Cold Resistance and the Distribution of Genetic Lineages of the Earthworm Eisenia nordenskioldi (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 430-437
Author(s):  
D. I. Berman ◽  
N. A. Bulakhova ◽  
E. N. Meshcheryakova ◽  
S. V. Shekhovtsov
Keyword(s):  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Eisenia Nordenskioldi

scholarly journals Species Delimitation of the Eisenia nordenskioldi Complex (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) Using Transcriptomic Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei V. Shekhovtsov ◽  
Aleksandra A. Shipova ◽  
Tatiana V. Poluboyarova ◽  
Gennady V. Vasiliev ◽  
Elena V. Golovanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
Its Phylogeny ◽  
Eisenia Nordenskioldi ◽  
Very High ◽  
Large Distribution ◽  
High Diversity

Eisenia nordenskioldi (Eisen, 1879) is the only autochthonous Siberian earthworm with a large distribution that ranges from tundra to steppe and broadleaved forests. This species has a very high morphological, ecological, karyological, and genetic diversity, so it was proposed that E. nordenskioldi should be split into several species. However, the phylogeny of the complex was unclear due to the low resolution of the methods used and the high diversity that should have been taken into account. We investigated this question by (1) studying the diversity of the COI gene of E. nordenskioldi throughout its range and (2) sequencing transcriptomes of different genetic lineages to infer its phylogeny. We found that E. nordenskioldi is monophyletic and is split into two clades. The first one includes the pigmented genetic lineages widespread in the northern and western parts of the distribution, and the second one originating from the southern and southeastern part of the species' range and representing both pigmented and non-pigmented forms. We propose to split the E. nordenskioldi complex into two species, E. nordenskioldi and Eisenia sp. 1 (aff. E. nordenskioldi), corresponding to these two clades. The currently recognized non-pigmented subspecies E. n. pallida will be abolished as a polyphyletic and thus a non-natural taxon, while Eisenia sp. 1 will be expanded to include several lineages earlier recognized as E. n. nordenskioldi and E. n. pallida.

Cryptic genetic lineages in Eisenia nordenskioldi pallida (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Shekhovtsov ◽  
D.I. Berman ◽  
N.E. Bazarova ◽  
N.A. Bulakhova ◽  
D. Porco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Eisenia Nordenskioldi

scholarly journals Variation in nuclear genome size within the Eisenia nordenskioldi complex (Lumbricidae, Annelida)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-651
Author(s):  
S. V. Shekhovtsov ◽  
Ya. R. Efremov ◽  
T. V. Poluboyarova ◽  
S. E. Peltek
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Ancestral Population ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Cryptic Taxa ◽  
Eisenia Nordenskioldi

The size of the nuclear genome in eukaryotes is mostly determined by mobile elements and noncoding sequences and may vary within wide limits. It can differ significantly both among higher-order taxa and closely related species within a genus; genome size is known to be uncorrelated with organism complexity (the so-called C-paradox). Less is known about intraspecific variation of this parameter. Typically, genome size is stable within a species, and the known exceptions turn out be cryptic taxa. The Eisenia nordenskioldi complex encompasses several closely related earthworm species. They are widely distributed in the Urals, Siberia, and the Russian Far East, as well as adjacent regions. This complex is characterized by significant morphological, chromosomal, ecological, and genetic variation. The aim of our study was to estimate the nuclear genome size in several genetic lineages of the E.  nordenskioldi complex using flow cytometry. The genome size in different genetic lineages differed strongly, which supports the hypothesis that they are separate species. We found two groups of lineages, with small (250–500 Mbp) and large (2300–3500 Mbp) genomes. Moreover, different populations within one lineage also demonstrated variation in genome size (15–25 %). We compared the obtained data to phylogenetic trees based on transcriptome data. Genome size in ancestral population was more likely to be big. It increased or decreased independently in different lineages, and these processes could be associated with changes in genome size and/or transition to endogeic lifestyle.

