Prevalence Rates of the Endosymbiotic Bacterium of the Wolbachia Genus in Natural Populations of Ostrinia nubilalis and Ostrinia scapulalis (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) in Southwestern Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Tokarev ◽  
M. A. Yudina ◽  
J. M. Malysh ◽  
R. A. Bykov ◽  
A. N. Frolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacterium ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Ostrinia Scapulalis

scholarly journals Prevalence rates of Wolbachia endosymbiotic bacterium in natural populations of Ostrinia Nubilalis and Ostrinia Scapulalis (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) in South-Western Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri S Tokarev ◽  
Mariya A Yudina ◽  
Julia M Malysh ◽  
Roman A Bykov ◽  
Andrei N Frolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Positive Signal ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Corn Borers ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Ostrinia Scapulalis

Background. Endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia are widespread in arthropods and often cause reproductive abnormalities in lepidopteran insects, including corn borers of the genus Ostrinia. Wolbachia-Ostrinia is a promising model for studies of parasite-host interactions yet parasite prevalence in natural insect host populations remains unknown. Materials and Methods. Molecular genetic screening and statistical analysis is applied to evaluate prevalence rates of Wolbachia in sympatric populations of two corn borer species. Individual genomic DNA samples were extracted from last instar larvae collected in nature from different forage plants. For each sample of DNA showing positive signal with insect-specific primers the detection is performed using three diagnostic loci of Wolbachia: 16SrRNA, gatB and fbpA. Results. Wolbachia-positive signal is obtained for 13.5% larvae of Ostrinia nubilalis (N = 141) and 31.9% larvae of Ostrinia scapulalis (N = 138). In different localities the Wolbachia prevalence ranged from 2.9% (N = 34) to 65.8% (N = 38). Significantly higher rates of Wolbachia prevalence in insects from mugwort and hemp (O. scapulalis) as compared to those from corn (O. nubilalis) are revealed in three out of four localities. Conclusions. Endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia are revealed in natural populations of corn borers for the first time for Eastern Europe. The prevalence rates can be high and this should be taken into consideration when reproductive isolation is examined in population of these hosts as well as establishment of laboratory cultures is performed.

Dynamics of Nosema pyrausta in natural populations of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis: A six-year study

BioControl ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie C. Lewis ◽  
Douglas V. Sumerford ◽  
Lori A. Bing ◽  
Robert D. Gunnarson
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Corn Borer

scholarly journals Complete Mitogenomic Structure and Phylogenetic Implications of the Genus Ostrinia (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Nan Zhou ◽  
Yanling Dong ◽  
Pingping Qiao ◽  
Zhaofu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Control Region ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Ostrinia Furnacalis ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Ostrinia Scapulalis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rna Genes

To understand mitogenome characteristics and reveal phylogenetic relationships of the genus Ostrinia, including several notorious pests of great importance for crops, we sequenced the complete mitogenomes of four species: Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée, 1854), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner, 1796), Ostrinia scapulalis (Walker, 1859) and Ostrinia zealis (Guenée, 1854). Results indicate that the four mitogenomes—O. furnacalis, O. nubilalis, O. scapulalis, and O. zealis—are 15,245, 15,248, 15,311, and 15,208 bp in size, respectively. All four mitogenomes are comprised of 37 encoded genes and a control region. All 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) initiate with ATN and terminate with TAN, with the exception of cox1 that starts with CGA, and cox1, cox2, and nad5 that terminate with an incomplete codon T. All transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) present the typical clover-leaf secondary structure except for the trnS1 (AGN) gene. There are some conserved structural elements in the control region. Our analyses indicate that nad6 and atp6 exhibit higher evolution rates compared to other PCGs. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitogenomes using both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods revealed the relationship (O. palustralis + (O. penitalis + (O. zealis + (O. furnacalis + (O. nubilalis + O. scapulalis))))) within Ostrinia.

scholarly journals Spiroplasma Symbiont of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Insecta: Homoptera)

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 1284-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takema Fukatsu ◽  
Tsutomu Tsuchida ◽  
Naruo Nikoh ◽  
Ryuichi Koga
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacterium ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
16S Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Successive Generations

ABSTRACT From a laboratory strain of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, we discovered a previously unknown facultative endosymbiotic bacterium. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 16S ribosomal DNA revealed that the bacterium is a member of the genusSpiroplasma. The Spiroplasma organism showed stable vertical transmission through successive generations of the host. Injection of hemolymph from infected insects into uninfected insects established a stable infection in the recipients. TheSpiroplasma symbiont exhibited negative effects on growth, reproduction, and longevity of the host, particularly in older adults. Of 58 clonal strains of A. pisum established from natural populations in central Japan, 4 strains possessed theSpiroplasma organism.

