Mechanism of a Positive Feedback in Long-Term Variations of the Convergence of Oceanic and Atmospheric Heat Fluxes and of the Ice Cover in the Barents Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 640-649
Author(s):  
K. A. Kalavichchi ◽  
I. L. Bashmachnikov
Keyword(s):  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Heat ◽  
Long Term Variations

scholarly journals On the mechanism of a positive feedback in long-term variations of the convergence of oceanic and atmospheric heat fluxes, and the ice cover in the Barents sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
K. A. Kalavichchi ◽  
I. L. Bashmachnikov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
The North ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Oceanic Heat Flux ◽  
Atmospheric Heat

This paper presents a study the interannual variability of the convergence oceanic and atmospheric advective heat fluxes in the Barents Sea region for 19932014, using combined in situ, satellite and numerical model-based oceanic and atmospheric data-sets: ARMOR-3D and ERA-Interim. On inter-decadal scales, the leading role of convergence of the oceanic heat flux, and on interannual scale of atmospheric heat flux are demonstrated to play the leading role in variations of the sea-ice area of the Barents Sea. The inter-decadal and the interannual variations of the oceanic heat flux are found to be mainly shaped by variations of the current velocity. In the long-term tendencies the current velocity is responsible for about 70% of the increase in the oceanic heat flux, mainly due to a higher transport in the North Cape Current. Variations in transport of the North Cape current and of the Return current are governed by variations in the meridional gradients of the zonal wind speed, in turn, caused by the stronger oceanic heat transport into the Barents sea and by the consequent melting of the sea-ice. The in situ observations supports the effectiveness of the previously suggested positive feedback between variations in the oceanic heat flux into the Barents Sea, and changes of the sea-ice area and of the atmospheric circulation in the Barents Sea region on the decadal time scales.

Ocean-Atmosphere positive feedback in the Barents Sea region with reanalyses data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Kalavichchi ◽  
Igor Bashmachnikov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Oceanic Heat Flux ◽  
Atmospheric Heat

<p>This study investigates the mechanism of positive feedback in the Barents Sea region, using the results of reanalyses from 1993 to 2014. Vertical heat fluxes, wind and pressure fields are obtained from OAFlux and ERA-Interim databases, the water temperature and currents from the ARMOR-3D database.</p><p>Oceanic heat transport was computed through three sections-at the entrance to the Barents Sea (BSO), in the southern part of the Norwegian sea and in the west of Spitsbergen. The results show that, during the study period, the oceanic heat flux through BSO was rapidly increasing, significantly faster than in the northwards heat transport in the Norwegian Sea. west of Spitsbergen, a negative linear trend was observed, indicating a redistribution of the increasing transport of the Atlantic Water into the Nordic Seas.</p><p>Based on reanalyses data, we show the tight relationship between the current velocities through the BSO and the change in the gradient of the zonal component of wind velocity. The variability of the atmospheric circulation and the variability of the convergence of atmospheric heat fluxes for the studied region was also assessed.</p><p>The results also show that, in winter, with increasing oceanic heat flux through the BSO, the turbulent heat fluxes in the southwestern part of the sea decreased, and the northern part of the sea and west of Novaya Zemlya increased. In the annual means, the increasing heat flux from the ocean to the atmosphere is due to a retreat of the ice edge and an increase in the ice-free area of the sea. The sea-surface atmospheric pressure also increased over the water area, with a maximum changes in the south-east of the sea.</p><p>For the years with the maximum oceanic winter heat fluxes into the Barents Sea, the atmospheric heat flux across the southern boundary increased, while it across the northern border weakened. The convergence of the atmospheric heat fluxes increased only at the sea surface (1000-975 hPa), whereas above (975-100 hPa) the convergence decreased, and the total atmospheric heat convergence varies out of phase with that of the ocean.</p><div> <div> <div> <p>This study was supported by the Russian Science Foun- dation, project no. 17-17-01151.</p> </div> </div> </div>

Regularities and features of ice conditions of the Barents Sea in the second half of XX – early XXI century

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-194
Author(s):  
I.O. Dumanskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Western Border ◽  
Quantitative Changes

