scholarly journals Photographic investigation of flame movements in gaseous explosions. Parts IV, V and VI

1931 ◽  
Vol 230 (681-693) ◽  
pp. 363-385 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Set Up

In Part III of our previous memoir* upon “ Flame Movements in Carbonic Oxide-Oxygen Explosions ” experiments were described showing certain effects of superimposed “ shock waves ” upon flame-velocities up to the development of detonation in such explosions. Also the phenomenon of “ spin ” in the detonation of carbonic oxide-oxygen mixtures, first observed in 1926 by C. CAMPBELL and D. W. WOODHEAD, was illustrated, but its further discussion deferred pending the accumulation of more experimental evidence. In reviewing the experiments in ‘Nature’ the late Professor H. B. DIXON said they had revealed how shock waves catching up an accelerating flame, and vice versa , may impose a succession of “ uniform movements ” upon it, and how such waves ahead of the flame may set up “ detonation ” in explosions, a point of which, though formerly he had doubted, he had now been quite convinced.

scholarly journals Estimation of the combustion products from the cylinder of the petrol engine and its relation to "knock"

1935 ◽  
Vol 234 (744) ◽  
pp. 433-521 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Pressure And Temperature ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
Engine Knock ◽  
Slow Combustion ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Exhaust Valves

As a result of a variety of experiments it was suggested in 1928 that engine “knock” “appears to be due to inequality in the condition of the charge (in the engine cylinder) set up, particularly in regions of high pressure and temperature as in the neighbourhood of hot exhaust valves. This inequality provides regions of high energy containing molecules in high energy states where reaction can spread more quickly.” This view was a little vague, and was arrived at from indirect experimental evidence. It was with a view to obtaining more precise evidence that knock was occasioned in the flame as the result of processes of slow combustion occurring in the gaseous charge prior to its arrival that the present work was undertaken. Callendar and those working with him had simultaneously arrived at the conclusion that “knock” was occasioned in much the same manner, but they adopted the more definite view that peroxides of the hydrocarbons were formed and stored in the gas, and then suddenly detonated, so igniting a whole region of the gas simultaneously. This view had also been advanced by Moureu and Dufraisse.

ESWL and informatics

1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-62
Author(s):  
S. Cavalleri ◽  
M. Rahmati ◽  
D. Schiavone
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Set Up

Some functions of the lithotriptor, like the targeting of the stone, the generation and synchronisation of shock waves, the recognition of errors in the system and printing of the description of the treatment, couldn't be done without a computerised control. As the lithotriptor lacks an interface with a storage system for the treatments, we set up a specific database for ESWL which makes it possible to verify the result of previous treatments and to correlate the data of extracorporeal treatments with clinical data. Finally our programme generates an automatised report, producing a more complete document than that printed by the lithotriptor.

scholarly journals Studies on the flexor reflex.-V. General conclusions

1931 ◽  
Vol 107 (754) ◽  
pp. 597-605 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Reflex Activity ◽  
Flexor Reflex ◽  
Afferent Nerves ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Afferent Terminals ◽  
Antidromic Volley

The experiments described in the preceding four papers bear on various problems presented by reflex activity. Their results confirm some of the inferences already drawn elsewhere from other experimental work, and they allow certain further inferences. A brief prefatory statement of all these inferences and of the experimental evidence which allows them will advantageously introduce the description of the processes set up in the ipselateral flexor centres of the spinal cord by a single centripetal volley and by a single antidromic volley. Then, finally, discussion of the theories of reflex excitation can be undertaken in the light of the present experimental observations. the statement treats of the subject in its present phase only; the references to relevant papers are therefore restricted in the main to the more recent ones. II. Inferences from Experimental Observations. 1. The convergence of Different Afferent Paths on the same Motoneurones The following evidence shows that this occurs:- (a) Histological .-Each motoneurone receives its “ boutons terminaux ” from many individual afferent terminals (Cajal, 1903). (b) Physiological .-Centripetal volleys set up in different afferent nerves excite the same motoneurones (Camis, 1909; Cooper, Denny-Brown, and Sherrington, 1926; 1927; Sherrington, 1929; Cooper and Denny-Brown, 1929 ; Eccles and Sherrington, 1930 ; 1931, a ; 1931, b ).