Chapter 11: General epidemiology of TBE

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Genetic Sequences ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) exists in natural foci, which are areas where TBEV is circulating among its vectors (ticks of different species and genera) and reservoir hosts (usually rodents and small mammals). Based on phylogenetic studies, four TBEV subtypes (Far-Eastern, Siberian, European, Baikalian) and two putative subtypes (Himalayan and “178-79” group) are known. Within each subtype, some genetic lineages are described. The European subtype (TBEV-EU) (formerly known also as the “Western subtype”) of TBEV is prevalent in Europe, but it was also isolated in Western and Eastern Siberia in Russia and South Korea. The Far-Eastern subtype (TBEV-FE) was preferably found in the territory of the far-eastern part of Eurasia, but some strains were isolated in other regions of Eurasia. The Siberian (TBEV-SIB) subtype is the most common and has been found in almost all TBEV habitat areas. The Baikalian subtype is prevalent around Lake Baikal and was isolated several times from ticks and rodents. In addition to the four TBEV subtypes, one single isolate of TBEV (178-79) and two genetic sequences (Himalayan) supposed to be new TBEV subtypes were described in Eastern Siberia and China. The data on TBEV seroprevalence in humans and animals can serve as an indication for the presence or absence of TBEV in studied area.

Comparative Study of Highly Pathogenic Avian Infl uenza Strains Isolated in Ukraine in 2005 and 2008

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
A. Gerilovych ◽  
B. Stegniy ◽  
A. Stegniy ◽  
M. Stegniy ◽  
K. Smietanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pathogenic H5n1

Objective. To research the molecular characteristics of two HPAI strains – A/Ch/Syvash/02/05/H5N1 and A/Ch/Krasnogvardeysk/58/08/H5N1, which were identifi ed as representatives of the highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses. Methods. RNA extraction, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. The phylogenetic studies revealed that the above mentioned strains belong to two various genetic lineages originated from the Eastern European strains isolated in 2005, but differ from the viruses introduced to the Central and Western Europe in 2005/2006, and also the lineages consisting of H5N1 viruses isolated in the Europe and Middle East in late 2007. Conclusions. Relying on experimental studies, it can be concluded that the strains of A/Ch/Syvash/02/05/H5N1 and A/Ch/Krasnogvardeysk/58/08/H5N1 are highly pathogenic.

Expression of antioxidant genes can increase cold resistance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javaria Chand ◽  
Rafiq Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Khan ◽  
Noorullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L

EVALUATION OF MAIZE ACCESSIONS FOR COLD RESISTANCE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.B. Khatefov ◽  
◽  
G.V. Matveeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Resistance

Research of the cold resistance of metals by indentation with registration of an acoustic emission signal

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Yu.G. Kabaldin ◽  
A.A. Khlybov ◽  
M.S. Anosov ◽  
D.A. Shatagin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Acoustic Emission Signal ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Emission Signal ◽  
Impact Bending ◽  
Artificial Neural

The study of metals in impact bending and indentation is considered. A bench is developed for assessing the character of failure on the example of 45 steel at low temperatures using the classification of acoustic emission signal pulses and a trained artificial neural network. The results of fractographic studies of samples on impact bending correlate well with the results of pulse recognition in the acoustic emission signal. Keywords acoustic emission, classification, artificial neural network, low temperature, character of failure, hardness. [email protected]

Winter Survival Evaluation of 172 Groundcovers in Northern Illinois

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453d-453
Author(s):  
A.M. Shirazi ◽  
E.A. HedBorn ◽  
S.A. Mehaffey ◽  
A.S. Merritt
Keyword(s):  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Ajuga Reptans ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Cold Damage ◽  
Euonymus Fortunei

The winter hardiness of many groundcover cultivars in northern Illinois is not well-known. This study was designed to evaluate the survival of 172 plants used in the groundcover path at The Morton Arboretum. Once a month, from Sept.1997 to Jan. 1998, the plants chosen for this study were visually evaluated and their vitality rated on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = alive, 5 = dead). All nine cultivars of Euonymus fortunei remained virtually unchanged throughout the study period. Among six cultivars of Hedera helix, only `Gold Heart' showed minor damage in November. Nine Heuchera were evaluated and all exhibited excellent resistance to cold temperatures. While all the Pulmonarias studied showed some cold damage by November, `Bielefeld Pink', `Little Blue', `Roy Davidson', Pulmonaria longifolia var. cevennensis, and Pulmonaria officinalis `Sissinghurst White' fared the best for the longest period of time. Five cultivars of Pachysandra terminalis were included in this study. None had significant damage until November, and then only rated a “2.” Of the eight Ajuga evaluated, Ajuga pyramidalis `Metallica Crispa', and Ajuga reptans `Braunherz', `Catlin's Giant', and `Gaiety', exhibited the best cold resistance. Four Polygonums varied widely in their response to cold temperatures, but all showed signs of severe damage in November. Polygonum `Border Jewel' exhibited the best tolerance, rating a “1” in October, but in November it was given a rating of “4.” Their recovery in spring will be compared.

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