scholarly journals On the Connection between the 2008–2009 Activation of the Koryakskii Volcano and Deep Magmatic Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-824
Author(s):  
V. O. Mikhailov ◽  
M. S. Volkova ◽  
E. P. Timoshkina ◽  
N. M. Shapiro ◽  
V. B. Smirnov

Abstract—The last activation of the Koryakskii volcano in 2008–2009 was accompanied by intense fumarolic and seismic activity. Volcanic activity peaked in March–April 2009 when ash plume rose to a height of 5.5 km and extended laterally over more than 600 km. To understand the dynamics of the volcanic processes and to forecast the further course of the events, it is relevant to establish whether the eruption was associated with a rise of magma to beneath the volcanic edifice or caused by fracturing of the volcano’s basement and penetration of groundwater into a high temperature zone. Based on the analysis of the images from the Japanese satellite ALOS-1 using satellite radar interferometry methods, the slope displacements of the Koryakskii volcano during its last activation have been estimated for the first time. The displacements reach 25 cm and cannot be explained by the formation of a layer of volcanic ash deposits or by the slope processes. The most likely cause of the displacements should be recognized to be the intrusion of magmatic material into the volcano edifice with the formation of a fracture with its lower edge at a depth of 0.5 km above sea level, with a size of 1.0 and 2.4 km along the strike and dip, respectively, and with a dip angle from 45° to 60°. Therefore, the processes taking place beneath the volcano can be threatening to the nearby localities and infrastructure and require continuous monitoring.

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1842
Author(s):  
Ziv Mor ◽  
Hallel Lutzky ◽  
Eyal Shalev ◽  
Nadav G. Lensky

Density, temperature, salinity, and hydraulic head are physical scalars governing the dynamics of aquatic systems. In coastal aquifers, lakes, and oceans, salinity is measured with conductivity sensors, temperature is measured with thermistors, and density is calculated. However, in hypersaline brines, the salinity (and density) cannot be determined by conductivity measurements due to its high ionic strength. Here, we resolve density measurements using a hydrostatic densitometer as a function of an array of pressure sensors and hydrostatic relations. This system was tested in the laboratory and was applied in the Dead Sea and adjacent aquifer. In the field, we measured temporal variations of vertical profiles of density and temperature in two cases, where water density varied vertically from 1.0 × 103 kg·m−3 to 1.24 × 103 kg·m−3: (i) a borehole in the coastal aquifer, and (ii) an offshore buoy in a region with a diluted plume. The density profile in the borehole evolved with time, responding to the lowering of groundwater and lake levels; that in the lake demonstrated the dynamics of water-column stratification under the influence of freshwater discharge and atmospheric forcing. This method allowed, for the first time, continuous monitoring of density profiles in hypersaline bodies, and it captured the dynamics of density and temperature stratification.


2014 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta Antonielli ◽  
Oriol Monserrat ◽  
Marco Bonini ◽  
Gaia Righini ◽  
Federico Sani ◽  
...  

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (140) ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Joughin ◽  
Dale Winebrenner ◽  
Mark Fahnestock ◽  
Ron Kwok ◽  
William Krabill

AbstractDetailed digital elevation models (DEMs) do not exist for much of the Greenland and Antartic ice sheets. Radar altimetry is at present the primary, in many cases the only, source of topographic data over the ice sheets, but the horizontal resolution of such data is coarse. Satellite-radar interferometry uses the phase difference between pairs of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to measure both ice-sheet topography and surface displacement. We have applied this technique using ERS-1 SAR data to make detailed (i.e. 80 m horizontal resolution) maps of surface topography in a 100 km by 300 km strip in West Greenland, extending northward from just above Jakobshavns Isbræ. Comparison with а 76 km long line of airborne laser-altimeter data shows that We have achieved a relative accuracy of 2.5 m along the profile. These observations provide a detailed view of dynamically Supported topography near the margin of an ice sheet. In the final section We compare our estimate of topography with phase contours due to motion, and confirm our earlier analysis concerning vertical ice-sheet motion and complexity in ERS-1 SAR interferograms.


Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 262 (5139) ◽  
pp. 1525-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Goldstein ◽  
H. Engelhardt ◽  
B. Kamb ◽  
R. M. Frolich

Geology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo J. González ◽  
José Fernández

Author(s):  
M. Lesko ◽  
J. Papco ◽  
M. Bakon ◽  
R. Czikhardt ◽  
M. Plakinger ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Koroleva ◽  
I. S. Koroleva ◽  
I. M. Zakroeva ◽  
I. M. Gruber

Relevance. One of the prognostic criteria meningococcal infection (MI) epidemic status process is the increasing number of resistant to antibiotics meningococcal strains. Aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of invasive strains of N. meningitidis susceptibility to antibiotics in Moscow in 2006 - 2015. Materials and methods. Studied 98 strains of N. meningitidis, isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with MI. The study changes of sensitivity N. meningitidis to antibiotics was occured in two periods: first -2006 - 2011 and second - 2012 - 2015. The MIC was determined by E-test. Results. In the present study revealed for the first time the Russian strains of N. meningitidis, moderately resistant to penicillin (5 strains) and resistant to rifampicin (3 strains). Among the studied strains were not found resistant to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Discussion. Comparison results two study periods allowed to reveal the dynamics of increasing the sensitivity of N. meningitidis to antibiotics, which confirms the decline in meningococcal virulence, and as a result, continued interepidemic MI period. Conclusions. Despite the decline antibakterial resistance is required continuous monitoring.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velio Coviello ◽  
Lucia Capra ◽  
Gianluca Norini ◽  
Norma Dávila ◽  
Dolores Ferrés ◽  
...  

Abstract. The M7.1 Puebla-Morelos earthquake that occurred on 19 September 2017, with epicenter located ∼ 70 km SW from Popocatépetl volcano, severely hit central Mexico. Seismic shaking of the volcanic edifice induced by the earthquake triggered hundreds of shallow landslides on the volcanic flanks, remobilizing loose pyroclastic deposits and saturated soils. The largest landslides occurred on the slopes of aligned ENE-WSW-trending ravines on opposite sides of the volcanic cone, roughly parallel to the regional maximum horizontal stress and local volcanotectonic structural features. This configuration may suggest transient reactivation of local faults and extensional fractures as one of the mechanisms that has weakened the volcanic edifice and promoted the largest slope failures. The seismic records from a broadband station located at few kilometers from the main landslides are used to infer the intensity of ground shaking that triggered the slope failures. The material involved in the larger landslides, mainly ash and pumice fall deposits from late Holocene eruptions with a total volume of about 106 cubic meters, transformed into two large debris flows on the western slope of the volcano and one on its eastern side. The debris flows were highly viscous and contained abundant large woods (about 105 cubic meter). Their peculiar rheology is reconstructed by field evidences and analyzing the grain size distribution of samples from both landslide scars and deposits. This is the first time that such flows were observed at this volcano. Our work provides new insights to constrain a multi-hazard risk assessment for Popocatépetl and other continental active volcanoes.


2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Won Park ◽  
Jung-Hyun Choi ◽  
Yoon-Kyung Lee ◽  
Joong-Sun Won

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