Composition of fragmental minerals of the surface layer of bottom sediments in the Caspian Sea

Oceanology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Kozina ◽  
A. N. Novigatsky
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF SEVERAL HEAVY METALS (Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Cr, Pb, Fe AND Mn) IN SURFACE LAYER OF B SEDIMENTS OF THE MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN CASPIAN SEA

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-51
Author(s):  
V. V. Gordeev ◽  
N. V. Kozina ◽  
G. N. Baturin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Southern Caspian Sea

Atomic absorption determinations of a group of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Cr, Pb, Fe, Mn) in 190 samples of surface bottom sediments of the Middle and Southern Caspian Sea that were sampled by crab in middle of XX century (the collection of G.N. Baturin) and in 30 samples of recent sampling by grab also (2012–2015) were carried out. The aim of the investigations was to construct the schematic maps of heavy metal distribution in bottom sediments of both parts of the Caspian Sea on the materials of a half of century prescription that may serve as a base for comparison with the data of recent researches in frameworks of the program “The Caspian Sea System” under leadership of academic A.P.Lisitzin from 2012 till present time. The comparison between chemical composition of old and new sediment samples was realized, their similarities and divergences were revealed and probable reasons of divergences were presented. The maps of distribution of several metals (Fe, Mn, Co, Cr) are submitted together with necessary for interpretation maps of CaCO3, Corg and some other. It was shown that the structure of maps for all metals investigated was very similar because all these metals had concern to the group of iron.

REE systematics in modern bottom sediments of the Caspian Sea and river deltas worldwide: Experience of comparison

2017 ◽  
Vol 475 (1) ◽  
pp. 797-802
Author(s):  
A. V. Maslov ◽  
N. V. Kozina ◽  
V. P. Shevchenko ◽  
A. A. Klyuvitkin ◽  
Ph. V. Sapozhnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
River Deltas

scholarly journals Current State of Heterotrophic Bacterioplankton and Bacteriobenthos in the Northern and Middle Parts of the Caspian Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Dyakova ◽  
Victoria Volodina ◽  
Ekaterina Galyautdinova ◽  
Anna Menkova ◽  
Olga Soprunova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacterioplankton ◽  
Fermenting Bacteria ◽  
Two Peaks

Data on the abundance of heterotrophic bacterioplankton and bacteriobenthos in the northern and middle parts of the Caspian during the period from 2013 to 2017 are presented. In the waters of the northern part of the Caspian, a peak in the number of saprotrophs and crude oil degraders was recorded in 2013. In the middle part of the Caspian and in the region of the Mangyshlak regression, high numbers of heterotrophic bacteria were recorded in 2013 and 2016. The biodiversity of bacterioplankton in the surveyed areas is almost the same; the species composition of saprotrophs and crude oil degraders is identical. In the bottom sediments of the northern and middle parts of the Caspian Sea, two peaks of saprotrophic bacteriobenthos development (in 2013 and 2016) were recorded; in the region of the Mangyshlak threshold, the concentration of saprotrophs remained stable. The number of crude oil degraders was inferior to those of saprotrophs, while the proportion of crude oil degraders to saprotrophs changed annually. The species composition of saprotrophs is relatively stable, the biodiversity of oil-oxidizing bacteriobenthos has changed in the direction of increasing the proportion of non-fermenting bacteria. Constant changes in the ratio of the number of saprotrophs and crude oil degraders, together with the transformations of the dominant groups of the species composition of bacteria, indicated the instability of bacteriobenthos, and, as a result, the vulnerability of the microecosystem of bottom sediments under changing environmental conditions.

scholarly journals THE DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED FORMS COPPER IN THE WATER COLUMN OF THE CASPIAN SEA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.В. Ковалев ◽  
С.Г. Парада
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Organic Complexes ◽  
High Concentrations

