Radiation-induced intracranial osteosarcoma of the anterior skull base after treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e238928
Author(s):  
Ari D Kappel ◽  
Joshua D Bernstock ◽  
Daniel Francis Ditoro ◽  
Yi Lu
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Anterior Skull Base ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sinonasal Cancer ◽  
Olfactory Neuroepithelium ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Dose Radiation ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is an uncommon sinonasal cancer of the olfactory neuroepithelium that is typically treated with surgical resection followed by radiation therapy. Radiation-induced intracranial osteosarcoma of the skull base is a rare but devastating long-term complication of radiation therapy in this region. Here, we present a case of an 82-year-old patient who developed radiation-induced osteosarcoma of the anterior skull base and paranasal sinuses 10 years after radiation therapy following resection of an ENB. Older patients may be at risk of developing this complication earlier and with a worse prognosis relative to younger patients. Treating physicians/surgeons should be aware of this devastating complication. Patients who are treated with high-dose radiation therapy in this region should be followed for many years.

Treatment of anal canal carcinoma with high dose radiation therapy and concomitant fluorouracil-cisplatinum. Long-term results in 95 patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Gerard ◽  
Louis Ayzac ◽  
Dong Hun ◽  
Pascale Romestaing ◽  
Régis Coquard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Anal Canal ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Anal Canal Carcinoma ◽  
Dose Radiation

Hypofractionated High-Dose Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Long-Term Results of a Multi-Institutional Phase II Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. e483-e490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Fonteyne ◽  
Guy Soete ◽  
Stefano Arcangeli ◽  
Wilfried De Neve ◽  
Bernard Rappe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Phase Ii Trial ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dose Radiation

Review of Radiation Technologies for the Treatment of Covid-19 Coronavirus Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
E Sarapultseva ◽  
A Garmash ◽  
E Gromushkina ◽  
E Gameeva ◽  
D Maksarova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Dose Radiation

Due to the long-term lack of effective pharmacological concepts, the situation with the spread of a new coronavirus infection in 2019 (COVID-19) has aroused interest in considering the possible use of radiation technologies, including historical reports on the treatment of patients with pneumonia using low-dose radiation therapy. A brief review of articles on clinical trials of radiation technologies in the fight against COVID-19 is conducted. The authors of most of the analyzed articles, as well as the authors of this review, conclude that the available scientific data do not justify clinical trials of low-dose radiation therapy for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia due to the unclear benefits and risks of mortality from radiation-induced diseases, including radiogenic cancer and diseases of the circulatory system.

scholarly journals Multi-omics analyses of radiation survivors identify radioprotective microbes and metabolites

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6516) ◽  
pp. eaay9097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Guo ◽  
Wei-Chun Chou ◽  
Yunjia Lai ◽  
Kaixin Liang ◽  
Jason W. Tam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction ◽  
Acute Radiation Syndrome ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Proinflammatory Responses ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Dose Radiation

Ionizing radiation causes acute radiation syndrome, which leads to hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular injuries. We investigated a population of mice that recovered from high-dose radiation to live normal life spans. These “elite-survivors” harbored distinct gut microbiota that developed after radiation and protected against radiation-induced damage and death in both germ-free and conventionally housed recipients. Elevated abundances of members of the bacterial taxa Lachnospiraceae and Enterococcaceae were associated with postradiation restoration of hematopoiesis and gastrointestinal repair. These bacteria were also found to be more abundant in leukemia patients undergoing radiotherapy, who also displayed milder gastrointestinal dysfunction. In our study in mice, metabolomics revealed increased fecal concentrations of microbially derived propionate and tryptophan metabolites in elite-survivors. The administration of these metabolites caused long-term radioprotection, mitigation of hematopoietic and gastrointestinal syndromes, and a reduction in proinflammatory responses.

scholarly journals Data-Independent Acquisition Proteomics Reveals Long-Term Biomarkers in the Serum of C57BL/6J Mice Following Local High-Dose Heart Irradiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Azimzadeh ◽  
Christine von Toerne ◽  
Vikram Subramanian ◽  
Wolfgang Sievert ◽  
Gabriele Multhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cardiac Toxicity ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Data Independent Acquisition ◽  
Radiation Induced

Background and Purpose: Cardiotoxicity is a well-known adverse effect of radiation therapy. Measurable abnormalities in the heart function indicate advanced and often irreversible heart damage. Therefore, early detection of cardiac toxicity is necessary to delay and alleviate the development of the disease. The present study investigated long-term serum proteome alterations following local heart irradiation using a mouse model with the aim to detect biomarkers of radiation-induced cardiac toxicity.Materials and Methods: Serum samples from C57BL/6J mice were collected 20 weeks after local heart irradiation with 8 or 16 Gy X-ray; the controls were sham-irradiated. The samples were analyzed by quantitative proteomics based on data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. The proteomics data were further investigated using bioinformatics and ELISA.Results: The analysis showed radiation-induced changes in the level of several serum proteins involved in the acute phase response, inflammation, and cholesterol metabolism. We found significantly enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1, and IL-6) in the serum of the irradiated mice. The level of free fatty acids, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and oxidized LDL was increased, whereas that of high-density lipoprotein was decreased by irradiation.Conclusions: This study provides information on systemic effects of heart irradiation. It elucidates a radiation fingerprint in the serum that may be used to elucidate adverse cardiac effects after radiation therapy.

Predicting the risk of secondary malignancies associated with stereotactic body radiation therapy.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17562-e17562
Author(s):  
David Paul Horowitz ◽  
John Ng ◽  
Igor Shuryak ◽  
K. S. Clifford Chao ◽  
David J. Brenner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Secondary Malignancies ◽  
Lung Malignancy ◽  
Lung Malignancies ◽  
Radiation Induced

e17562 Background: Treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is associated with high rates of local control and long-term overall survival. With increasing frequency, SBRT is a treatment option for operable tumors which raises the question of the risk of long-term toxicities such as radiation-induced secondary malignancies. There has been no previous risk assessment or epidemiological studies of secondary malignancies with high-dose hypofractionated SBRT. In this study, we seek to quantify the predicted rates of secondary lung malignancies in patients treated with SBRT for stage I-II NSCLC. Methods: Treatment plans for 14 stage I-II NSCLC patients treated with definitive-intent SBRT at Columbia University Medical Center were retrospectively assessed. Median patient age was 73 years (range 54 - 86) with median tumor size of 2.8 cm (range 1.2 - 5.0). SBRT doses ranged from 40-60 Gy in 3-5 fractions. Dose-volume histograms for target PTV and normal lung were generated from planning CT scans. A biologically-based mathematical model of spontaneous and radiation-induced carcinogenesis was used to determine the excess absolute risk and the median lifetime estimated relative risk of secondary lung malignancies for each plan. These risks were then compared using 2-sided t-tests. Results: For all patients, the median lifetime estimated absolute risk of secondary lung malignancy was 1.06% (95% CI 0.62%-1.98%), and the median lifetime estimated relative risk of secondary lung malignancy was 1.61 (95% CI 1.47-1.75) after SBRT. For patients aged less than 65 years, median estimated absolute risk of secondary malignancies was higher (2.8%) than for patients age 65 and older (0.37%), p < 0.001. PTV volume less than 50 cc vs greater than 50 cc, T1 vs T2 tumors, and gender were not significantly associated with differences in estimated absolute risk or estimated relative risk of secondary malignancies. Conclusions: As SBRT is potentially indicated in younger medically operable patients, the long-term late toxicities need to be determined. This study suggests that the risk of second lung malignancies from high-dose SBRT even in younger patients would be minimal.

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