scholarly journals Novel Wolbachia strains in Anopheles malaria vectors from Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. Jeffries ◽  
Gena G. Lawrence ◽  
George Golovko ◽  
Mojca Kristan ◽  
James Orsborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacterium ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Wolbachia, a common insect endosymbiotic bacterium that can influence pathogen transmission and manipulate host reproduction, has historically been considered absent from the Anopheles (An.) genera, but has recently been found in An. gambiae s.l. populations.  As there are numerous Anopheles species that have the capacity to transmit malaria, we analysed a range of species to determine Wolbachia prevalence rates, characterise novel Wolbachia strains and determine any correlation between the presence of Plasmodium, Wolbachia and the competing endosymbiotic bacterium Asaia. Methods: Anopheles adult mosquitoes were collected from five malaria-endemic countries: Guinea, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ghana, Uganda and Madagascar, between 2013 and 2017.  Molecular analysis of samples was undertaken using quantitative PCR, Sanger sequencing, Wolbachia multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene.  Results: Novel Wolbachia strains were discovered in five species: An. coluzzii, An. gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis, An. moucheti and An. species ‘A’, increasing the number of Anopheles species known to be naturally infected. Variable prevalence rates in different locations were observed and novel strains were phylogenetically diverse, clustering with Wolbachia supergroup B strains.  We also provide evidence for resident strain variants within An. species ‘A’.  Wolbachia is the dominant member of the microbiome in An. moucheti and An. species ‘A’, but present at lower densities in An. coluzzii.  Interestingly, no evidence of Wolbachia/Asaia co-infections was seen and Asaia infection densities were also shown to be variable and location dependent.  Conclusions: The important discovery of novel Wolbachia strains in Anopheles provides greater insight into the prevalence of resident Wolbachia strains in diverse malaria vectors.  Novel Wolbachia strains (particularly high-density strains) are ideal candidate strains for transinfection to create stable infections in other Anopheles mosquito species, which could be used for population replacement or suppression control strategies.

scholarly journals Prevalence rates of Trichogramma evanescens (Westwood) in Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) population in the south of russia in 2013-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 00012
Author(s):  
Inna Grushevaya
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Trichogramma Evanescens ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Two Generations

The European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) is a dangerous corn pest – a convenient object for studying population dynamics and assessing various pest mortality factors. The mortality of European corn borer’s eggs by the natural parasite population Trichogramma evanescens (Westwood) was estimated in 2013–2018 in the Gulkevichsky district of the Krasnodar Territory. Two generations of the European corn borer are developing in the Krasnodar Territory. Often pest’s first generation of is not infected with the parasite. When monitoring the abundance of the second generation, even in years with a low abundance of the European corn borer, infected phytophage eggs are found in the crops of grain corn. Infection of eggs of the second-generation European corn borer in 2013-2018 ranged from 0.26 to 69.55 eggs / m2, with an average of 37.53 eggs / m2.

High-voltage electron microscopy of maxillary gland of spirochete-infected brine shrimp: lesion of efferent tubule

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 362-363
Author(s):  
G. E. Tyson ◽  
M. J. Song
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Infected Adult

Natural populations of the brine shrimp, Artemia, may possess spirochete- infected animals in low numbers. The ultrastructure of Artemia's spirochete has been described by conventional transmission electron microscopy. In infected shrimp, spirochetal cells were abundant in the blood and also occurred intra- and extracellularly in the three organs examined, i.e. the maxillary gland (segmental excretory organ), the integument, and certain muscles The efferent-tubule region of the maxillary gland possessed a distinctive lesion comprised of a group of spirochetes, together with numerous small vesicles, situated in a cave-like indentation of the base of the tubule epithelium. in some instances the basal lamina at a lesion site was clearly discontinuous. High-voltage electron microscopy has now been used to study lesions of the efferent tubule, with the aim of understanding better their three-dimensional structure.Tissue from one maxillary gland of an infected, adult, female brine shrimp was used for HVEM study.

Effect of acid deposition on trichome morphology and dogwood anthracnose biology

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 840-841
Author(s):  
Kyle T. Thornham ◽  
R. Jay Stipes ◽  
Randolph L. Grayson
Keyword(s):  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Tree Disease ◽  
Flowering Dogwood ◽  
Discula Destructiva ◽  
Disease Induction ◽  
Dogwood Anthracnose ◽  
Trichome Morphology ◽  
Precipitation Events

Dogwood anthracnose, caused by Discula destructiva (1), is another new catastrophic tree disease that has ravaged natural populations of the flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) in the Appalachians over the past 15 years, and the epidemic is prognosticated to continue (2). An estimated 9.5 million acres have been affected, primarily in the Appalachian Mountains, from VA southwards, alone, and an estimated 50% of all dogwoods in PA have been killed. Since acid deposition has been linked experimentally with disease induction, and since the disease incidence and severity are more pronounced at higher elevations where lower pH precipitation events occur, we investigated the effect of acidic foliar sprays on moiphologic changes in the foliar cuticle and trichomes (3), the initial sites of infection and foci of Discula sporulation.

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