Assessment of the Catford drum in visual acuity testing and its use as a measurement of visual performance in low-vision patients.

In this study, 30 children with low vision (divided into a high and a low visual acuity group) were presented with stimuli under four conditions (white stimuli-white light, orange stimuli-white light, white stimuli-black light, and orange stimuli-black light) and were asked to rank their preferences for the four conditions. The goal was to determine the effects of the various combinations of stimuli and lighting on the children's visual performance. The orange stimuli viewed under black light resulted in the best performance overall, benefited the low-acuity group more than the high-acuity group, and was the most-preferred condition for both groups.

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A practical logMAR near reference table for low vision practitioners: Design and applications

African Vision and Eye Health ◽

10.4102/aveh.v65i4.271 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Alabi O. Oduntan

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Low Vision ◽

Optical Devices ◽

Visual Performance ◽

Viewing Distance ◽

Reference Table ◽

Standard Values ◽

Print Size

LogMAR charts are particularly useful for visual acuity (VA) measurement for low vision patients as they simplify conversion of non-standard viewing distance visual acuities to standard values. Also, the process of predicting various quantities involved in the prescrip-tion of optical devices for patients are greatly facilitated. However, the processes involved in the use of this logMAR principle require series of multiplication and division by the logMAR ratio of 1.2589. A table computed and pre-sented in this article provides easy reference for the conversions and predictions needed for the various quantities at near. The table (Table 1) is computed using the logMAR scale of 1.2589 in logMAR, M and N notations. The table con-tains VA values between logMAR 1.4 (10M or 80 point) and logMAR 0.18 (1.3M or10 point) in steps of 1.2589 for reduced (non-standard) viewing distances ranging from 31.8 cm (0.32 m) to 3.2 cm (0.03M). The table contains values which can be used to convert visual acuity values measured at reduced near view-ing distances to standard visual acuity values. The values also can be used to represent any of the quantities involved in the prescription of optical devices for low vision patients. The use of the table for converting reduced distance VA values to standard values and for predict-ing optical powers and visual performance of low vision patients are discussed with relevant examples. Like all principles based on the log-MAR principles, the table is quite versatile in VA conversion and prediction of the various quantities such as print size that can be read by the low vision patient when factors such as viewing distance or power are varied.

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A practical logMAR near reference table for low vision practitioners: Design and applicationd

African Vision and Eye Health ◽

10.4102/aveh.v65i4.275 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 157-162

Author(s):

Alabi O. Oduntan

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Low Vision ◽

Optical Devices ◽

Visual Performance ◽

Viewing Distance ◽

Reference Table ◽

Standard Values ◽

Print Size

LogMAR charts are particularly useful for visual acuity (VA) measurement for low visionpatients as they simplify conversion of non-standard viewing distance visual acuities to standard values. Also, the process of predictingvarious quantities involved in the prescription of optical devices for patients are greatly facilitated. However, the processes involved in the use of this logMAR principle require series of multiplication and division by the logMAR ratio of 1.2589. A table computed and presented in this article provides easy reference forthe conversions and predictions needed for the various quantities at near. The table (Table 1) is computed using the logMAR scale of 1.2589in logMAR, M and N notations. The table contains VA values between logMAR 1.4 (10M or 80 point) and logMAR 0.18 (1.3M or10 point) in steps of 1.2589 for reduced (non-standard) viewing distances ranging from 31.8 cm (0.32 m) to 3.2 cm (0.03M). The table contains values which can be used to convert visual acuity values measured at reduced near viewing distances to standard visual acuity values. The values also can be used to represent any of the quantities involved in the prescription of optical devices for low vision patients. The use of the table for converting reduced distance VA values to standard values and for predicting optical powers and visual performance of low vision patients are discussed with relevant examples. Like all principles based on the logMAR principles, the table is quite versatile in VA conversion and prediction of the various quantities such as print size that can be read by the low vision patient when factors such as viewing distance or power are varied.

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Preliminary results of visual acuity testing in an African elephant

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e536982012-742 ◽

1997 ◽

Author(s):

Melissa R. Shyan ◽

Jeff Peterson ◽

Barbara Milankow ◽

Robert H. I. Dale

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

African Elephant ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Visual Acuity Testing

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CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RESULTS OF CATARACT SURGERY IN THE SMALL PUPIL EYE BY PHACOEMUSIFICATION

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2018.2.13 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 79-82

Author(s):

Van Minh Pham ◽

Van Nam Phan ◽

Thi Thu Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Cataract Surgery ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Low Vision ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Posterior Chamber ◽

