Molecular structure of the allelic variants of (AAT)n microsatellite locus Du47D in the parthenogenetic species Darevskia unisexualis and bisexual parental species D. valentini and D. raddei

Caucasian rock lizards of the genus is a unique taxa, including both bisexual and parthenogenetic species. The parthenogenetic species have originated as a result of natural hybridisation between females and males of different bisexual species. The species involved in interspecific hybridisation are called parental. However, sympatric zones (SZ) of unisexual and bisexual rock lizards of the Caucasus are still poorly studied, although they are very important for understanding the role of hybrid individuals of different origin in reticulate evolution. This paper presents the location of the SZs of parthenogenetic and their parental bisexual rock lizards of the genus Darevskia in Armenia and adjacent territories of Georgia and Nagorno-Karabakh. We summarised the locations of the SZs identified from 1957 to the present, based on our field survey data gathered in 2018-2019 and records from publications and museum collections. This dataset includes 39 SZs of three types: SZ of parental bisexual species, SZ of parental species with unisexual species and SZ of the parthenogenetic species. For each zone, species composition, geographical and altitudinal distribution are presented. New records expand our knowledge of the geographical and altitudinal distribution of SZs in these species and provide additional data for understanding the mechanisms of reticulate evolution and hybridogeneous speciation in the past, present and future. The new records, including geographical and altitudinal distributions of three types of SZs, are presented, which expand the previously-known list to 39 locations of contact zones for parthenogenetic and its bisexual parental species of rock lizards of the genus Darevskia in Armenia and the adjacent territories of Georgia and Nagorno-Karabakh.

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Genetic homogeneity based on skin histocompatibility and the evolution and systematics of parthenogenetic Cnemidophorus laredoensis (Sauria: Teiidae)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z00-012 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 78 (6) ◽

pp. 895-904

Author(s):

Ramadan M Abuhteba ◽

James M Walker ◽

James E Cordes

Keyword(s):

Parental Species ◽

Skin Grafting ◽

Genetic Homogeneity ◽

Skin Grafts ◽

Clonal Structure ◽

Parthenogenetic Species ◽

High Level

The parthenogenetic whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus laredoensis of Texas and México was derived from one or more hybrids between the gonochoristic species Cnemidophorus gularis and Cnemidophorus sexlineatus. We analyzed clonal structure in C. laredoensis on the basis of histocompatibility reactions to reciprocal skin grafting. Individuals of C. laredoensis rejected skin grafts from both parental species and from a hybrid between C. gularis and an undescribed parthenogenetic species. One lizard initially identified as C. laredoensis was found to be a triploid C. laredoensis × C. gularis hybrid, based on its histocompatibility reactions. The hybrid accepted grafts from individuals of C. laredoensis; however, C. laredoensis rejected grafts from this and a second hybrid. Seventeen individuals of C. laredoensis from six sites located throughout the range of the species in Texas were fully histocompatible, based on a large number of reciprocal skin grafts. Only three individuals of C. laredoensis from three sites donated grafts to other individuals of the species, but they were unable to host all or most of the reciprocal grafts. The skin histo compatibility among 17 individuals of C. laredoensis from six widely separated geographic sites points to a high level of genetic homogeneity in the species due to clonal descent from one parthenogenetic C. gularis × C. sexlineatus hybrid. Unidirectional rejection of skin grafts by three lizards could be a result of postformational mutations within this lineage, though this suggestion is open to question. The name C. laredoensis should be restricted to populations in Texas and México that are diagnostically identical with the parthenogenetic species described from two sites in Laredo, Webb County, Texas, in 1973.

