Head and neck size and neck strength minimise the head acceleration during repeated head impacts

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. A66.1-A66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn B Caccese ◽  
Thomas A Buckley ◽  
Ryan T Tierney ◽  
William C Rose ◽  
Kristy B Arbogast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Head Acceleration ◽  
Neck Size ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Neck Strength

Head and neck size and neck strength predict linear and rotational acceleration during purposeful soccer heading

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn B. Caccese ◽  
Thomas A. Buckley ◽  
Ryan T. Tierney ◽  
Kristy B. Arbogast ◽  
William C. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Rotational Acceleration ◽  
Neck Size ◽  
Neck Strength ◽  
Soccer Heading

The Influence of Neck Stiffness on Head Kinematics and Maximum Principal Strain Associated With Youth American Football Collisions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Janie Cournoyer ◽  
David Koncan ◽  
Michael D. Gilchrist ◽  
T. Blaine Hoshizaki
Keyword(s):  
American Football ◽  
Principal Strain ◽  
Neck Stiffness ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Head Kinematics ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Maximum Principal Strain ◽  
Direct Head ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Neck Strength

Understanding the relationship between head mass and neck stiffness during direct head impacts is especially concerning in youth sports where athletes have higher proportional head mass to neck strength. This study compared 2 neck stiffness conditions for peak linear and rotational acceleration and brain tissue deformations across 3 impact velocities, 3 impact locations, and 2 striking masses. A pendulum fitted with a nylon cap was used to impact a fifth percentile hybrid III headform equipped with 9 accelerometers and fitted with a youth American football helmet. The 2 neck stiffness conditions consisted of a neckform with and without resistance in 3 planes, representing the upper trapezius, the splenius capitis, and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. Increased neck stiffness resulted in significant changes in head kinematics and maximum principal strain specific to impact velocity, impact location, and striking mass.

scholarly journals The relation between neck strength and psychological distress: preliminary evidence from collegiate soccer athletes

Concussion ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. CNC91
Author(s):  
Tara Porfido ◽  
Nicola L de Souza ◽  
Allison M Brown ◽  
Jennifer F Buckman ◽  
Brian D Fanning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Psychological Function ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Repetitive Head Impacts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Neck Strength ◽  
Lower Neck

Aim: To examine whether neck strength and symmetry are associated with psychological function in athletes with exposure to repetitive head impacts. Methods: Collegiate soccer (n = 29) and limited/noncontact (n = 63) athletes without a history of concussion completed the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 and assessments of isometric neck strength. Neck strength symmetry was calculated as the difference in strength between opposing muscle groups. Results: The results demonstrated that lower neck strength was associated with more symptoms of anxiety, whereas asymmetry in neck strength was associated with more symptoms of somatization and depression in soccer athletes only. Conclusion: These preliminary results suggest that greater neck strength/symmetry is related to better psychological function in athletes who have higher exposure to repetitive head impacts.

Head Impact Exposure in Youth Football: Middle School Ages 12–14 Years

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray W. Daniel ◽  
Steven Rowson ◽  
Stefan M. Duma
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Head Acceleration ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Football Helmet ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Youth Football

The head impact exposure experienced by football players at the college and high school levels has been well documented; however, there are limited data regarding youth football despite its dramatically larger population. The objective of this study was to investigate head impact exposure in middle school football. Impacts were monitored using a commercially available accelerometer array installed inside the helmets of 17 players aged 12–14 years. A total of 4678 impacts were measured, with an average (±standard deviation) of 275 ± 190 impacts per player. The average of impact distributions for each player had a median impact of 22 ± 2 g and 954 ± 122 rad/s2, and a 95th percentile impact of 54 ± 9 g and 2525 ± 450 rad/s2. Similar to the head impact exposure experienced by high school and collegiate players, these data show that middle school football players experience a greater number of head impacts during games than practices. There were no significant differences between median and 95th percentile head acceleration magnitudes experienced during games and practices; however, a larger number of impacts greater than 80 g occurred during games than during practices. Impacts to the front and back of the helmet were most common. Overall, these data are similar to high school and college data that have been collected using similar methods. These data have applications toward youth football helmet design, the development of strategies designed to limit head impact exposure, and child-specific brain injury criteria.

