The influence of environmental factors on the CO2 emission from the surface of oligotrophic peat soils in West Siberia

Abstract. The tundra ecosystem is quite vulnerable to drastic climate change in the Arctic, and the quantification of carbon dynamics is of significant importance regarding thawing permafrost, changes to the snow-covered period and snow and shrub community extent, and the decline of sea ice in the Arctic. Here, CO2 efflux measurements using a manual chamber system within a 40 m × 40 m (5 m interval; 81 total points) plot were conducted within dominant tundra vegetation on the Seward Peninsula of Alaska, during the growing seasons of 2011 and 2012, for the assessment of driving parameters of CO2 efflux. We applied a hierarchical Bayesian (HB) model – a function of soil temperature, soil moisture, vegetation type, and thaw depth – to quantify the effects of environmental factors on CO2 efflux and to estimate growing season CO2 emissions. Our results showed that average CO2 efflux in 2011 was 1.4 times higher than in 2012, resulting from the distinct difference in soil moisture between the 2 years. Tussock-dominated CO2 efflux is 1.4 to 2.3 times higher than those measured in lichen and moss communities, revealing tussock as a significant CO2 source in the Arctic, with a wide area distribution on the circumpolar scale. CO2 efflux followed soil temperature nearly exponentially from both the observed data and the posterior medians of the HB model. This reveals that soil temperature regulates the seasonal variation of CO2 efflux and that soil moisture contributes to the interannual variation of CO2 efflux for the two growing seasons in question. Obvious changes in soil moisture during the growing seasons of 2011 and 2012 resulted in an explicit difference between CO2 effluxes – 742 and 539 g CO2 m−2 period−1 for 2011 and 2012, respectively, suggesting the 2012 CO2 emission rate was reduced to 27% (95% credible interval: 17–36%) of the 2011 emission, due to higher soil moisture from severe rain. The estimated growing season CO2 emission rate ranged from 0.86 Mg CO2 in 2012 to 1.20 Mg CO2 in 2011 within a 40 m × 40 m plot, corresponding to 86 and 80% of annual CO2 emission rates within the western Alaska tundra ecosystem, estimated from the temperature dependence of CO2 efflux. Therefore, this HB model can be readily applied to observed CO2 efflux, as it demands only four environmental factors and can also be effective for quantitatively assessing the driving parameters of CO2 efflux.

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Peat soils of boreal regressive bogs in West Siberia: Problems of biological diagnostics and systematics

Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin ◽

10.19047/0136-1694-2016-84-61-74 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 61-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. A. Shishkonakova ◽

N. A. Avetov ◽

T. Yu. Tolpysheva

Keyword(s):

Soil Classification ◽

West Siberia ◽

Botanical Composition ◽

Peat Soils ◽

Surface Horizon ◽

The North ◽

Sphagnum Bogs ◽

Russian Soil ◽

Peat Surface ◽

The Difference

In this paper we consider plant (geobotanical) indicators of soils, occurring in regressive bogs in the north taiga subzone of West Siberia. The specificity of regressive bogs is the difference between current vegetation and botanical composition of the peat surface horizon, which complicates their biological diagnostics. The data on peat botanical composition, degree of decomposition and thickness are presented. Destructive oligotrophic peat soils, the allocation of which is provided in the actual Russian soil classification at the level of subtype, occur in palsa bogs under shrub-lichen vegetation. Their indicators include lichens: Cladonia stellaris, C. rangiferina, C. stygia, C. arbuscula, C. mitis, Alectoria ochroleuca, Сetraria islandica, C. laevigata, Flavocetraria cucullata, F. nivalis, Govardia nigricans. A new subtype - peat oligotrophic regressive soils - which occurs in non-freezing bog is suggested. The indicators of this soil subtype in pine-shrub-sphagnum bogs are lichens Cladonia cenotea, C. chlorophaea, C. coniocraea, C. cornuta, C. crispata, C. deformis, C. gracilis, C. fimbriata, C. mitis, C. ochrochlora, C. pleurota, C. polydactyla, C. pyxidata, C. rangiferina, C. stellaris, C. subulata, C. sulphurina and liverwort Mylia anomala . The indicators of regressive soils in bog hollows are mainly liverwort Cladopodiella fluitans , mosses Warnstorfia fluitans , W. exannulata , and lichen Cetrariella delisei .