scholarly journals Explosion waves and shock waves VI. The disturbance produced by bursting diaphragms with compressed air

1946 ◽  
Vol 186 (1006) ◽  
pp. 293-321 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Vortex Formation ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Compressed Gas ◽  
Compression And Expansion ◽  
Uniform Tube ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Gases

Experimental verification of the theoretical relationships governing the motion of shock waves has been derived from an investigation into the development of the disturbance set up in a uniform tube when a body of compressed gas, confined at one end by means of a copper diaphragm, is released by rupture of the diaphragm. The wave-speed camera has been used to obtain continuous Schlieren records of the passage of these effects along the tube and to analyse their properties under a variety of experim ental conditions, the main variations being those caused by the use of different thicknesses of diaphragm, different lengths of compression and expansion chambers, and of different gases in these chambers. The pressure effects released on the rupture of the diaphragm are the shock wave, a vortex formation and the expanding gases from behind the diaphragm. Schlieren snapshot (spark) photographs have been obtained showing the structure of these pressure effects when they are projected from the end of the tube into free air. The photographs show, in addition to these details, the establishment of a system of stationary sound waves. Diagrams have been constructed based on the experimental data showing the apparent form of the wave during various phases of its progress.

Evolution and Coevolution: Dynamic Knowledge Capability Building for Catching-up in Emerging Economies

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Dong ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Na Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Capability Building ◽  
Knowledge Capability ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Set Up

ABSTRACTKnowledge has always been a strategic resource for firms; however, there is a lack of research regarding how a firm's knowledge management (KM) contributes to its capability catching-up and adaptation in emerging economies. This article focuses on the knowledge capability building of Chinese private firms that were set up in the 1990s and pays particular attention to how firms with limited resources and knowledge went on to achieve remarkable success. This paper presents its analysis through a multi-level co-evolutionary lens and a case study on the Li-Ning Company. The case study depicts the macro coevolution between the changing business environment and the firm's strategic choices, as well as the micro coevolution of the organizational strategy and the KM orientations, processes, and infrastructures within the firm. The research sheds light on the dynamic capability building trajectory for the firms in emerging economies.

scholarly journals Skerman and beyond: 2019 status of the Global Catalogue of Microorganisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Juncai Ma ◽  
Linhuan Wu ◽  
İpek Kurtböke
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Sequencing Project ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Set Up

The World Federation for Culture Collections (WFCC)-MIRCEN World Data Centre for Microorganisms (WDCM) was set up as a data centre of WFCC and UNESCO World Network of Microbiological Resources Centres (MIRCEN). The WDCM is a vehicle for networking microbial resource centres of various types of microorganisms. It also serves as an information resource for the customers of the microbial resource centres (http://www.wdcm.org/). The WDCM was established in 1966 by the late Professor V.B.D. Skerman in Australia, later moved to Japan in 1986 and since 2010 is based in China under the Directorship of Dr Juncai Ma. Current databases at the WDCM are the Culture Collections Information Worldwide (CCINFO), Global Catalogue of Microorganisms (GCM) and the WDCM Reference Strain Catalogue. In addition, Analyzer of Bio-resource citations (ABC) and Statistics on Patented Microorganisms are available (http://www.wdcm.org/databases.html). In this article the status of the GCM and its associated 10K type strain sequencing project that currently provides services to taxonomists for standard genome sequencing and annotation will be communicated.