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Molecular structure and genealogical characterization of the DYS458.2 allelic variants founded in Turkey population samples

Forensic Science International Genetics Supplement Series ◽

10.1016/j.fsigss.2011.08.136 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. e281-e282 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Serin ◽

H. Canan ◽

B. Alper ◽

D. Kotan

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structure ◽

Allelic Variants

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Nucleotide sequences of the microsatellite locus Du215 (arm) allelic variants in the parthenospecies Darevskia armeniaca (Lacertidae)

Russian Journal of Genetics ◽

10.1134/s1022795407020032 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 116-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. N. Malysheva ◽

A. A. Vergun ◽

O. N. Tokarskaya ◽

G. A. Sevast’yanova ◽

I. S. Darevsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microsatellite Locus ◽

Nucleotide Sequences ◽

Allelic Variants

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Extraordinary centromeres: differences in the meiotic chromosomes of two rock lizards species Darevskia portschinskii and Darevskia raddei

10.7287/peerj.preprints.27440v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Victor Spangenberg ◽

Marine Arakelyan ◽

Eduard Galoyan ◽

Mark Pankin ◽

Ruzanna Petrosyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitotic Chromosome ◽

Parental Species ◽

Primary Spermatocyte ◽

Chromosome Analysis ◽

Chromatin Modifications ◽

Future Studies ◽

Parthenogenetic Species ◽

Meiotic Chromosomes ◽

Species Specific ◽

First Time

According to the synthesis of 30 years of multidisciplinary studies parthenogenetic species of rock lizards of genus Darevskia were formed as a result of different combination patterns of interspecific hybridization of the four bisexual parental species: D. raddei, D. mixta, D. valentini, and D. portschinskii. In particular D. portschinskii and D. raddei are considered as the parental species for the parthenogenetic species D. rostombekowi. Here for the first time we present the result of comparative immunocytochemical study of primary spermatocyte nuclei spreads from the leptotene to diplotene stages of meiotic prophase I in two species: D. portschinskii and D. raddei. We observed similar chromosome lengths for both synaptonemal complex (SC) karyotypes as well as similar number of crossing over sites. However, unexpected differences in the number and distribution of anti-centromere antibody (ACA) foci were detected in the SC structure of bivalents of the two species. In all examined D. portschinskii spermatocyte nuclei, one immunostained centromere focus was detected per SC bivalent. In contrast, in almost every studied D. raddei nuclei we identified three – nine SCs with additional immunostained ACA foci per SC bivalent. Thus, the obtained results allow us to identify species-specific karyotype features, previously not been detected using conventional mitotic chromosome analysis. Presumably the additional centromere foci are result of epigenetic chromatin modifications. We assume that this characteristic of the D. raddei karyotype could represent useful marker for the future studies of parthenogenetic species hybrid karyotypes related to D. raddei.

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Extraordinary centromeres: differences in the meiotic chromosomes of two rock lizards species Darevskia portschinskii and Darevskia raddei

10.7287/peerj.preprints.27440 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Victor Spangenberg ◽

Marine Arakelyan ◽

Eduard Galoyan ◽

Mark Pankin ◽

Ruzanna Petrosyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitotic Chromosome ◽

Parental Species ◽

Primary Spermatocyte ◽

Chromosome Analysis ◽

Chromatin Modifications ◽

Future Studies ◽

Parthenogenetic Species ◽

Meiotic Chromosomes ◽

Species Specific ◽

First Time

According to the synthesis of 30 years of multidisciplinary studies parthenogenetic species of rock lizards of genus Darevskia were formed as a result of different combination patterns of interspecific hybridization of the four bisexual parental species: D. raddei, D. mixta, D. valentini, and D. portschinskii. In particular D. portschinskii and D. raddei are considered as the parental species for the parthenogenetic species D. rostombekowi. Here for the first time we present the result of comparative immunocytochemical study of primary spermatocyte nuclei spreads from the leptotene to diplotene stages of meiotic prophase I in two species: D. portschinskii and D. raddei. We observed similar chromosome lengths for both synaptonemal complex (SC) karyotypes as well as similar number of crossing over sites. However, unexpected differences in the number and distribution of anti-centromere antibody (ACA) foci were detected in the SC structure of bivalents of the two species. In all examined D. portschinskii spermatocyte nuclei, one immunostained centromere focus was detected per SC bivalent. In contrast, in almost every studied D. raddei nuclei we identified three – nine SCs with additional immunostained ACA foci per SC bivalent. Thus, the obtained results allow us to identify species-specific karyotype features, previously not been detected using conventional mitotic chromosome analysis. Presumably the additional centromere foci are result of epigenetic chromatin modifications. We assume that this characteristic of the D. raddei karyotype could represent useful marker for the future studies of parthenogenetic species hybrid karyotypes related to D. raddei.

