platform. The ABAQUS FEM software has been used to simulate the mechanism of crater formation due to a single discharge. The non-uniform thermal flux was programmed through the DFLUX subroutine. The simulation results show that the temperature of work piece decreases as the discharge time increases while the volume of melted and evaporated material increases. A specially designed single spark experimental set-up was developed in laboratory to carry out a few single spark tests for verification purposes. The obtained craters morphologies were examined by optical microscopy and scanning profilometer. It has been shown that the present approach outperforms other previously developed thermal models with respect to cavity outline and size possessing the maximum confirmation errors of 18.1% and 14.1% in predicting crater radius and depth, respectively. Parametric analysis reveals that the melting boundary moves onward by increasing discharge current, whereas it moves back prolonging discharge time. Finally, a closer proximity to experimental material removal rates than those predicted by analytical approach has been recognized which confirms its more precise generalization capabilities towards the real state EDM process.

scholarly journals Photographic investigation of flame movements in gaseous explosions. Parts IV, V and VI

1931 ◽  
Vol 230 (681-693) ◽  
pp. 363-385 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Set Up

In Part III of our previous memoir* upon “ Flame Movements in Carbonic Oxide-Oxygen Explosions ” experiments were described showing certain effects of superimposed “ shock waves ” upon flame-velocities up to the development of detonation in such explosions. Also the phenomenon of “ spin ” in the detonation of carbonic oxide-oxygen mixtures, first observed in 1926 by C. CAMPBELL and D. W. WOODHEAD, was illustrated, but its further discussion deferred pending the accumulation of more experimental evidence. In reviewing the experiments in ‘Nature’ the late Professor H. B. DIXON said they had revealed how shock waves catching up an accelerating flame, and vice versa , may impose a succession of “ uniform movements ” upon it, and how such waves ahead of the flame may set up “ detonation ” in explosions, a point of which, though formerly he had doubted, he had now been quite convinced.

scholarly journals Studies on the flexor reflex.-V. General conclusions

1931 ◽  
Vol 107 (754) ◽  
pp. 597-605 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Reflex Activity ◽  
Flexor Reflex ◽  
Afferent Nerves ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Afferent Terminals ◽  
Antidromic Volley

The experiments described in the preceding four papers bear on various problems presented by reflex activity. Their results confirm some of the inferences already drawn elsewhere from other experimental work, and they allow certain further inferences. A brief prefatory statement of all these inferences and of the experimental evidence which allows them will advantageously introduce the description of the processes set up in the ipselateral flexor centres of the spinal cord by a single centripetal volley and by a single antidromic volley. Then, finally, discussion of the theories of reflex excitation can be undertaken in the light of the present experimental observations. the statement treats of the subject in its present phase only; the references to relevant papers are therefore restricted in the main to the more recent ones. II. Inferences from Experimental Observations. 1. The convergence of Different Afferent Paths on the same Motoneurones The following evidence shows that this occurs:- (a) Histological .-Each motoneurone receives its “ boutons terminaux ” from many individual afferent terminals (Cajal, 1903). (b) Physiological .-Centripetal volleys set up in different afferent nerves excite the same motoneurones (Camis, 1909; Cooper, Denny-Brown, and Sherrington, 1926; 1927; Sherrington, 1929; Cooper and Denny-Brown, 1929 ; Eccles and Sherrington, 1930 ; 1931, a ; 1931, b ).

From Traditional to Virtual Design of Machine-Tools: A Long Way to Go ... Part 1 — Problem Identification and Model Validation

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Bedini ◽  
Giovanni Tani ◽  
Alessandro Fortunato ◽  
Giovanni Gallorini ◽  
Claudio Mantega
Keyword(s):  
Model Validation ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Problem Identification ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Traditional Design ◽  
Set Up

This paper reports the final results of research devoted to providing a package of tools for the Virtual Design of Machining Centers for an Italian manufacturer involved until today with traditional design procedures. The general thematics of Virtual Design have been realistically defined and focalised on the topics of particular interest for the firm; these constraints are analysed and the chosen solutions discussed. The paper also reports on the experimental validation of some complex parameters of the models of the Machining Centers already set up.

scholarly journals Experimental evidence for inherent Lévy search behaviour in foraging animals

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1807) ◽  
pp. 20150424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kölzsch ◽  
Adriana Alzate ◽  
Frederic Bartumeus ◽  
Monique de Jager ◽  
Ellen J. Weerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Landscape Complexity ◽  
Search Behaviour ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Behavioural Strategy ◽  
Lévy Walks ◽  
Set Up

Recently, Lévy walks have been put forward as a new paradigm for animal search and many cases have been made for its presence in nature. However, it remains debated whether Lévy walks are an inherent behavioural strategy or emerge from the animal reacting to its habitat. Here, we demonstrate signatures of Lévy behaviour in the search movement of mud snails ( Hydrobia ulvae ) based on a novel, direct assessment of movement properties in an experimental set-up using different food distributions. Our experimental data uncovered clusters of small movement steps alternating with long moves independent of food encounter and landscape complexity. Moreover, size distributions of these clusters followed truncated power laws. These two findings are characteristic signatures of mechanisms underlying inherent Lévy-like movement. Thus, our study provides clear experimental evidence that such multi-scale movement is an inherent behaviour rather than resulting from the animal interacting with its environment.

An Observation on Human Resistance to Infection with Ascaris from the Pig

1931 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. C. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Infection Experiments

The question as to whether Ascaris from the pig may be transmitted to man, and its converse, have long been recognised as being of considerable public health importance. Hitherto the evidence, both epidemiological and experimental, is somewhat in favour of the belief that human Ascaris and Ascaris from the pig are not interchangeable as to their respective hosts. Experimental evidence in support of this was supplied in 1922 by Koino, who swallowed a large number of embryonated eggs from the pig form, and although severe pneumonic symptoms were set up by the migrating larvæ, the latter did not complete their development, and no intestinal infestation followed. A similar negative result was obtained by Payne, Ackert and Hartman (1925), from infection experiments performed on themselves and on a rhesus monkey; they also fed large numbers of human Ascaris eggs to pigs but without success. Some epidemiological evidence has also been furnished by these workers, for they indicated that although in Trinidad and Arouca the circumstances were favourable for reciprocal infection, yet the incidence of Ascaris in man and pigs in these regions in no way suggested that such a condition of affairs obtained.

Cavitation in Ice-Milling With a Podded Propulsor

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Atlar ◽  
Ika Prasetyawan ◽  
Wasis Dwi Aryawan ◽  
Dazheng Wang ◽  
Noriyuki Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Podded Propulsor ◽  
Milling Condition ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Time

Some experimental evidence of cavitation and effect of other parameters, which influence the performance of an ice-class podded propulsor in blockage and milling condition, are presented for the first time. Conducting ice-milling tests in cavitation tunnels is extremely rare due to complexity of the tests as well as the neglected effect of cavitation. The paper describes the details of a novel test set up and preliminary results to demonstrate the importance of the cavitation and presents a proposal how to consider this effect in the design of an ice-class propeller.

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