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Soils оf Oligomesotrophic аnd Mesotrophic Bogs in the Boreal Zone of West Siberia: Possibilities of Botanical Diagnostics within the Framework of the Type of Mesotrophic Peat Soils

Eurasian Soil Science ◽

10.1134/s1064229321030029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 689-701

Author(s):

N. A. Avetov ◽

O. L. Kuznetsov ◽

E. A. Shishkonakova

Keyword(s):

West Siberia ◽

Boreal Zone ◽

Peat Soils

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Impact of oil contamination on ecological functions of peat soils from West Siberia of Russia

Journal of Environmental Quality ◽

10.1002/jeq2.20171 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ekaterina I. Kovaleva ◽

Sergey Ya. Trofimov ◽

Cheng Zhongqi

Keyword(s):

West Siberia ◽

Oil Contamination ◽

Peat Soils ◽

Ecological Functions

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Environmental factors regulating winter CO<sub>2</sub> flux in snow-covered boreal forest soil, interior Alaska

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-9-1129-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1129-1159 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Y. Kim ◽

Y. Kodama

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Black Spruce ◽

Co2 Flux ◽

Atmospheric Temperature ◽

Spruce Forest ◽

Interior Alaska

Abstract. Winter CO2 flux is an important element to assess when estimating the annual carbon budget on regional and global scales. However, winter observation frequency is limited due to the extreme cold weather in sub-Arctic and Arctic ecosystems. In this study, the continuous monitoring of winter CO2 flux in black spruce forest soil of interior Alaska was performed using NDIR CO2 sensors at 10, 20, and 30 cm above the soil surface during the snow-covered period (DOY 357 to 466) of 2006/2007. The atmospheric pressure was divided into four phases: >1000 hPa (HP: high pressure); 985<P<1000 (IP: intermediate pressure); <986 hPa (LP: low pressure); and a snow-melting period (MP); for the quantification of the effect of the environmental factors determining winter CO2 flux. The winter CO2 fluxes were 0.22 ± 0.02, 0.23 ± 0.02, 0.25 ± 0.03, and 0.17 ± 0.02 gCO2-C/m2 d−1 for the HP, IP, LP, and MP phases, respectively. Wintertime CO2 emission represents 20 % of the annual CO2 emissions in this boreal black spruce forest soil. Atmospheric temperature, pressure, and soil temperature correlate at levels of 56, 25, and 31 % to winter CO2 flux, respectively, during the snow-covered period of 2006/2007, when snow depth experienced one of its lowest totals of the past 80 years. Atmospheric temperature and soil temperature at 5 cm depth, modulated by atmospheric pressure, were found to be significant factors in determining winter CO2 emission and fluctuation in snowpack. Regional/global process-based carbon cycle models should be reassessed to account for the effect of winter CO2 emissions, regulated by temperature and soil latent-heat flux, in the snow-covered soils of Arctic and sub-Arctic terrestrial ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere.

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The Impact of Economic, Energy, and Environmental Factors on the Development of the Hydrogen Economy

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14164811 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (16) ◽

pp. 4811

Author(s):

Justyna Cader ◽

Renata Koneczna ◽

Piotr Olczak

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Energy Technology ◽

Development Programs ◽

Technology Research ◽

Hydrogen Economy ◽

Final Energy Consumption ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

The Impact ◽

Spearman’S Correlation

This article attempts to model interdependencies between socio-economic, energy, and environmental factors with selected data characterizing the development of the hydrogen economy. The study applies Spearman’s correlation and a linear regression model to estimate the influence of gross domestic product, population, final energy consumption, renewable energy, and CO2 emission on chosen hydrogen indicators—production, patents, energy technology research, development, and demonstration budgets. The study was conducted in nine countries selected for their actions towards a hydrogen economy based on analyses of national strategies, policies, research and development programs, and roadmaps. The results confirm the statistically significant impact of the chosen indicators, which are the drivers for the development of the hydrogen economy from 2008 to 2018. Moreover, the empirical results show that different characteristics in each country contribute to the development of the hydrogen economy vision.

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