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Extraordinary centromeres: differences in the meiotic chromosomes of two rock lizards speciesDarevskia portschinskiiandDarevskia raddei

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6360 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e6360 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Victor Spangenberg ◽

Marine Arakelyan ◽

Eduard Galoyan ◽

Mark Pankin ◽

Ruzanna Petrosyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitotic Chromosome ◽

Parental Species ◽

Primary Spermatocyte ◽

Chromosome Analysis ◽

Chromatin Modifications ◽

Future Studies ◽

Parthenogenetic Species ◽

Meiotic Chromosomes ◽

Species Specific ◽

First Time

According to the synthesis of 30 years of multidisciplinary studies, parthenogenetic species of rock lizards of genusDarevskiawere formed as a result of different combination patterns of interspecific hybridization of the four bisexual parental species:Darevskia raddei,D. mixta,D. valentini, andD. portschinskii. In particular,D. portschinskiiandD. raddeiare considered as the parental species for the parthenogenetic speciesD. rostombekowi. Here for the first time, we present the result of comparative immunocytochemical study of primary spermatocyte nuclei spreads from the leptotene to diplotene stages of meiotic prophase I in two species:D. portschinskiiandD. raddei. We observed similar chromosome lengths for both synaptonemal complex (SC) karyotypes as well as a similar number of crossing over sites. However, unexpected differences in the number and distribution of anti-centromere antibody (ACA) foci were detected in the SC structure of bivalents of the two species. In all examinedD. portschinskiispermatocyte nuclei, one immunostained centromere focus was detected per SC bivalent. In contrast, in almost every studiedD. raddeinuclei we identified three to nine SCs with additional immunostained ACA foci per SC bivalent. Thus, the obtained results allow us to identify species-specific karyotype features, previously not been detected using conventional mitotic chromosome analysis. Presumably the additional centromere foci are result of epigenetic chromatin modifications. We assume that this characteristic of theD. raddeikaryotype could represent useful marker for the future studies of parthenogenetic species hybrid karyotypes related toD. raddei.

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Intra- and interspecific polymorphism of (AAT) n in microsatellite locus Du47D in parthenogenetic species of the genus Darevskia

Russian Journal of Genetics ◽

10.1134/s1022795413030113 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 367-370

Author(s):

V. I. Korchagin ◽

A. A. Vergun ◽

S. A. Godakova ◽

O. N. Tokarskaya

Keyword(s):

Microsatellite Locus ◽

Parthenogenetic Species

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Molecular Structure of the Outermost Cell Wall Component of Spirillum Serpens

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079218 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 342-343

Author(s):

Wah Chiu ◽

David Grano

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structure ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Outer Membrane ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Electron Microscopic Examination ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Cell Wall Component ◽

Protein Components ◽

Exposure Technique ◽

Structural Aspects

The periodic structure external to the outer membrane of Spirillum serpens VHA has been isolated by similar procedures to those used by Buckmire and Murray (1). From SDS gel electrophoresis, we have found that the isolated fragments contain several protein components, and that the crystalline structure is composed of a glycoprotein component with a molecular weight of ∽ 140,000 daltons (2). Under an electron microscopic examination, we have visualized the hexagonally-packed glycoprotein subunits, as well as the bilayer profile of the outer membrane. In this paper, we will discuss some structural aspects of the crystalline glycoproteins, based on computer-reconstructed images of the external cell wall fragments.The specimens were prepared for electron microscopy in two ways: negatively stained with 1% PTA, and maintained in a frozen-hydrated state (3). The micrographs were taken with a JEM-100B electron microscope with a field emission gun. The minimum exposure technique was essential for imaging the frozen- hydrated specimens.

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