scholarly journals Severe tricuspid valve destruction secondary to previous non-appropriately treated endocarditis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e227408
Author(s):  
Fatouma Sall ◽  
Anicet Adoubi ◽  
Nina Koffi ◽  
Herve Yangni-Angate
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
History Of

Tricuspid valve(TV) destruction with a remote history of endocarditis without known risk factors (ie, HIV, intravenous drug use, neoplasm, trauma) is rare. We describe the case of a TVs destruction in a 12-year-old non-HIV boy, with a 4-year history of endocarditis without known risk factors nor evidence regarding previous appropriately management.

scholarly journals Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Hepatitis B and C Infection in Correctional Institutions in British Columbia

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Préfontaine ◽  
RK Chaudhary ◽  
RG Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

The factors associated with infection with hepatitis B (hbv) and C viruses (hcv) were studied in residents of correctional institutions in British Columbia. Four hundred and fifteen residents volunteered to participate in this study. Among 415 residents tested, 28% were positive forhvborhcvmarkers. Sixty-five per cent of the residents positive forhbvmarkers were also infected withhcv. However, inhbv-negative residents, only 14% were positive for antibody tohcv(anti-hcv). The highest rates forhbvandhcvwere in 25- to 44-year-old residents. The analysis of risk factors and infection predictors in 354 residents showed that intravenous drug use and history of hepatitis were associated with infection with bothhbvandhcv. The relative risk forhbvin intravenous drug users was 4.4 times that in nonusers; forhcvrelative risk was 3.4 times. In the group with history of hepatitis, the relative risk was 6.2 and 4.5 times forhbvandhcv, respectively. The multivariate analysis of the data showed that both intravenous drug use and a history of hepatitis were significant (P<0.0001). Tattooing or history of transfusion was not associated with increased risk forhcv, but tattooing and age were significant factors forhbv.

scholarly journals Increasing Multidrug Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA Infections of the Hand: A 10-Year Analysis of Risk Factors

Hand ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M. Kistler ◽  
Colin M. Vroome ◽  
Frederick V. Ramsey ◽  
Asif M. Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Empiric Treatment ◽  
Time Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most common pathogen isolated from hand abscesses. The purpose of this study was to understand trends and changes in longitudinal antibiotic resistance profiles and risk factors for these infections to better guide empiric treatment of hand infections. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of culture-positive hand infections over a 10-year period at an urban academic institution from 2005 to 2014. A subset of MRSA hand infections from 2013 to 2014 was then subanalyzed for risk factors for antibiotic resistance for antibiotics with increasing antibiotic resistance during this period. Results: MRSA grew in 46% of hand infections, with a decreasing incidence over the 10-year study period. However, in the same time period clindamycin and levofloxacin resistance increased from 7% to 31% and 12% to 56%, respectively. Risk factors for clindamycin resistance included nosocomial infections and a history of intravenous drug use and hepatitis C. Risk factors for levofloxacin resistance included a history of diabetes and a fever upon initial presentation. Conclusions: The incidence of multidrug resistance remains high, with growing resistance to clindamycin and levofloxacin. There remains a trend for increased clindamycin resistance for patients with history of intravenous drug use and nosocomial infections. Our findings indicate that clindamycin and levofloxacin should be avoided for empiric treatment for hand infections in patients with these risk factors.

A Man with a History of Intravenous Drug Use and Diffuse Small Nodular Lung Opacities on Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2079-2083
Author(s):  
Bryton E. Perman ◽  
Ian Jackson ◽  
Ali Nayfeh ◽  
Shraddha Narechania
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals 393. Changing Trends, Risk Factors, and Treatment Challenges in Staphylococcus aureus Septic Arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S202-S202
Author(s):  
Valerie Gobao ◽  
Mostafa Alfishawy ◽  
Neel Shah ◽  
Karin Byers ◽  
Mohamed Yassin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rule Out

Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus is a common organism in native septic arthritis. It is traditionally believed to be self-limited with rapid and aggressive debridement and appropriate antibiotic selection. The incidence of S. aureus septic arthritis is increasing, and further characterization is needed to improve diagnosis and treatment. For patients presenting with native S. aureus septic arthritis, we evaluated the reliability of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) screening as a predictor to rule out MRSA septic arthritis, the risk factors associated with this disease, and the treatment and surgical outcomes. Methods A retrospective case–control study of patients diagnosed with septic arthritis in the UPMC health system (Pittsburgh, PA) between 2012 and 2016 was completed. The primary outcomes of interest were surgical intervention and the need to alter antibiotic treatment. Patient demographics, characteristics, and outcomes were recorded. Results A total of 215 cases of septic arthritis were identified, and 64% (n = 138) had S. aureus cultured. In this set, 36% (50/138) of these patients were identified with MRSA. Of the patients diagnosed with MRSA septic arthritis, 50% screened prior to admission had a positive result (8/16) and 48% screened during admission had a positive result (14/29). Compared with septic arthritis with other organisms, risk factors associated with S. aureus included history of intravenous drug use (OR: 4.3, CI: 1.7 to 10.8, P = 0.002) and being immunocompetent (OR: 0.3, CI: 0.1 to 0.6, P = 0.002). These infections were associated with concurrent infections of the spine (OR: 5.7, CI: 2.1 to 15.1, P = 0.0005). As compared with other organisms, there was a high probability of switching antibiotics during treatment (OR: 3.7, CI: 1.1 to 13.0, P = 0.04) and relapse of infection (OR: 4.2, CI: 1.2 to 14.6, P = 0.02). Conclusion S. aureus septic arthritis is associated with intravenous drug use, and not with immunosuppression. A negative MRSA screen does not rule out this organism. Concurrent spine infections are common. There is a high likelihood of infection relapse and that antibiotics will need to be altered during treatment. With the opioid epidemic, the incidence is likely to increase further. More work is needed to improve diagnosis and overcome treatment challenges. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

The diagnosis of hepatitis C in a semi-rural genitourinary medicine clinic

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 847-849
Author(s):  
A R Markos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Routine Test ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genitourinary Medicine

A retrospective casenote study was conducted to examine the risk factors for patients who were diagnosed as hepatitis C (HCV)-positive (between 1999 and 2001) in a semi-rural genitourinary medicine (GUM) setting in Staffordshire, UK. There was a remarkable escalation in the number of reported HCV-positive cases, year on year, in our study. The majority of the positive cases (20/21) gave a history of previous intravenous drug use (IVDU). The incidence of other sexually transmitted infections were reportedly high in our HCV-positive patients. The increasing number of reported HCV-positive cases in the GUM clinic of the semirural Staffordshire setting, may reflect a national pattern that needs further investigations. We advise that HCV serology should be offered to GUM clients (who have a history of IVDU), and to their sex partners. They should also be advised to take tests to exclude other STDs. The case for offering HCV serology as a routine test for patients who request 'the exclusion of STDs' is still undecided.

scholarly journals BacillusPanophthalmitis with Posterior Extension to the Prechiasmatic Optic Nerve

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
James E. Kasenchak ◽  
Benjamin P. Hale ◽  
Thomas W. Wilson ◽  
Gregory M. Notz
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Eye Pain ◽  
Elevated Intraocular Pressure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Posterior Extension ◽  
Repeat Imaging

A rare case ofBacilluspanophthlamitis with extension to the prechiasmatic optic nerve secondary to hematogenous spreading after intravenous drug use is presented. A 27-year-old man with a recent history of trauma to the left eye presented with severe left eye pain following a binge of intravenous drug use. Visual acuity (VA) was LP. On examination he had chemosis, proptosis, elevated intraocular pressure, and a complete hyphema. CT-scan identified preseptal swelling, but no evidence of any posterior extension of the anterior process or orbital fractures. Topical and systemic therapy were initiated. On follow-up clinical examination less than 12 hours after presentation he had signs of a keratitis with worsening ophthalmoplegia and repeat imaging demonstrated posterior extension to the prechiasmatic optic nerve. Shortly after the cornea ruptured with cultures growingBacillus. The patient underwent enucleation and has had no further progression of infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report ofBacilluspanophthalmitis presenting with signs of trauma with posterior extension to the prechiasmatic optic nerve.

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