scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Hooked on salt: Rethinking Alpine tectonics in Hallstatt (Eastern Alps, Austria)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Fernández ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Alpine Tectonics ◽  
Digital Outcrop

Digital outcrop model of the Echernwand and description of the methodologies used for digital outcrop construction and for cross-section construction and restoration.<br>

Supplemental Material: Hooked on salt: Rethinking Alpine tectonics in Hallstatt (Eastern Alps, Austria)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Fernández ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Alpine Tectonics ◽  
Digital Outcrop

Digital outcrop model of the Echernwand and description of the methodologies used for digital outcrop construction and for cross-section construction and restoration.<br>

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Hooked on salt: Rethinking Alpine tectonics in Hallstatt (Eastern Alps, Austria)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Fernández ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Alpine Tectonics ◽  
Digital Outcrop

Digital outcrop model of the Echernwand and description of the methodologies used for digital outcrop construction and for cross-section construction and restoration.<br>

Plant communities of mountain grasslands in a broad cross-section of the Eastern Alps

Flora ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 206 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lüth ◽  
Erich Tasser ◽  
Georg Niedrist ◽  
Josef Dalla Via ◽  
Ulrike Tappeiner
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Mountain Grasslands ◽  
Broad Cross Section

Deformed displacive halite crystals: Diagenetic or tectonic origin?

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Christoph Leitner ◽  
Robert Marschallinger ◽  
Konstantin Huber
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Acute Angle ◽  
Crystal Habit ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Alpine Tectonics ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Equal Side ◽  
Oriented Parallel ◽  
The Right ◽  
3D Software

ABSTRACT Displacive halite crystals in fine-grained sediments are a common feature of evaporitic sequences worldwide. The crystal habit of halite precipitated from pure aqueous solution under laboratory conditions is a cube: equal side lengths (a = b = c) and rectangular angles (ab = bc = ac = 90°). Crystals with deformed-looking shape appear in mudstone of Permian evaporites of the Eastern Alps. They expose platy, rod-like, parallelepiped-like or rhomb-like shapes. The aim of the study was to explain the origin of these shapes. Samples were taken in the Altaussee, Berchtesgaden, and Hallstatt mines. Representative mudstone samples were scanned by high-resolution X-ray CT, and halite shapes were restored by 3D software. Additionally, 327 euhedral halite crystals were dissected from mudstone and subjected to individual shape analysis. Their sizes range from 3 to 30 mm in thirteen specimens. Crystals are compact, but a slightly platy preference prevails in all samples. Approximately 80% of all objects expose angles &gt; 1° deviating from the right angle, but only ∼ 15% contain angles &gt; 20°. The maximum deviation from the right angle was ca. 33°. Most objects combine a platy shape (a ≈ b ≠ c) with only one angle deviating from the right angle (2× 90°). The acute angle is preferably oriented parallel to the layering. We interpret a primary rectangular crystal growth to platy shapes in the mudstone (reduced fluid circulation). The displacive halite crystals subsequently deformed during compaction of the mudstone. Halite in deformed shapes was replaced by datable polyhalite ca. 15 My after deposition, which rules out deformation during Alpine tectonics.

Hooked on salt: Rethinking Alpine tectonics in Hallstatt (Eastern Alps, Austria)

Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Fernández ◽  
Mario Habermüller ◽  
Bernhard Grasemann
Keyword(s):  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Salt Tectonics ◽  
Alpine Tectonics ◽  
Carbonate Platforms ◽  
Gravity Driven ◽  
World Class ◽  
Permian Salt ◽  
Platform Carbonates ◽  
First Time

Permian salt in the Hallstatt and neighboring salt structures of the Eastern Alps (Austria) crops out along with Triassic deep-water deposits that are at odds with the surrounding Triassic platform carbonates. The traditional interpretation of this juxtaposition is that the salt bodies were emplaced in the Late Jurassic as gravity nappes onto the carbonate platforms, in what has been considered to be the earliest orogenic event in the Eastern Alps. Here we describe for the first time a world-class outcrop of halokinetic sequences in Triassic platform carbonates flanking the Hallstatt diapir. Combining this with other outcrop evidence, we prove that the Hallstatt diapir grew passively during the Triassic, surrounded by carbonate platforms, and extruded to the seabed during the Jurassic. The development of the Hallstatt diapir in a platform setting disproves its emplacement as a gravity-driven nappe, proves the relevance of salt tectonics in the Mesozoic development of the Eastern Alps, and challenges the existence of a Late Jurassic Alpine orogenic event.