The warming of the Arctic, especially intensified at the beginning of the XXI century, is accompanied by a significant decrease in the area of ice cover in the Arctic seas. The article shows the quantitative changes in the ice parameters of the Barents Sea, as well as factors affecting the formation of ice cover in recent years. In the twenty-first century the frequency of occurrence of mild winters has increased by 17%, the frequency of severe winters has decreased by 19%. Significantly increased the temperature at the meteorological station Malye Karmakuly, water temperature at transect "Kola Meridian", atmospheric and oceanic heat fluxes, and speed of sea currents on the Western border of the Barents sea. The duration of the ice period decreased by an average of 2–3 weeks, and the rate of reduction of ice cover was 7.2% for 10 years. This is the highest speed compared to other Arctic seas. The article shows that the variability of the ice cover of the Barents Sea and other parameters of the natural environment in the region has the cyclic character. Presumably, the cycle period is close to 84 years, which corresponds to the orbital period of Uranium. The minimum sea ice extent after 1935–1945 is expected in the period 2019–2029.

scholarly journals RED KING CRAB IN THE COASTAL BARENTS SEA: A REVIEW OF MMBI STUDIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 134-150
Author(s):  
A.G. Dvoretsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Red King Crab ◽  
Indigenous Status ◽  
King Crab ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Fishery Science

In 1960th, red king crab was intentionally introduced into the Barents Sea. This species has formed a new self-sustaining population. In Russian waters, the commercial fishery of red king crab was started in 2004. Non-indigenous status and high commercial value of the crab have led to growing interest in the study of its biology and ecology. Red king crab has been intensively studied by specialists of Murmansk Marine Biological Institute to evaluate the role of this crab in local benthic communities and provide a theoretic basis and important applications for fishery science. New data on the population dynamics, symbiotic relationships, feeding and reproduction of red king crab have been obtained from long-term studies in coastal waters of the Barents Sea. Significant results of these studies are presented in this review.

Palynological evidence of sea-surface conditions in the Barents Sea off northeast Svalbard during the postglacial period

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Camille Brice ◽  
Anne de Vernal ◽  
Elena Ivanova ◽  
Simon van Bellen ◽  
Nicolas Van Nieuwenhove
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Salinity ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
The Barents Sea

Abstract Postglacial changes in sea-surface conditions, including sea-ice cover, summer temperature, salinity, and productivity were reconstructed from the analyses of dinocyst assemblages in core S2528 collected in the northwestern Barents Sea. The results show glaciomarine-type conditions until about 11,300 ± 300 cal yr BP and limited influence of Atlantic water at the surface into the Barents Sea possibly due to the proximity of the Svalbard-Barents Sea ice sheet. This was followed by a transitional period generally characterized by cold conditions with dense sea-ice cover and low-salinity pulses likely related to episodic freshwater or meltwater discharge, which lasted until 8700 ± 700 cal yr BP. The onset of “interglacial” conditions in surface waters was marked by a major change in dinocyst assemblages, from dominant heterotrophic to dominant phototrophic taxa. Until 4100 ± 150 cal yr BP, however, sea-surface conditions remained cold, while sea-surface salinity and sea-ice cover recorded large amplitude variations. By ~4000 cal yr BP optimum sea-surface temperature of up to 4°C in summer and maximum salinity of ~34 psu suggest enhanced influence of Atlantic water, and productivity reached up to 150 gC/m2/yr. After 2200 ± 1300 cal yr BP, a distinct cooling trend accompanied by sea-ice spreading characterized surface waters. Hence, during the Holocene, with exception of an interval spanning about 4000 to 2000 cal yr BP, the northern Barents Sea experienced harsh environments, relatively low productivity, and unstable conditions probably unsuitable for human settlements.

scholarly journals Atlantic water temperature and climate in the Barents Sea, 2000–2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir D. Boitsov ◽  
Alexey L. Karsakov ◽  
Alexander G. Trofimov
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Boitsov, V. D., Karsakov, A. L., and Trofimov, A. G. 2012. Atlantic water temperature and climate in the Barents Sea, 2000–2009. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 833–840. Year-to-year variability in the temperature of Atlantic water (AW), which has a strong influence on the marine climate and ecosystem of the Barents Sea, was analysed using data from the Kola Section. With a positive trend in mean annual temperature during the late 20th century, only positive anomalies were registered during the past decade. In nine of those years, the temperature was warmer than the 1951–2000 long-term mean by 0.5–1.2°C, and in 2006, the historical maximum for the 110-year period of observations along the section was recorded. High air and water temperature coincided with reduced sea-ice cover, especially between October and April, when there is seasonal enlargement of the ice-covered area. An integral climate index (CI) of the Barents Sea based on the variability in temperature of AW, air temperature, and ice cover is presented. A prediction of future Barents Sea climate to 2020 is given by extrapolating the sixth degree polynomial approximating the CI.

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