Effect of laser surface hardening on magnetic characteristics of a carbon steel under loading

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 560-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Gorkunov ◽  
S. Yu. Mitropol’skaya ◽  
S. M. Zadvorkin ◽  
A. L. Osintseva ◽  
D. I. Vichuzhanin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Laser Surface Hardening

A complete residual stress model for laser surface hardening of complex medium carbon steel components

2016 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Liverani ◽  
Adrian H.A. Lutey ◽  
Alessandro Ascari ◽  
Alessandro Fortunato ◽  
Luca Tomesani
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Complex Medium ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Laser Surface Hardening

Eutectoid temperature of carbon steel during laser surface hardening

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Cheng Chen ◽  
Chun-Ju Tao ◽  
Lih-Tyan Shyu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Eutectoid Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Melted Zone ◽  
Laser Surface Hardening

A new method was developed to determine the eutectoid temperature, Ac1, of carbon steel during laser surface hardening. In the method a three-dimensional heat flow model with temperature-dependent physical properties was set up and solved for the temperature distribution employing a finite element method (FEM). Workpieces were heat-treated to produce a melted and hardened zone by a single pass of a continuous-wave TEM00 CO2 laser beam. The depth profile of the melted zone was used as a calibrator to solve the uncertainty imposed by the unknown surface absorptivity. Obtained was an Ac1 of, on average, 770 °C, a superheat of 47 °C compared to the equilibrium Ac1 of 723 °C. Furthermore, the numerical model was also employed to predict the hardened depth, and the results show that, for a depth of more than 100 μm, the eutectoid temperature 770 °C leads to a depth about 10% smaller than that predicted at 723 °C. The use of the temperature-dependent physical properties is critical; an error up to 80% could result if constant physical properties are used.

Estimation of the Hardness for Laser Surface Hardening of Plain Carbon Steel

2010 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
M.M. Ashraf ◽  
A. Hussain ◽  
R. Akhter ◽  
W.A. Farooq ◽  
M. Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Independent Research ◽  
Laser Surface Hardening ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Cost

Laser surface hardening of plain carbon steel is simulated and software in Mathematica has been developed. The software estimates the hardness of plain carbon steel under different carbon contents and processing speeds. The flow chart explains the algorithm of the software. Our results show that hardness increases with carbon contents. The hardness increases slightly with processing speed but at the cost of decrease in hardened depth. The results for test material coincide with the experimental values from independent research results.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation on a novel approach for laser surface hardening modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Orazi ◽  
A. Rota ◽  
B. Reggiani
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Carbon Diffusion ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Laser Surface Hardening ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Laser Treatments ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Short Time

AbstractLaser surface hardening is rapidly growing in industrial applications due to its high flexibility, accuracy, cleanness and energy efficiency. However, the experimental process optimization can be a tricky task due to the number of involved parameters, thus suggesting for alternative approaches such as reliable numerical simulations. Conventional laser hardening models compute the achieved hardness on the basis of microstructure predictions due to carbon diffusion during the process heat thermal cycle. Nevertheless, this approach is very time consuming and not allows to simulate real complex products during laser treatments. To overcome this limitation, a novel simplified approach for laser surface hardening modelling is presented and discussed. The basic assumption consists in neglecting the austenite homogenization due to the short time and the insufficient carbon diffusion during the heating phase of the process. In the present work, this assumption is experimentally verified through nano-hardness measurements on C45 carbon steel samples both laser and oven treated by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique.

scholarly journals Laser surface hardening of SS316L

2021 ◽  
Vol 1070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012107
Author(s):  
Ganesh Dongre ◽  
Avadhoot Rajurkar ◽  
Ramesh Gondil ◽  
Nandan Jaju
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Laser Surface Hardening
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