scholarly journals Transient perturbation in neuro-ophthalmologic function after repetitive subconcussive head impacts: a randomized controlled trial

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S17.2-S17
Author(s):  
Keisuke Kawata ◽  
Madeleine Nowak ◽  
Zachary Bevilacqua ◽  
Keisuke Ejima ◽  
Megan Huibregtse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Oculomotor System ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Head Acceleration ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Soccer Heading

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of subconcussive head impacts on neuro-ophthalmologic function tested by the King-Devick test (KDT).BackgroundSubconcussive head impacts can lead to insidious neurological impairment if sustained repetitively. The oculomotor system is sensitive to brain trauma; however, neuro-ophthalmologic response to subconcussive head impacts remain unclear.Design/MethodsSixty-eight healthy adult soccer players with at least 5 years of soccer heading experience were randomized into either a soccer heading group (n = 36) or soccer kicking-control group (n = 32). The independent variables were group (heading vs. kicking control) and assessment time points (pre-, 0 hr-, 2 hr-, and 24 hr-post-heading/kicking). At each time point, KDT performance was assessed. Between the pre and 0hr post time points, heading subjects then performed 10 soccer headers, with the ball traveled at 25 mph, over the course of 10 minutes. The control subjects kicked the soccer ball 10 times.ResultsThe heading group experienced a median linear head acceleration of 31.8g per head impact (IQR: 31.1–34.5g) and a median rotational head acceleration of 3.56 krad/sec2 per head impact (IQR: 2.93–4.04 krad/sec2). Conversely, soccer kicks did not result in a detectable level of head acceleration. The kicking control group showed a significant improvement in KDT performance over time, indicating the neuro-ophthalmologic adaptability and learning effect (pre, 42.5 ± 5.7 sec; 0 hr-post, 39.3 ± 5.9 sec; 2 h-post, 38.5 ± 5.8 sec; 24 h-post, 37.3 ± 6.1 sec). However, such improvement was blunted by repetitive soccer headings in the heading group (pre, 43.6 ± 7.8 sec; 0 hr-post, 42.7 ± 7.9 sec; 2 h-post, 42.6 ± 7.8 sec; 24 h-post, 40.7 ± 7.3 sec), as illustrated by significant time × group interactions at 0 hr (p = 0.012) and 2 hr (p = 0.002) post-heading/kicking time points in the mixed-effect regression model.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the neural circuit encompassing the brain and oculomotor system has tremendous abilities to adapt and improve its function if administered repeatedly, but subconcussive head impacts induced by soccer heading can transiently impair neuro-ophthalmologic function and its adaptive property.

scholarly journals Neck Strength Imbalance Correlates With Increased Head Acceleration in Soccer Heading

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary D.W. Dezman ◽  
Eric H. Ledet ◽  
Hamish A. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Head Acceleration ◽  
Neck Strength ◽  
Soccer Heading

Kinematics and Kinetics of Vigorous Head Shaking

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
James R. Funk ◽  
Richard A. Watson ◽  
Joseph M. Cormier ◽  
Herb Guzman ◽  
Enrique Bonugli
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Neck Strength ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics ◽  
Fixed Center

Previous studies on neck muscle strength and motion have assumed or imposed varying constraints on the heads and bodies of the subjects. In this study, we asked 20 subjects to vigorously shake their heads 5−10 times in a completely unconstrained manner. The kinematics and kinetics of the head and neck were measured from video analysis and instrumentation mounted inside the mouth. Subjects shook their heads at self-selected tempos ranging from 1.9−4.7 Hz over a 20−91° range of motion. The motion of each subject’s head could be approximated by a fixed center of rotation that was typically located in the midcervical spine, but varied widely among subjects. Significant differences between men and women were observed. Peak head accelerations were low (4.3 ± 1.1 g and 250 ± 103 rad/s2 for men, 3.0 ± 0.9 g and 182 ± 58 rad/s2 for women) and estimated peak generated neck moments at C7/T1 were comparable to values reported in isometric neck strength studies (47 ± 14 N·m in extension and 22 ± 9 N·m in flexion for men, 25 ± 8 N·m in extension and 9 ± 7 N·m in flexion for women).

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