Zionism and the Negation of the Diaspora

This chapter traces the origins and evolution of the idea that the welfare of Jews in the diaspora depends upon a strong Jewish presence in Palestine. The idea was initially generated out of a debate between Ahad Ha’am and Simon Dubnow over the prospects for developing a secular, “national” diaspora Jewish culture. Ahad Ha’am denied the possibility, insisting that only a “fixed center” in Palestine could weld dispersed Jews into a single cultural whole. Other Zionist spokesmen went farther, arguing that the diaspora was a source of physical danger or moral degeneracy that could be cured only by transplanting all the world’s Jews to Palestine. The chapter examines variations on this theme and the key texts in which they were introduced.

A look at nonexpansive mappings in non-Archimedean vector spaces

In a spherically complete ultrametric space every nonexpansive self-mapping T has a fixed point ̄x or a minimal invariant ball B(̄x, d(̄x, T(̄x)). We show how we can approximate this fixed center ̄x in a non-Archimedean vector space. And, we give a synthetic study for increasing mapping in non-Archimedean local fields.

Reconfigurable Single-/Dual-Wideband Bandpass Filters Based on a Novel Topology

Based on a new topology, a series of single-/dual-wideband bandpass filters (SWB/DWB BPFs) with reconfigurable masses of properties are presented. The proposed design starts from a dual-wideband passive filtering structure, which owns five transmission zeros in the stopbands and three transmission poles in each passband. Then, three capacitors are employed as the tuning elements. By controlling these three capacitors, DWB BPFs with different reconfigurable properties, including three independently tunable passband edges, tunable center frequency of lower passband with fixed absolute bandwidth, tunable bandwidth of lower passband with fixed center frequency, and switchable lower passband, can be realized. In addition, SWB BPF with tunable bandwidth also can be achieved by varying the inserted capacitors. For verification, a prototype with different capacitors is designed and fabricated. As the measured and simulated results agree well with each other, a simple design approach of reconfigurable SWB/DWB BPFs can be verified.

The form factor and the density distribution of the 4He nucleus using the Morse potential

The form factor and the density distribution of the He nucleus are calculated approximately using the Morse single-particle potential. The parameters are determined by fitting the theoretical charge form factor to the corresponding experimental data of the elastic electron scattering by 4He, which are extended to large values of the momentum transfer. The corrections due to the center of mass motion (in the fixed center of mass approach) and of the finite proton size have been taken into account. The calculations can be performed partly analytically and the results show a considerable im- provement with respect to those obtained with the oscillator shell model.

Sharp Skirt Dual-Mode Bandpass Filter with Overlay Plate to Control Upper Passband Edge

This paper presents design and analytical model for Sharp Skirt Dual-Mode Bandpass Filter for RF receivers. Proposed filter is designed using open stub loaded H shaped resonator. Based on analytical model insertion loss S21 and return loss S11 for proposed filter are demonstrated. Inductive Overlaying plate is proposed to control upper passband edge of proposed filter to improve frequency selectivity with fixed center frequency. The proposed filter has sharp frequency selective range from 5.1GHz to 9.2GHz. With overlay plate, frequency selective range is tuned to 5.1GHz-8.6GHz. Without overlaying plate the proposed filter has return loss greater than 10dB and insertion loss of 0.7dB. Lower and upper passband edges are at 5.1GHz and 9.2GHz with attenuation level of 52dB and 54dB respectively. With overlaying plate, the filter has same S 11 and S 21 parameters, but upper passband edge is shifted from 9.2GHz to 8.6GHz

A fully reconfigurable bandpass-to-bandpass-with-embedded-stopband filter with an ultra-wide 0.09–1.41 GHz bandwidth tuning range

A varactor-based fully reconfigurable microstrip bandpass-to-bandpass-with-embedded-stopband filter is presented in this paper. This filter offers wide center frequency and bandwidth tuning flexibility under both bandpass mode and bandpass-with-embedded-stopband mode. The entire tuning ability is based on multiple mode resonator theory and external quality factor tuning structure for bandpass mode and the introduction of transmission zeros (TZs) for bandpass-with-embedded-stopband mode. Under the bandpass mode, the center frequency tuning range is 0.96–1.45 GHz and the bandwidth can be tuned from 0.09 to 1.41 GHz with a fixed center frequency at 1.22 GHz. Under bandpass-with-embedded-stopband mode, the center frequency and bandwidth can be tuned from 0.94 to 1.61 GHz and 0.2–0.33 GHz, respectively. Good agreements are shown between simulated and measured results.

3D Talar Kinematics During External Rotation Stress Testing in Hindfoot Varus and Valgus Using a Model of Syndesmotic and Deep Deltoid Instability

Background: External rotation stress (ERS) identifies ankle instability after fibular reduction of rotational ankle injuries. Combined hindfoot and ankle motions and an inconsistent starting position could mask differing degrees of instability resulting from syndesmotic and/or deltoid ligament disruption. The goal of this work was to use full 3D talar kinematics to evaluate the effects of hindfoot orientation and foot starting position during ERS on the ability to detect instability caused by ligament disruptions. Methods: Six cadaveric ankles with metallic fiducial markers were CT scanned in neutral and 3 stress positions: varus hindfoot internal rotation stress (IRS-var), valgus hindfoot ERS (ERS-val), and varus hindfoot ERS (ERS-var). Scans were obtained in stress positions after transecting the deep deltoid ligament (tDDL) and then the syndesmotic ligaments (tDDL+Syn). Talar rotations and translations were computed in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes in each stress position. Changes in a fixed center of rotation (CoR) relative to the intact sequence were calculated. Results: Axial plane rotation beginning from IRS-var increased significantly for each level of ligamentous instability ( P < .05 for all conditions) (10.9 degrees, intact; 14.1 degrees, tDDL; 22.7 degrees, tDDL+Syn during ERS-val; and 16.4 degrees, intact; 23.1 degrees, tDDL; 29.9 degrees, tDDL+Syn during ERS-var). With ERS-val, the talar CoR moved medially (3.6-5.4 mm) and posteriorly (0.5-5.2 mm); ERS-var moved anterior/laterally or posterior/medially depending on the specific ligamentous instability. With tDDL+Syn the ankle became grossly unstable and there were no clear trends in sagittal/coronal rotation or translation. Conclusion: An ERS test from internal to external rotation consistently differentiates between normal, tDDL, and tDDL+Syn. Talar CoR moved outside the mortise with ligamentous instability. Clinical Relevance: Significant residual deep deltoid instability is likely underrecognized with current practice. The most discriminatory test for detecting such instability in our laboratory was an ERS test performed by internally rotating the foot to a hard, bony endpoint, positioning the hindfoot in varus, and then performing the entire external rotation maneuver while maintaining the varus hindfoot position.