Good Visual Acuity ◽

Before And After ◽

Grade Ii ◽

Small Pupil

Objectives: To investigate the clinical characteristics of cataract patients with small pupils and to evaluate the result of cataract surgery on the eye have small pupils by phacotechnique. Subjects and methods: Descriptive study, prospective, uncontrolled interventions. Sample selection. The sample size of 70 patients with 70 eyes of cataracts with small pupils was treated by phaco technique and intraocular lens implant within posterior chamber. Follow up to 3 months. Results: 70 eyes, the percentage of men and women was not different from 54.2% (38 male) compared to 45.8% (32 female). The mean age was 80 ± 8.74, from 58 to 99 years. The disease was mainly found in the age group over 70 years old with over 80% (51.5%). Visual acuity before surgery was very poor under 3m CF (count finger) for 68.6% (48/70). Visual acuity over 1/10 was only a small amount with 2.8% (2 eyes). Pseudoexfoliation was the most common reason complications of mydriasis with 32/70 eyes (45.7%) and 22/70 eyes (31.4%) for age. The preoperative pupilarysizewas mostly small with 63/70 eyes (90.0%), non-dilated pupils (7/70 eyes) (10.0%). Average pupil size was 3.34 mm (2 - 4mm). Iris condition: iris atrophy 20/10 eyes (28.6%), iris synechiae 11/10 (15.7%), irregular iris muscle with 51, 4% and good iris muscle accounted for 48.6%. Grade of cataract: Grade III: 31/70 eyes (44.3%), Grade IV: 32/70 eyes (45.7%), Grade II: 5/70 eyes (7.1%) and V:2/70 eyes (2.9%). Pupil expander technique: OVD injection with 42/70 eyes (60%), using iris hook with 23/70 eyes (32.9%). Pupillary size before and after intervention has changed from 3.7mm to 4.48mm. Conclusions: Iris expander techniques have been shown to have good dilated pupils: 60.0% OVD injection, iris hook was 32.9%, other methods 7.1% One-week visibility of good visual acuity was higher than that of postoperative one day (12.2%) and increased at 1 month and 3 months (20.0%). Very good visual acuity was not available and low vision group was 1.4% after 3 months. Key words: cataract surgery; phacoemusification, small pupil

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Epidemiological Findings of Refractive Errors and Amblyopia among the Schoolchildren in Hatta Region of the United Arab Emirates

Dubai Medical Journal ◽

10.1159/000512521 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Salam Chettian Kandi ◽

Hayat Ahmad Khan

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Visual Field ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Screening Program ◽

Low Vision ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Vision Screening ◽

Screening Programs ◽

School Based

Introduction: Uncorrected refractive errors and amblyopia pose a major problem affecting schoolchildren. We had previously observed that many schoolchildren in the Hatta region presented to the ophthalmology clinic with uncorrected refractive errors and amblyopia, which led us to undertake this research. As per the WHO, the term “visual impairment” can be “low vision” or “blindness.” Based on the presenting vision, “low vision” is defined for children who have vision of <6/18 to 3/60 or having visual field loss to <20° in the better-seeing eye. Children defined to have “blindness” have presenting vision of <3/60 or corresponding visual field of <10°. Purpose: To estimate the magnitude of uncorrected refractive errors and amblyopia among the schoolchildren aged 6–19 years and to assess the efficacy of school-based refractive error screening programs in the Hatta region of the United Arab Emirates. Methods: An epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on the entire student population studying in the government schools of the region. Those who failed the Snellen visual acuity chart test and those who were wearing spectacles were evaluated comprehensively by the researcher in the Department of Ophthalmology of the Hatta Hospital. Data were entered in the Refractive Error Study in School Children (RESC) eye examination form recommended by the WHO, and were later transferred to Excel sheets and analyzed by SPSS. Results: 1,591 students were screened and evaluated from the end of 2016 to mid-2017. About 21.37% (n = 340) had impaired vision with 20.9% (n = 333) refractive errors, of which 58% were uncorrected. Among the refractive error group, 19% (64 subjects) had amblyopia (4% of total students). The incidence of low vision was 9.5% and blindness was 0.38%. Low vision was found to be 9.5% and blindness 0.38%, taking in to account presenting visual acuity rather than best-corrected visual acuity for defining low vision and blindness. Conclusion: A significant number of students were detected to have uncorrected refractive errors among the vision impaired group (59%, n = 197) despite a school-based vision screening program in place. Seventy-eight percent of the amblyopia cases (n = 50) were found to be in the 11–19 years age group. Noncompliance with optical corrections was the reason for the high number of cases. A rigorous vision screening program and refractive services, complimented with awareness among parents and teachers, are recommended.

