scholarly journals TUMOURS OF THE FRONTAL LOBE OF THE BRAIN

BMJ ◽  
1928 ◽  
Vol 1 (3520) ◽  
pp. 1058-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Topological Data Analysis reveals robust alterations in the whole-brain and frontal lobe functional connectomes in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeus Gracia-Tabuenca ◽  
Juan Carlos Díaz-Patiño ◽  
Isaac Arelio ◽  
Sarael Alcauter
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Topological Data Analysis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Connectivity Threshold ◽  
Topological Data

AbstractThe functional organization of the brain network (connectome) has been widely studied as a graph; however, methodological issues may affect the results, such as the brain parcellation scheme or the selection of a proper threshold value. Instead of exploring the brain in terms of a static connectivity threshold, this work explores its algebraic topology as a function of the filtration value (i.e., the connectivity threshold), a process termed the Rips filtration in Topological Data Analysis. Specifically, we characterized the transition from all nodes being isolated to being connected into a single component as a function of the filtration value, in a public dataset of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing children. Results were highly congruent when using four different brain segmentations (atlases), and exhibited significant differences for the brain topology of children with ADHD, both at the whole brain network and at the functional sub-network levels, particularly involving the frontal lobe and the default mode network. Therefore, this approach may contribute to identify the neurophysio-pathology of ADHD, reducing the bias of connectomics-related methods.HighlightsTopological Data Analysis was implemented in functional connectomes.Betti curves were assessed based on the area under the curve, slope and kurtosis.The explored variables were robust along four different brain atlases.ADHD showed lower areas, suggesting decreased functional segregation.Frontal and default mode networks showed the greatest differences between groups.Graphical Abstract

Home Automation by Brain-Computer Interface

2014 ◽  
pp. 502-510
Author(s):  
Eduardo G. Nieva ◽  
María F. Peralta ◽  
Diego A. Beltramone
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Electroencephalographic Signals ◽  
Commercial Device ◽  
The Brain

In the present work, the authors use the Brain Computer Interface technology to allow the dependent persons the utilization of the basic elements of their house, such as turning on and turning off lamps, rolling up and down a roller shutter, or switching on the heating system. For doing this, it is necessary to automate these devices and to centralize its managing in a platform, which constitutes a domotics system. In order to achieve this, the authors have used the MindWave NeuroSky ® commercial device. It is affordable, portable, and wireless, and senses and delivers the computer the electroencephalographic signals produced in the frontal lobe and the levels of attention, relaxation, and blinking to the computer. In order to determine the efficiency of the obtained signals a test software was designed, which verified the operation´s device with different persons. The authors conclude that the easiest way to control the attention levels is concentrating on a certain point, and the way to control the relaxation levels is by closing the eyes. As a second step, the authors develop a software that takes the signal from the EEG (Electro Encephalo Graphy) sensor, processes it, and sends signals via USB to an Arduino board, which is associated with electronics that complies the different tasks. The user chooses the action by managing the attention levels. When they are higher than a particular threshold value, the action is executed. In order to disable this action, the user must lower the threshold level and overcome it again. This is the simplest and fastest way to handle, but it brings several problems: if the user concentrates for any other reason and this signal exceeds the threshold, it causes the activation of an involuntary action. To solve this problem, the authors use a three variables combination that can become independent of each other thru training properly. These variables are attention, meditation, and blink. When you comply with the three simultaneous previously established conditions, the action is executed, and when they return to fulfill the conditions, the action is deactivated. The software also has the feature of personalizing its conditions, so it can be best for any user, even a novice one.

