Mechanism of Pollen Germination and Pollen Tubes’ Growth in Common Juniper (Juniper communis L.) In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 294-303
Author(s):  
M. V. Surso ◽  
D. G. Chuhchin ◽  
S. S. Khviyuzov ◽  
S. A. Pokryishkin
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Common Juniper

scholarly journals Hyperoside promotes pollen tube growth by regulating the depolymerization effect of actin-depolymerizing factor 1 on microfilaments in okra

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biying Dong ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Zhihua Song ◽  
Lili Niu ◽  
Hongyan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Actin Depolymerizing Factor ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
New Research

AbstractMature pollen germinates rapidly on the stigma, extending its pollen tube to deliver sperm cells to the ovule for fertilization. The success of this process is an important factor that limits output. The flavonoid content increased significantly during pollen germination and pollen tube growth, which suggests it may play an important role in these processes. However, the specific mechanism of this involvement has been little researched. Our previous research found that hyperoside can prolong the flowering period of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra), but its specific mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the effect of hyperoside in regulating the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF), which further affects the germination and growth of pollen. We found that hyperoside can prolong the effective pollination period of okra by 2–3-fold and promote the growth of pollen tubes in the style. Then, we used Nicotiana benthamiana cells as a research system and found that hyperoside accelerates the depolymerization of intercellular microfilaments. Hyperoside can promote pollen germination and pollen tube elongation in vitro. Moreover, AeADF1 was identified out of all AeADF genes as being highly expressed in pollen tubes in response to hyperoside. In addition, hyperoside promoted AeADF1-mediated microfilament dissipation according to microfilament severing experiments in vitro. In the pollen tube, the gene expression of AeADF1 was reduced to 1/5 by oligonucleotide transfection. The decrease in the expression level of AeADF1 partially reduced the promoting effect of hyperoside on pollen germination and pollen tube growth. This research provides new research directions for flavonoids in reproductive development.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Boron to Almond Trees Affects Pollen Quality

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M.S. Nyomora ◽  
P.H. Brown ◽  
K. Pinney ◽  
V.S. Polito
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Mature Trees

The effect of boron (B) on in vivo and in vitro development of almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb (syn. P. amygdalus Batsch)] pollen and pollen tubes and the resultant effect on fruit set was studied in mature trees. The cultivars Mono (pistil donor) and Butte (pollinizer) in an orchard with low soil B in Fresno, California were sprayed with B at 0, 0.8, 1.7, or 2.5 kg·ha-1 during Fall 1993. Pollen viability as indicated by the fluorescein diacetate method (FDA) was >85% and was not affected by field-applied B, however, in vivo pollen germination and tube growth were enhanced by foliar-applied B. More effect of applied B on in vivo growth appeared as pollen tubes progressed toward the ovary. For in vitro germination, foliar-applied B reduced bursting of tubes, and addition of B to the culture media significantly increased pollen germination and pollen tube growth.

GERMINATION OF SWEET CHERRY (PRUNUS AVIUM L.) POLLEN IN VITRO AS INFLUENCED BY FUNGICIDES

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Germination Of Pollen ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Effects of fungicidal concentrations of sulphur, dichlone, ferbam, and captan on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) pollen germination and growth were studied in artificial media. Sulphur did not reduce the germination of pollen. Dichlone and ferbam reduced germination from 53.0 per cent to 47.1 per cent and 40 per cent, respectively, reductions which were significant statistically. Sprayed at 0.2 pound/100 gallons or less, captan did not reduce germination. Captan, sprayed at 2 pounds/100 gallons, almost entirely prevented pollen germination, and arrested the elongation of pollen tubes.

scholarly journals Putrescine Increases Effective Pollination Period in Roses

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Gudin ◽  
Laurence Aréne
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Rosa Hybrida ◽  
In Vitro Pollen Germination ◽  
Stigmatic Exudate ◽  
Germinated Pollen ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Flowers of two cultivars of Rosa hybrida were treated or not with putrescine before being pollinated from 2 to 8 days after anther emasculation. On both cultivars the 10-3 M putrescine treatment extended the effective pollination period, as shown by the best hip formation rates and mean number of seeds per hip. On one cultivar, the 10-5 M putrescine treatment increased fertilization efficiency (more hips obtained). The effect of putrescine was proportionally more important on the cultivar characterized by the highest stigmatic exudate pH. Putrescine also influenced in vitro pollen germination by increasing the length of emitted pollen tubes (10-3 and 10-5 M-putrescine) and the quantity of germinated pollen grains (10-5 M putrescine).

