A Comparative Characteristic of Amino Acid Composition and Activity of Amino Acid Metabolism Enzymes in Hemochorial Placenta of Various Animal Species and Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-174
Author(s):  
T. N. Pogorelova ◽  
V. O. Gunko ◽  
A. A. Nikashina ◽  
I. A. Alliluev
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes

The amino acid metabolism of a developing insect cuticle: the larval cuticle and puparium of Calliphora vomitoria . I. Changes in amino acid composition during development

1958 ◽  
Vol 148 (931) ◽  
pp. 270-279 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Larval Cuticle ◽  
Normal Larva ◽  
Normal Feeding

The amino acid composition of the developing larval cuticle and puparium of Calliphora vomitoria has been examined by means of paper chromatography. The most significant changes during development concern the aromatic amino acids. Phenylalanine and para -tyrosine apparently combine with the tanning quinone when the puparium hardens, and ortho -tyrosine is present for a brief period at about 7 days The presence of o -tyrosine, together with evidence resulting from the extraction of larval cuticles with water, gives rise to the suspicion that aromatic amino acids may be metabolized in the cuticle during development and give rise to hydroxylated products. The cuticle of ‘permanent larvae’, which fail to pupate even after the lapse of 2 to 3 weeks owing to the extirpation of Weismann’s ring before the end of the normal feeding period, has also been examined. Its amino acid composition shows none of the changes seen in the normal larva.

scholarly journals Developmental roles of tyrosine metabolism enzymes in the blood-sucking insect Rhodnius prolixus

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1854) ◽  
pp. 20162607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Sterkel ◽  
Pedro L. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Tyrosine Metabolism

The phenylalanine/tyrosine degradation pathway is frequently described as a catabolic pathway that funnels aromatic amino acids into citric acid cycle intermediates. Previously, we demonstrated that the accumulation of tyrosine generated during the hydrolysis of blood meal proteins in Rhodnius prolixus is potentially toxic, a harmful outcome that is prevented by the action of the first two enzymes in the tyrosine degradation pathway. In this work, we further evaluated the relevance of all other enzymes involved in phenylalanine/tyrosine metabolism in the physiology of this insect. The knockdown of most of these enzymes produced a wide spectrum of distinct phenotypes associated with reproduction, development and nymph survival, demonstrating a highly pleiotropic role of tyrosine metabolism. The phenotypes obtained for two of these enzymes, homogentisate dioxygenase and fumarylacetoacetase, have never before been described in any arthropod. To our knowledge, this report is the first comprehensive gene-silencing analysis of an amino acid metabolism pathway in insects. Amino acid metabolism is exceptionally important in haematophagous arthropods due to their particular feeding behaviour.

scholarly journals Widespread Inter- and Intra-Domain Horizontal Gene Transfer of d-Amino Acid Metabolism Enzymes in Eukaryotes

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Naranjo-Ortíz ◽  
Matthias Brock ◽  
Sascha Brunke ◽  
Bernhard Hube ◽  
Marina Marcet-Houben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes

THE ACTIVITY OF ENZYMES OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM OF THE PLACENTA IN DIFFERENT TERMS OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND COMPLICATED PREGNANCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 260-264
Author(s):  
Tatyana Nikolaevna Pogorelova ◽  
V. O. Gunko ◽  
A. A. Mikhelson ◽  
A. A. Nikashina ◽  
A. F. Mikhelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Glutathione Synthetase ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Complicated Pregnancy

The activity of amino acid metabolism enzymes and the content of free amino acids in the placenta during physiological pregnancy and placental insufficiency (PI) were studied using spectrophotometric methods and ion-exchange chromatography. It was found that in PI placental activity of the studied enzymes: alanine-, cysteine-e, tyrosine-, glutamino- transferase, glutathione synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase decreases at different periods of gestation. The opposite variations occur for aspartataminotranferase and glutaminase. Similar changes are detected for amino acids synthesized or used in the course of appropriate reactions: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, alanine, cysteine, tyrosine, arginine. The correlation between enzyme activity and amino acid content was revealed. Different periods of pregnancy are characterized by varying degrees of change, especially expressed in the second trimester, characterized by the most intense growth and development of the fetus, and its increased needs for trophic material. The revealed changes obviously play a pathogenetic role in the formation and further development of PI.

Amino Acid Metabolism

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-262
Author(s):  
E. V. ROWSELL
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism
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