Transformation and catching-up issues in Hungary — From a network alignment perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-216
Author(s):  
A. Szalavetz
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Network Failure ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Fieldwork Experience ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Number Of Publications

Awareness about the growing role of networks in economic activity keeps rapidly increasing as reflected by the number of publications in international academic literature. This literature is, however, concerned with the advantages of network-based cooperation, while analyses of network failure and inferior-to-expectations outcomes remain scarce. This paper adds to the accumulating evidence that network formation and network integration are no panacea: similarly to the much-researched and analysed phenomena of market failure or government (state) failure, there is such thing as network failure .Combining theoretical arguments with Hungarian fieldwork experience originating from the author’s past investigations, cases of network failure and network misalignment both within the innovation system and within producer networks are examined. Another focus of this paper is institutional and policy (mis)alignment, i.e. the question, how the institutional set-up facilitates or works against achieving developmental goals in Hungary. We claim that though networks have an impact on development outcomes, the effectiveness of networks, i.e. their developmental role and the value of network ties are continuously shaped by network actors’ capabilities and behaviour.

scholarly journals Experimental evidence for inherent Lévy search behaviour in foraging animals

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1807) ◽  
pp. 20150424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kölzsch ◽  
Adriana Alzate ◽  
Frederic Bartumeus ◽  
Monique de Jager ◽  
Ellen J. Weerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Landscape Complexity ◽  
Search Behaviour ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Behavioural Strategy ◽  
Lévy Walks ◽  
Set Up

Recently, Lévy walks have been put forward as a new paradigm for animal search and many cases have been made for its presence in nature. However, it remains debated whether Lévy walks are an inherent behavioural strategy or emerge from the animal reacting to its habitat. Here, we demonstrate signatures of Lévy behaviour in the search movement of mud snails ( Hydrobia ulvae ) based on a novel, direct assessment of movement properties in an experimental set-up using different food distributions. Our experimental data uncovered clusters of small movement steps alternating with long moves independent of food encounter and landscape complexity. Moreover, size distributions of these clusters followed truncated power laws. These two findings are characteristic signatures of mechanisms underlying inherent Lévy-like movement. Thus, our study provides clear experimental evidence that such multi-scale movement is an inherent behaviour rather than resulting from the animal interacting with its environment.

scholarly journals Explosion waves and shock waves. Part I.—The wave-speed camera and its application to the photography of bullets in flight

1931 ◽  
Vol 132 (819) ◽  
pp. 200-213 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Photographic Method ◽  
Explosive Mixture ◽  
Horizontal Movement ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Short Columns ◽  
And Shock Waves

Photographic Methods for Measuring Velocities .—Two methods have been used to determine rates of detonation in gases, the chronographic method first used by Berthelot and Vieille and the photographic method of Mallard and Le Chatelier. The second method has proved the more useful in practice and, as developed by the late Professor H. B. Dixon, has been adopted almost universally by other workers. Not only has it the advantage that it provides a means of measuring the rate of detonation in short columns of gas, but it also allows the after movements of the flame and gases to be analysed. The method makes use of a revolving drum around which a sensitised film is wrapped. A camera lens gives an image of the horizontal glass tube containing the explosive mixture as a horizontal line across the width of the film. As the drum rotates on its horizontal axis, the film has a motion which is sensibly vertical at the focus of the lens, so that the image records an inclined trace compounded of the horizontal movement of the flame and the vertical move­ment of the film.

An Observation on Human Resistance to Infection with Ascaris from the Pig

1931 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. C. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Infection Experiments

The question as to whether Ascaris from the pig may be transmitted to man, and its converse, have long been recognised as being of considerable public health importance. Hitherto the evidence, both epidemiological and experimental, is somewhat in favour of the belief that human Ascaris and Ascaris from the pig are not interchangeable as to their respective hosts. Experimental evidence in support of this was supplied in 1922 by Koino, who swallowed a large number of embryonated eggs from the pig form, and although severe pneumonic symptoms were set up by the migrating larvæ, the latter did not complete their development, and no intestinal infestation followed. A similar negative result was obtained by Payne, Ackert and Hartman (1925), from infection experiments performed on themselves and on a rhesus monkey; they also fed large numbers of human Ascaris eggs to pigs but without success. Some epidemiological evidence has also been furnished by these workers, for they indicated that although in Trinidad and Arouca the circumstances were favourable for reciprocal infection, yet the incidence of Ascaris in man and pigs in these regions in no way suggested that such a condition of affairs obtained.

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