An impairment in brain function

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Mark Selikowitz
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Front Part ◽  
Behavioural Difficulties ◽  
Gene Defects ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Chemical Messengers ◽  
Executive Function Deficits

ADHD is usually due to a depletion of certain chemical messengers in the front part of the brain. The major cause of this depletion relates to a number of defective genes. ADHD shares some of its causative genes with certain other conditions, so having ADHD makes also having these other conditions more likely. To help many children with learning and behavioural difficulties, we need to treat an impairment in their brain function. This chapter discusses impairment in brain function as a cause of ADHD, including executive function deficits, frontal lobe underactivity, neurotransmitter depletion, gene defects, and non-genetic factors. It also describes the mechanism of comorbidity.

scholarly journals Association Between Mental Stress-Induced Inferior Frontal Cortex Activation and Angina in Coronary Artery Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasra Moazzami ◽  
Matthew T. Wittbrodt ◽  
Mhmtjamil Alkhalaf ◽  
Bruno B. Lima ◽  
Jonathon A. Nye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Pain Processing ◽  
Angina Frequency ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Brain

Background: The inferior frontal lobe is an important area of the brain involved in the stress response, and higher activation with acute mental stress may indicate a more severe stress reaction. However, it is unclear if activation of this region with stress correlates with angina in individuals with coronary artery disease. Methods: Individuals with stable coronary artery disease underwent acute mental stress testing using a series of standardized speech/arithmetic stressors in conjunction with high resolution positron emission tomography imaging of the brain. Blood flow to the inferior frontal lobe was evaluated as a ratio compared with whole brain flow for each scan. Angina was assessed with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire’s angina frequency subscale at baseline and 2 years follow-up. Results: We analyzed 148 individuals with coronary artery disease (mean age [SD] 62 [8] years; 69% male, and 35.8% Black). For every doubling in the inferior frontal lobe activation, angina frequency was increased by 13.7 units at baseline ( , 13.7 [95% CI, 6.3–21.7]; P =0.008) and 11.6 units during follow-up ( , 11.6 [95% CI, 4.1–19.2]; P =0.01) in a model adjusted for baseline demographics. Mental stress-induced ischemia and activation of other brain pain processing regions (thalamus, insula, and amygdala) accounted for 40.0% and 13.1% of the total effect of inferior frontal lobe activation on angina severity, respectively. Conclusions: Inferior frontal lobe activation with mental stress is independently associated with angina at baseline and during follow-up. Mental stress-induced ischemia and other pain processing brain regions may play a contributory role.

Beyond the Homunculus: The Executive Brain: Frontal Lobe and the Civilized Mind, by Elkhonon Goldberg. 2001. New York: Oxford University Press. 251 pp., $29.95 (HB).

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-499
Author(s):  
William B. Barr
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Good News ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functions ◽  
The Brain

There is an old saying that one of mankind's biggest challenge will be to fully understand the functioning of the human brain. Some point out the ultimate irony of needing to utilize all 1400 grams of this organ to understand itself. When confronted with the riddle of frontal lobe functions, this argument can be extended further: the part of the brain that is considered to be most responsible for the highest forms of mental activity is likely to be pushed to its own limits in an effort to understand its own functions. While this might seem like an endless loop to some, the good news is that our field has been making serious advances in understanding the executive functions, those abilities we commonly attribute to the frontal lobes. Many of these successes are presented in a clear and engaging manner in this monograph.

Epigenetic changes in frontal lobe of the brain with pre- and perinatal exposure to flame retardant BDE-47

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 5215
Author(s):  
Hyang-Min Byun ◽  
Larissa Takser ◽  
Maria Chiara Frisardi ◽  
Elena Colicino ◽  
Andrea A Baccarelli
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Perinatal Exposure ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
The Brain

Editorial introduction to Greenwood/West dialogue

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-704
Author(s):  
JASON BRANDT
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Editorial Introduction ◽  
Frontal Lobe Dysfunction ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Artistic Skill

Although a U.S. Presidential Proclamation designated the 1990s “The Decade of the Brain,” not all cerebral constituents shared equally in the limelight. By anyone's accounting, the prefrontal cortex was the darling of clinicians and neuroscientists throughout the '90s, with everything from schizophrenia and anorexia nervosa to pathological gambling and the emergence of artistic skill attributed to “frontal lobe dysfunction” (David, 1992; Miller et al., 1998; Rugle & Melamed, 1993). It should come as no surprise, then, that that most universal of cognitive afflictions, aging, should be linked to changes in frontal cortex.

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