Spatial heterogeneity of a ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) population along a forest-steppe transect: Local level of consideration

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. I. Lyubechanskii ◽  
A. N. Bespalov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Forest Steppe

scholarly journals Comparison of Five Spatio-Temporal Satellite Image Fusion Models over Landscapes with Various Spatial Heterogeneity and Temporal Variation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 2612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Ke ◽  
Yin ◽  
Chen ◽  
Im
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Image Fusion ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Fusion Model ◽  
Large Area

In recent years, many spatial and temporal satellite image fusion (STIF) methods have been developed to solve the problems of trade-off between spatial and temporal resolution of satellite sensors. This study, for the first time, conducted both scene-level and local-level comparison of five state-of-art STIF methods from four categories over landscapes with various spatial heterogeneity and temporal variation. The five STIF methods include the spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (STARFM) and Fit-FC model from the weight function-based category, an unmixing-based data fusion (UBDF) method from the unmixing-based category, the one-pair learning method from the learning-based category, and the Flexible Spatiotemporal DAta Fusion (FSDAF) method from hybrid category. The relationship between the performances of the STIF methods and scene-level and local-level landscape heterogeneity index (LHI) and temporal variation index (TVI) were analyzed. Our results showed that (1) the FSDAF model was most robust regardless of variations in LHI and TVI at both scene level and local level, while it was less computationally efficient than the other models except for one-pair learning; (2) Fit-FC had the highest computing efficiency. It was accurate in predicting reflectance but less accurate than FSDAF and one-pair learning in capturing image structures; (3) One-pair learning had advantages in prediction of large-area land cover change with the capability of preserving image structures. However, it was the least computational efficient model; (4) STARFM was good at predicting phenological change, while it was not suitable for applications of land cover type change; (5) UBDF is not recommended for cases with strong temporal changes or abrupt changes. These findings could provide guidelines for users to select appropriate STIF method for their own applications.

Spatial heterogeneity of physical properties of the soils in Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
V. Medvedev ◽  
I. Plysko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Autocorrelation Function ◽  
Equilibrium Condition ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Regular Network ◽  
Modal Values ◽  
Experimental Plots

Aim. To investigate structural composition (lumpiness), bulk density and penetration resistance in soils of Polissia, Forest-Steppe and Steppe. Methods. The experimental plots were allocated on the fi elds in a regular network. The measurements performed before harvesting testifi ed to an equilibrium condition of soil physi- cal properties. The data ware processed by the geostatistical method. Results. The key parameters of spatial heterogeneity (variation factors, histograms, autocorrelation function, variogrammes, 2-D and 3-D diagrams, etc.) were received. The heterogeneity of physical properties, revealed in all soils, is characterized by moderate and increased values. As a result the investigated fi elds were divided into three agrotechnological groups by qualitative parameters of their physical properties. Conclusions. The recommendations on pre-sowing or basic tillage of various intensity – without tillage (if parameters are close to the requirements of the sown culture), with moderate tillage of zone type (if parameters are close to modal values) and with tillage of the enhanced intensity (if parameters are unsatisfactory and more intensive pre-sowing tillage is required) were formulated for each group.

scholarly journals Where Are the Poor Located? A Spatial Heterogeneity Analysis of Monetary Poverty in Peru

Economía ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (87) ◽  
pp. 89-114
Author(s):  
Juan Palomino ◽  
Thyara Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Female Headship ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Hidden Data ◽  
Positive Effect

Measuring poverty is a first step to the design of effective public policies, however, it is also essential to know where the poor are located. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity of the factors that influence monetary poverty for each district in Peru. We apply a Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) approach, which allows us to capture the non-stationarity of the hidden data and to provide coefficients for each district, unlike the OLS model. This research mainly uses the Poverty Map and the Population and Household Census of Peru, both from 2007 and 2017. The overriding findings of our results indicate that female headship, secondary education, electricity, and sanitation services are directly associated with poverty reduction at the local level. For 2007, significant effects are mainly concentrated in the districts of Pasco, Lima and Cajamarca regions. For 2017, the results show a shift towards districts of Junín, Huancavelica, and Cajamarca regions. Likewise, it is highlighted that the highest mean negative effect on poverty is generated by Secondary Education in the GWR estimates; while malnutrition represents the highest mean positive effect on poverty for the level and intercensal models. Finally, the empirical evidence found in this research can help establish better policy designs at the district level.