Three-dimensional temperature variations in a fossil subduction zone resolved by RSCM thermometry (Tauern Window, Eastern Alps)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Groß ◽  
Jan Pleuger ◽  
Mark R. Handy ◽  
Timm John
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Peak Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Tauern Window

&lt;p&gt;Knowledge on the thermal state of orogens and subduction zones is crucial in trying to understand the processes that take place in these zones, since temperature controls, e.g., rock strength, metamorphic reactions and fluid flow. These are all critical parameters for the dynamics of orogens and subduction zones and conversely, these parameters feed back on the thermal state in various ways. We investigated an example of a former subduction zone, exposed in the central Tauern Window (Eastern Alps), with the aim of reconstructing its three-dimensional temperature variations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Structural and petrological observations in the central Tauern Window reveal a tens-of-kilometre-scale sheath fold that formed under high-pressure (HP) conditions (ca. 2 GPa). The fold is a composite structure that isoclinally folded the thrust of an oceanic nappe derived from Alpine Tethys onto a unit of the distal European continental margin, also affected by HP conditions. This structural assemblage is preserved between two younger domes at either end of the Tauern Window. The domes are associated with temperature-dominated Barrow-type metamorphism that overprints the HP-metamorphism partly preserved in the sheath fold.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous material (RSCM) on 100 samples from this area, we were able to distinguish domains with the original, subduction-related peak temperature conditions from domains that were overprinted during later temperature-dominated (Barrovian) metamorphism. The distribution of RSCM-temperatures in the Barrovian domains indicates a decrease of peak temperature with increasing distance from the centres of the thermal domes, both in map view and cross section. This represents a geotherm where paleo-temperature increases downward, in line with previous studies using, e.g., oxygen isotope fractionation and calcite-dolomite equilibria. However, we observe the opposite temperature trend in the lower limb of the sheath fold, viz., tendentially an upward increase in paleo-temperature. We interpret this inverted temperature domain as the relic of a subduction-related temperature field. Towards the central part of the sheath fold&amp;#8217;s upper limb, measured temperatures increase to a maximum of ca. 520&amp;#176;C. Further upsection in the hanging wall of the sheath fold, temperatures decrease to where they are indistinguishable from the peak temperatures of the overprinting Barrovian metamorphism. Isograds (i.e. contours of equal peak-temperature) are oriented roughly parallel to the nappe contacts and lithological layering, which results in an eye-shaped concentric isograd pattern in cross-section. This reflects a sheath-like three-dimensional geometry of the isograds. We propose the following hypothesis to explain the subduction-related peak-temperature pattern: The pattern reflects sheath folding of a subduction-related temperature field. Possibly, sheath folding occurred during exhumation, after the equilibration at peak pressure and temperature conditions. The preservation of the pattern implies fast exhumation and cooling of the rocks.&lt;/p&gt;

Classification of the Sieversio montanae-Nardetum strictae in a cross-section of the Eastern Alps

Plant Ecology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lüth ◽  
Erich Tasser ◽  
Georg Niedrist ◽  
Josef Dalla Via ◽  
Ulrike Tappeiner
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Eastern Alps

XUV Absorption Spectra of Carbon Ions

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
E. Jannitti ◽  
P. Nicolosi ◽  
G. Tondello
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Photoionization Cross Section ◽  
Carbon Ions

AbstractThe photoabsorption spectra of the carbon ions have been obtained by using two laser-produced plasmas. The photoionization cross-section of the CV has been absolutely measured and the value at threshold, σ=(4.7±0.5) × 10−19cm2, as well as its behaviour at higher energies agrees quite well with the theoretical calculations.

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