По результатам химических анализов проб воды Северного, Среднего Каспия и, частично, Южного Каспия, отобранных по профилям из различных горизонтов водной толщи, определены содержания растворенных форм меди. Построены карты пространственного распределения этого элемента в поверхностном и наддонном водных горизонтах, а также по вертикальным разрезам водной толщи, выявлены закономерности их распространения в объеме морской воды. Установлены средние содержания растворенных форм меди в поверхностном (8,6 мкг/л) и в наддонном (9,6 мкг/л) горизонтах  Каспийского моря. Выделены участки с аномально высокими (более 20 мкг/л) и аномально низкими (менее 5 мкг/л) концентрациями растворенных форм меди в них. Особенности распределения растворенных форм меди по вертикали водной толщи определяются жизнедеятельностью планктонных организмов и их отмиранием. В поверхностном слое аномально высокие концентрации меди связаны с прижизненным накоплением металла планктоном. На глубинах свыше 100 м аномально высокие ее концентрации связаны с распадом отмерших организмов и выделением меди и других металлов в виде органических комплексов According to the results of chemical analyzes of water samples from the Northern, Middle Caspian and, partially, the Southern Caspian, taken from profiles from different horizons of the water column, the contents of dissolved forms of copper were determined. Maps of the spatial distribution of this element in the surface and supra-aquatic horizons, as well as along vertical sections of the water column, have been constructed, and patterns of their distribution in the volume of sea water have been revealed. The average content of dissolved forms of copper in the surface (8.6 μg/l) and in the above bottom (9.6 μg/l) horizons of the Caspian Sea has been established. Selected areas with abnormally high (more than 20 μg/l) and abnormally low (less than 5 μg/l) concentrations of dissolved forms of copper in them. The specific features of the distribution of dissolved forms of copper along the vertical of the water column are determined by the vital activity of planktonic organisms and their death. In the surface layer, abnormally high concentrations of copper are associated with the lifetime accumulation of metal by plankton. At depths above 100 m, its abnormally high concentrations are associated with the decay of dead organisms and the release of copper and other metals in the form of organic complexes

Distribution of some rare and trace elements in modern bottom sediments of the Caspian Sea

Oceanology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Maslov ◽  
N. V. Kozina ◽  
A. A. Klyuvitkin ◽  
A. N. Novigatsky ◽  
A. S. Filippov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea

AVERAGE CHARACTERISTIC CONCENTRATIONS OF TOXICANTS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VOLGA DELTA AND NORTHERN PART OF THE CASPIAN SEA

2017 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Olga Vladimirovna Popova ◽  
Natalia Vladimirovna Karygina
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Average Characteristic ◽  
Volga Delta ◽  
General Test ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
Nickel Manganese

The general test object in the assessment of pollution degree of water ecosystems are bottom sediments. There are different attempts to norming, having regional status in default of standards of the contents of preferred toxicants in the bottom sediments of water objects at the present time in Russia. In this work scientists used the approach permitting to characterize the pollution degree, using comparison between absolute values of toxicant concentrations, that are most prevailing in the Volga-Caspian basin, and these toxicant concentrations are calculated for each kind of the main type of sediments. For the calculation scientists used longstanding body of data on the content of oil products, zinc, copper, plumbum, cadmium, nickel, manganese and ferrum in the water courses of the Volga Delta and western part of the Northern Caspian. Conducted typification of the grounds with separation of the main types of river and sea sediments was accompanied by averaging out values of toxicant concentrations. There was identified an increase of the content of all toxicants in 2.8-9.8 times when transferring from coarse particle fractions to finely divided fractions for freshwater grounds. In the same time, besides dispersion, the presence of shell material played an important role in the accumulation of oil products, nickel and manganese. In the Northern-Caspian bottom sediments lessening of particle size caused the raise of toxicant concentrations, especially in the presence of silty fractions. Moreover, the growing concentration of several pollutants - nickel, plumbum, and cadmium - was observed in shelly grounds or with impurity of sand. According to the results of comparative analysis of the data on the toxicant content with average specific values in the bottom sediments of watercourses of the Volga delta and the Caspian Sea in 2016, there were singled out the locations most affected by pollution.

scholarly journals Features of the distribution of the suspended form of iron in the water column of the Caspian Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.В. Ковалев ◽  
К.Ю. Гамбург
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Caspian Basin ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Suspended Form