scholarly journals Two Carbohydrate-Based Natural Extracts Stimulate in vitro Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth of Tomato Under Cold Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdousse Laggoun ◽  
Nusrat Ali ◽  
Sabine Tourneur ◽  
Grégoire Prudent ◽  
Bruno Gügi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Cold Temperatures

To date, it is widely accepted by the scientific community that many agricultural regions will experience more extreme temperature fluctuations. These stresses will undoubtedly impact crop production, particularly fruit and seed yields. In fact, pollination is considered as one of the most temperature-sensitive phases of plant development and until now, except for the time-consuming and costly processes of genetic breeding, there is no immediate alternative to address this issue. In this work, we used a multidisciplinary approach using physiological, biochemical, and molecular techniques for studying the effects of two carbohydrate-based natural activators on in vitro tomato pollen germination and pollen tube growth cultured in vitro under cold conditions. Under mild and strong cold temperatures, these two carbohydrate-based compounds significantly enhanced pollen germination and pollen tube growth. The two biostimulants did not induce significant changes in the classical molecular markers implicated in pollen tube growth. Neither the number of callose plugs nor the CALLOSE SYNTHASE genes expression were significantly different between the control and the biostimulated pollen tubes when pollens were cultivated under cold conditions. PECTIN METHYLESTERASE (PME) activities were also similar but a basic PME isoform was not produced or inactive in pollen grown at 8°C. Nevertheless, NADPH oxidase (RBOH) gene expression was correlated with a higher number of viable pollen tubes in biostimulated pollen tubes compared to the control. Our results showed that the two carbohydrate-based products were able to reduce in vitro the effect of cold temperatures on tomato pollen tube growth and at least for one of them to modulate reactive oxygen species production.

The effect of the natural assemblage of microorganisms and selected strains of the yeast Metschnikowia reukaufii in controlling the germination of pollen of the common milkweed Asclepias syriaca

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1163-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Eisikowitch ◽  
M. A. Lachance ◽  
P. G. Kevan ◽  
S. Willis ◽  
D. L. Collins-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Natural Assemblage ◽  
The Common ◽  
Germination Of Pollen

The yeast Metschnikowia reukaufii is a natural contaminant of nectar and is vectored to the flowers of the field milkweed Asclepias syriaca by insects, some of which are pollinators of the plants. In its natural habitat, the yeast inhibits the germination of the milkweed's pollen, which normally uses nectar in the stigmatic cavity for germination. This inhibition is irreversible after about 8 h of exposure to the yeasts. Two selected strains of the yeast were isolated and investigated for their effects on pollen germination in vitro. The two strains, and their mixture, affected pollen germination adversely by reducing its amount and vigour and causing any pollen tubes that were produced to burst: One strain was more virulent than the other, and the mixture seemed to have an additive effect. The strains may be more efficacious than the natural assemblage of microbes in disrupting fertilization of milkweed flowers because they cause the immediate death (bursting) of the growing microgametophyte (pollen and tube). Key words: yeasts, pollen germination, milkweed, Metschnikowia reukaufii, Asclepias syriaca.

scholarly journals Pollen tube growth of Paeonia tenuifolia L. (Paeoniaceae) in vitro and in vivo

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feruzan Dane ◽  
Nuran Ekici
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vivo Growth ◽  
Paeonia Tenuifolia

In vitro and in vivo studies on pollen germination of Paeonia tenuifolia L. (Paeoniaceae) revealed that pollen grains are shed at two-celled stage. Normal and abnormal pollens were observed. Pollen viability was recorded between 55 and 75%. In vitro studies revealed 85% germination and usually the germination was monosphonic. Some pollen tubes with swollen tube tip and undulations were found. Styles and stigma were found to contain many pollen tubes 24 hrs after pollination. Key words: Paeonia tenuifolia; Pollen tube; In vitro growth; In vivo growth  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v40i1.8003 Bangladesh J. Bot. 40(1): 93-95, 2011 (June)

scholarly journals SCREENING CAPSICUM GENOTYPES FOR INCREASED DROUGHT TOLERANCE BY IN VITRO POLLEN GERMINATION AND POLLEN TUBE LENGTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Y. Arnaoudova ◽  
B. Arnaoudov
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Lower Productivity