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Comparison of the visual performance of iris-fixated phakic lens and implantable collamer lens to correct high myopia

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-01995-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-ling Jiao ◽

Jun Li ◽

Zhe Yu ◽

Ping-hui Wei ◽

Hui Song

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

High Myopia ◽

Optical Quality ◽

Visual Performance ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Modulation Transfer ◽

Implantable Collamer Lens ◽

Good Visual Acuity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 6

Abstract Background To compare visual performance between the iris-fixated phakic intraocular len (pIOL) and implantable collamer len (ICL) to correct high myopia. Methods Twenty-four eyes underwent iris-fixated pIOL implantation and 24 eyes underwent ICL implantation. At the 6-month follow-up, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) were compared between the iris-fixated pIOL and ICL groups. The objective scatter index (OSI), modulation transfer function (MTF) cutoff, and ocular aberrations were performed to evaluate postoperative visual quality between the two groups. Results No significant difference was found in UDVA, BCVA, and spherical equivalent between the iris-fixated pIOL and ICL groups (P > 0.05). Six months after surgery, the following values were significantly higher in the ICL group than in the iris-fixated pIOL group: MTF cutoff, strehl ratio and optical quality analysis system values at contrasts of 9 %, 20 %, and 100 % (P < 0.01). The OSI in the iris-fixated pIOL group was higher than in the ICL group 6 months after surgery (P < 0.01). All high-order aberrations were slightly more severe in the iris-fixated pIOL group than in the ICL group 6 months after surgery, although only trefoil (P = 0.023) differed significantly in this regard. Conclusions Both iris-fixated lenses and ICLs can provide good visual acuity. ICLs confer better visual performance in MTF-associated parameters and induce less intraocular light scattering than iris-fixated pIOLs.

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Vision through Various Scuba Facemasks

Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ◽

10.1177/001872087401600407 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 395-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. M. Luria ◽

Steven H. Ferris ◽

Christine L. McKay ◽

Jo Ann S. Kinney ◽

Helen M. Paulson

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Optical Properties ◽

Visual Fields ◽

Differential Susceptibility ◽

Visual Performance ◽

Visual Process ◽

Hand Eye Coordination ◽

Size Estimates

The visual performance using five commercially avaible facemasks was compared. Measurements were made of visual fields, visual acuity, stereoacuity, hand-eye coordination, accuracy of distance estimates, and accuracy of size estimates at both near and far distances. In addition, the optical properties of the masks were measured and the susceptibility of each mask to fogging was tested. There were significant differences among the masks for every visual process tested. Some masks were superior for one purpose and inferior for another purpose. For example, the mask which had lenses designed to compensate for the optical distortions found under water improved size and distance estimates and hand-eye coordination, but degraded acuity and stereoacuity. The results were not expplained on the basis of differential susceptibility to fogging.

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Pseudoamblyopia in Congenital Cyclotropia

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2017/1870290 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Antonio Frattolillo ◽

Filippo Tassi ◽

Valentina Di Croce ◽

Costantino Schiavi

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Surgical Correction ◽

Visual Performance ◽

Time Study ◽

Superior Oblique Palsy ◽

Fixation Pattern ◽

Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

Best Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

Superior Oblique

Purpose. To study the effect of surgery on amblyopia and suppression associated with congenital cyclovertical strabismus. Methods. The fixation pattern was investigated with microperimetry before and soon after surgery in ten consecutive children operated for congenital superior oblique palsy at the S. Martino Hospital, Belluno, Italy, between September 2014 and December 2015. Changes in visual performance in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and stereopsis between the day before and one week after surgery were also evaluated. No other amblyopia treatment has been administered during the time study. Results. Surgical correction of the excyclodeviation in congenital SO palsy determined monocular and binocular sensory consequences: monocularly, in the cyclodeviated amblyopic eye, BCVA (0.46–0.03 LogMAR; p<0.0001) and the fixation pattern improved, as demonstrated by microperimetry examination. Binocularly, stereopsis improved or emerged while suppression at the Worth four-dot test disappeared. Conclusions. In the absence of further amblyopic factors such as coexisting constant vertical and/or horizontal deviation and anisometropia, the amblyopia encountered in congenital SO palsy may resolve soon after the surgical alignment. Therefore, it may be considered and defined “pseudoamblyopia.”

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An Impact analysis of visual performance to information for mobility in people with low vision

INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW ◽

10.2208/journalip.27.893 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 27 (0) ◽

pp. 893-902

Author(s):

Takao YANAGIHARA ◽

Keisuke SAITO ◽

Hiroshi KITAGAWA ◽

Akihiro MIHOSHI

Keyword(s):

Impact Analysis ◽

Low Vision ◽

Visual Performance

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