Статья посвящена изучению распределения железа в водной взвеси Среднего Каспия. Актуальность работыопределяется необходимостью оценки естественного состоя­ния морской среды и фиксации ее базового состояния (в том числе различных форм химических элементов) для дальнейшего использования с целью мониторинга экологической ситуации на шельфе Каспийского моря в условиях интенсификации геологоразве­дочных работ и разработки месторождений нефти. Цель работы. Установить характерные особенности поведения взвешенного железа в водах Среднего Каспия. Материалы и методы работы. Изучался материал, отобранный в 1989-1990 годах в ходе выполнения рейсов исследовательских судов. Принадлежащих Каспийскому НИИ рыбного хозяйства, до начала освоения нефтегазовых месторождений. Он представлен отфильтрованными частицами взвеси из 178 проб воды, взятых из различных слоев водной толщи на 63 станциях. Определение содержаний железа проводилось на спектрографе PGS-2 способом испарения. Результаты работы. Минимальные концентрации взвешенной формы железа в поверхностном слое водной толщи установлены на участке внутреннего шельфа и подводного склона котловины Среднего Каспия, что связано с выносом твердых частиц дрейфовыми течениями. Концентрации взвешенной формы железа в поверхностном слое возрастают к середине моря, что обусловлено стягиванием взвешенных частиц центростремительными силами циклонального течения. Придонный слой отличается повышенными концентрациями взвешенной формы железа. Возле дельт рек они связаны с оседанием выносимых с суши твердых частиц. Аномально высокие содержания взвешенной формы железа в придонном горизонте центральной части Среднекаспийской котловины, фиксируемые на отдельных станциях, обусловлены поступлением железа с эманациями донных грязевых вулканов и его коагуляцией в условиях щелочной среды. В целом, с увеличением глубины наблюдается последовательный рост концентраций взвешенной формы железа. Это связано с изменением солености и усилением вертикальной стратификации (уменьшением солености поверхностного горизонта и увеличением солености глубоких слоев). Это приводит к коагу­ляции и флокуляции органических и металлор­ганических коллоидов и переводу растворенного железа во взвесь The article is devoted to the study of the distribution of iron in the water suspension of the Middle Caspian Sea. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to assess the natural state of the marine environment and fix its basic state (including various forms of chemical elements) for further use in order to monitor the environmental situation on the shelf of the Caspian Sea in the conditions of intensification of exploration and development of oil fields. Aim. To establish the characteristic features of the behavior of suspended iron in the waters of the Middle Caspian. Materials and methods. The material selected in 1989-1990 during the voyages of research vessels was studied. owned by the Caspian Research Institute of Fisheries, before the development of oil and gas fields. It is represented by filtered suspended particles from 178 water samples taken from various layers of the water column at 63 stations. Determination of iron content was carried out on the PGS-2 spectrograph by evaporation. Results. The minimum concentrations of the suspended form of iron inthe surface layer of the water column were established on the section of the inner shelf and the underwater slope of the Middle Caspian basin, which is associated with the removal of solid particles by drift currents. The concentrations of the suspended form of iron in the surface layer increase towards the middle of the sea, which is caused by the contraction of suspended particles by the centripetal forces of the cyclonic current. The bottom layer is characterized by increased concentrations of the suspended form of iron. Near river deltas, they are associated with the subsidence of solid particles carried out from the land. Abnormally high concentrations of suspended iron in the bottom horizon of the central part of the Middle Caspian basin, recorded at individual stations, are due to the influx of iron with emanations of bottom mud volcanoes and its coagulation in an alkaline environment. In general, with increasing depth, there is a consistent increase in the concentrations of the suspended form of iron. This is due to a change in salinity and an increase in vertical stratification (a decrease in the salinity of the surface horizon and an increase in the salinity of the deep layers). This leads to coagulation and flocculation of organic and organometallic colloids and the transfer of dissolved iron into suspension.

scholarly journals COEFFICIENTS OF ACCUMULATING CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN ORGANS AND TISSUES OF RUSSIAN (ACIPENSER GUELDENSTAEDTII, BRANDT, 1833) AND PERSIAN (ACIPENSER PERSICUS, BORODIN, 1897) STURGEONS OF CASPIAN SEA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Vladimir Chaplygin ◽  
Alisher Saidovich Hursanow ◽  
Tatiyana Sergeevna Ershova ◽  
Vyacheslav Fedorovich Zaitsev
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Roach Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Acipenser Gueldenstaedtii ◽  
Acipenser Persicus ◽  
Sturgeon Species

The article is focused on the possible ways of accumulating chemical elements (zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, lead, mercury) in the organs of aquatic organisms. In the course of the study, the coefficients of accumulating the chemical elements in the organs and tissues were calculated for the Russian (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, Brandt, 1833) and Persian sturgeons (Acipenser persicus, Borodin, 1897) relative to the water of the northwestern part of the Caspian Sea, bottom sediments and the main objects of their food (Khvalyn goby (Neogobius caspius), Sandpiper goby (Neogobius fluviatilis), Caspian goblin (Benthophilus microcephalus), roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus)). The studies were carried out according to the standard method of atomic absorption spectrometry. It is shown that the main source of accumulating the studied chemical elements in the organs and tissues of the Russian and Persian sturgeons is the water of the northwestern part of the Caspian Sea. It was found that the bottom sediments of the Caspian Sea act as an additional source of zinc and mercury found in the liver and kidneys of sturgeon species. Based on the calculated accumulation coefficients of chemical elements, there was revealed a predominantly alimentary nature of accumulating copper, nickel and mercury in the organs of both sturgeon species.

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