Yield realizing in vegetable crops depends on several reproductive processes that include pollen fertility as well as pollen tubes germination and growth. The study was conducted as the pollen characteristics fertility and viability were used, as well as the productivity for evaluation of drought tolerance in four pepper genotypes Capsicum annuum L. From the conducted cytological analyses was found that decreasing the water standard with 50% exert negative influence over the male gametophyte and the pollen fertility decreases with up to 37.4% average. More sensitive to drought showed to be the plants from both cultivars Pazardzhishka kapia and Albena, in which lower productivity and lower restorable potential were found in comparison with those found in the mutant lines No.1936 and No.1917. Increased tolerance showed the male gametophyte of line No.1936. After a drought in it were found the highest values for pollen viability – 33.4% average pollen germination and 438.7µm pollen tubes length which was with proven mathematical difference compared with the rest of the genotypes. These results showed that pollen fertility analyses and pollen viability analyses in drought plants could be used for evaluation of the drought tolerance.

scholarly journals A Morphological and Histological Characterization of Bisexual and Male Flower Types in Pomegranate

2011 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Y. Wetzstein ◽  
Nadav Ravid ◽  
Erik Wilkins ◽  
Adriana Pinheiro Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Stigmatic Papillae

Pomegranate [Punica granatum (Punicaceae)] is characterized by having two types of flowers on the same tree: hermaphroditic bisexual flowers and functionally male flowers. This condition, defined as functional andromonoecy, can result in decreased yields resulting from the inability of male flowers to set fruit. Morphological and histological analyses of bisexual and male flowers were conducted using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize the different flower types observed in pomegranate plants and to better understand their developmental differences. Bisexual flowers had a discoid stigma covered with copious exudate, elongated stigmatic papillae, a single elongate style, and numerous stamens inserted on the inner wall of the calyx tube. Using fluorescence staining, high numbers of pollen tubes were observed growing through a central stylar canal. Ovules were numerous, elliptical, and anatropous. In contrast, male flowers had reduced female parts and exhibited shortened pistils of variable heights. Stigmatic papillae of male flowers had little exudate yet supported pollen germination. However, pollen tubes were rarely observed in styles. Ovules in male flowers were rudimentary and exhibited various stages of degeneration. Pollen from both types of flowers was of similar size, ≈20 μm, and exhibited similar percent germination using in vitro germination assays. Pollen germination was strongly influenced by temperature. Maximal germination (greater than 74%) was obtained at 25 and 35 °C; pollen germination was significantly lower at 15 °C (58%) and 5 °C (10%).

scholarly journals Pollination and pollen germination in common juniper (Juniperus communis: Cupressaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Surso
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
External Agents ◽  
Amino Acids Composition

Pollination and fertilization are the most important and responsible stages in sexual reproduction of coniferous plants. The period of high concentrations of juniper pollen in overhead during pollination period is no more than 4–6 hours and within one calendar day. This dependence remains invariable from year to year, and does not depend neither from weather conditions, nor the peculiarities of the place where juniper grows. Influence of external agents on dynamics of exudation of a juniper pollination droplet is studied. The duration of exudation and volume of secretory liquid exuded by tissues of ovules during the period of prescription in the juniper depend from presence of external agents on a surface of pollination droplet, their sizes and physical and chemical properties. The pollination droplet chemical compound is studied. In sugars composition of juniper pollination droplet there are only two monosaccharides: glucose and galactose. the amino acids composition is prevailed by arginine, aspartic and glutamic acids. The results of the studies confirm complex chemical composition and multifunctionality of juniper pollination droplet. The pollination mechanism of juniper is effective and selective. The morphological structure of pollen grains of juniper predetermines the processes of pollen germination at early stages. The hydrophilic capsule, formed pollen hydration, promotes to exine rupture and shedding. This capsule remains until the fertilization. The distal tip of pollen tube remains in itduring all time of its growth. In culture in vitro development of pollen tubes of juniper proceeds non-uniformly. At definition of juniper pollen viability it is necessary to consider a stage of pollen tubes development.

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