scholarly journals INFORMATION CAPABILITIES OF THE STATISTICAL DOCUMENTS OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY FOR THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE FORMER TERRITORIES BELGOROD DEFENSE LINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
N. A. Zhirov
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The study of the frontier zone spaces is an urgent issue in modern Russian and foreign historiography. In the historical realities of the XVI-XVII centuries, the zone of the Russian frontier was located to the south of Moscow and stretched over a huge area of the forest-steppe zone, starting from the headwaters of the Don and going deep into the Steppe. Since the second half of the XVII century, thanks to the creation of the Belgorod defense line, rapid development of the territory of the line itself and adjacent territories began. But the real socio-economic ef fect of the construction of this line of defensive fortifications arose much later, by the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. In our article, the main emphasis is placed on the information capabilities of statistical sources of the first half of the XIX century on the socio-economic history of the Belgorod region. The territory of the Yelets county of the Oryol province, which was a historical part of the defense line, was taken as the object of the study. The study of socio-economic processes at the local level in a broad chronological framework is a promising direction in modern historical science. Shifting research emphasis from fixing the actual state of processes at a certain time in favor of studying their historical evolution over a long chronological period can help a scientist to take a fresh look at both little-studied and well-known facts. The research methodology consists of the use of both traditional methods and modern source-based methods. Our article describes the main markers with the help of which a comprehensive assessment of socio-economic changes in the studied territory will be carried out over a long chronological period. Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that statistical sources of the first half of the XIX century have a wide range of information opportunities for the history of socioeconomic processes that took place on the territory of the county. The obtained information is well combined with the information from mass sources of the XVII-XVIII centuries, without violating the basic methodological principles, but only expanding the possibilities of applying this approach to other territories located near or bordering the Belgorod line.

Landscape structure of Maima river basin (Russian Altai)

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 (11) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
L.F. Lubenets ◽  
D.V. Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mountain Part ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
Russian Altai

The analysis of landscape differentiation of the low-mountain Maima basin was performed due to the field studies for different periods as well as the remote sensing data. The formation of modern landscapes of the basin depends on regional features related to geographical location of landscapes on the periphery of the mountain region (mainly in its low-mountain part) and local factors as well. Structural-lithological and geomorphological heterogeneity, high-altitude along with climatic background parameters determine the development of the landscape structure of the territory. The basin map represents the peculiarities of current landscapes arrangement at the local level (groups of stows, their spatial modifications) and atregional one (subtypes of landscapes). In the forest-steppe area, slopes (4-10 and 10-20) of the southern, western and eastern aspects with grass-forb real and steppe meadows dominate. Sub-taiga landscapes are represented by terraced slopes (10-20) of northern and northeastern aspects with birch-pine and pine-birch forests. Among the chern-taiga landscapes, the slopes (10-20) of the eastern and western aspects with birch-aspen-fir forests prevail. Modified and transformed landscapes occupy about 30 % of the basin area due to the largest agglomeration (Gorno- Altaisk, Maima and Kyzyl-Ozek) in the Russian Altai. Secondary grasslands occupy 20 % of the basin area that is mainly related with anthropogenic modifications (deforestation, grasslands). The share of perennial plantations and arable land accounts for 2 %; built – up areas-about 4 %.

scholarly journals Criteria, normative parameters and pedotransfer models for precise tillage

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
V. V. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Spherical Type ◽  
Physical Clay ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
Base Parameters

As object the field by the area of 40 hectares in Forest-steppe of the Kharkiv area on which three types of soil are allocated - chernozem typical poorly eroded, chernozem podsolic and dark grey podsolic. The regular network from 45 elementary plots on a field have put. On everyone them the contents of physical clay and total humus (in the subsequent models it there were base parameters), and also equilibrium bulk of density, penetration resistance, blocks (functional parameters) and the crop are considered. Statistical parameters and geostatistics are calculated. Results of processing of the spatial information were those. Factors of pair and plural correlation between base and functional parameters - within the limits of 0,5-0,8, factors of a variation - low for the content of humus, physical clay and bulk of density, moderately high for penetration resistance and very high - for block. The variogam - mainly spherical type, the nagget-effect was insignificant, and the radius of correlation has made about 240-260 m. Though variability of base parameters was moderate, and functional raised, presence of autocorrelation function, that is its authentic deviation from zero, proves existence of spatial heterogeneity on the investigated field. About same obvious peaks on curves of spectral density of a dispersion testify. It means, that connections between base and functional parameters were encouraging enough, their spatial structures in the investigated field relatives, and search of borders between allotments with various fertility, it has appeared quite proved and successful.  The final stage of processing consisted in construction of 2-D-diagrams on experimental data (with use of software Surfer), and then the same diagrams of blocks, bulk of density and of penetration resistance (as indicators of preseeding precise tillage) on settlement pedotransfer models. Instead of difficult procedure of an establishment of spatial heterogeneity of a field and revealing on it of contours with various physical properties it is offered to take advantage of pedotransfer models. As the basis for this purpose close values of thresholds of a dispersion and radiuses of correlation, authentic correlation connections between soil base and functional parameters have served uniformity spherical variogrammes. For a choice of intensity of preseeding operations normative parameters for display physical properties of a sowing layer are proved. Revealed on the basis of settlement models and natural researches on a field agritechnology contours for differentiation of intensity of preseeding tillage have appeared similar enough on a configuration and the area. Thus, in article the basic opportunity of allocation on a field agritechnology groups for carrying out of various ways of machining, using for this purpose pedotransfer models is shown. Pedotransfer modelling can become actual only on condition that other, more simple and effective ways of measurement of base parameters will be found, it is desirable in modes in situ and on-line. Pedotransfer models are perspective in precise agriculture under condition of development of remote methods of definition of base parameters.

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