scholarly journals Postal services prop up illegal drug trade

BMJ ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 332 (7540) ◽  
pp. 508.3
Author(s):  
Grainger Laffan
Keyword(s):  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Drug Trade ◽  
Postal Services

Serious action against Kenya's drug trade is unlikely

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Drug Trade ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Weak Institutions

Subject Kenyan drug trade. Significance Kenya is a major conduit on the illegal drug trade routes from Afghanistan (heroin) and Latin America (cocaine) to Europe and North America. Efforts to control the trade are hampered by a lack of political will, weak institutions and endemic corruption, as well as a global policy response that has shown remarkably little success over the past four decades. Impacts The trade risks establishing powerful, well-resourced and criminal gangs, with consequences for local crime and violence. The extent of corruption and money laundering makes channeling illegal proceeds to political campaigns to gain influence more likely. While Kenya plays a trafficking role, local drug usage is likely to increase, fuelling crime and public health problems.

Illegal Drugs in Lebanon

2015 ◽  
pp. 292-305
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Drug Trade ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Level Of Living

Based on utility, Lebanon is pursuing illegal drug trade activities for the monetary value they offer. The ethical dilemma is that Lebanese law prohibits drug plantation, yet the government is implicitly encouraging these activities, thus the contradiction and the corruption dilemma. On a pharmaceutical and economical level, drugs have a positive outcome, but on a recreational and abusive level, drugs can be very harmful and sometimes deadly. They are not dangerous because they are against the law; they are against the law because they are dangerous. Lebanon should legalize some drugs, the ones that have minimal negative effect on consumers. Therefore, Lebanon's economy would still benefit monetarily from this industry, while making the life of the farmers much easier, and maybe give the chance to poor rural areas to offer security and a moderate level of living. This chapter explores illegal drugs in Lebanon.

scholarly journals Understanding digital drug markets through the geography of postal drug deliveries in Scotland

2021 ◽  
pp. 147737082199732
Author(s):  
Ben Matthews ◽  
Ben Collier ◽  
Susan McVie ◽  
Chris Dibben
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
National Level ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Access To Services ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Postal Services

An increase in the use of postal services to deliver drugs purchased online raises concerns about widening access to drugs markets, especially in remote and rural areas that were previously protected by geographical boundaries. Yet little is known about the geographical patterning of drugs delivered through the post. Using a novel law enforcement dataset containing details of illegal drug packages intercepted by UK Border Force en route to Scotland, we examine the geographical destination of drugs purchased online and explore the area-based characteristics associated with higher rates of delivery. This article provides previously unavailable insights into the spatial patterning of digital drugs markets at sub-national level. We use descriptive statistics, Bayesian hierarchical regression models, and spatial autocorrelation to describe the relationship between area-based characteristics and expected rate of illegal drug consignments identified across Scotland. The majority of intercepted drug packages were destined for urban centres, but there was a higher than expected delivery rate to some of Scotland’s remote and rural locations. Increased rates of drug delivery within Scottish neighbourhoods was independently associated with higher levels of crime and deprivation, with Internet connectivity and with access to services, but not with higher rates of drug-related hospitalization. Analysis of spatial clustering showed that drug delivery to the most remote and rural locations was still associated with good access to services because the packages were typically delivered to addresses in larger settlements within remote locations. Overall, postal drugs delivery reflects both relatively high use in more urban, more deprived areas but also seems to open up more remote regions to drug markets, albeit with usage concentrated in larger settlements within otherwise remote areas.

scholarly journals Afghanistan Factor in Pak-US Relations

2018 ◽  
Vol I (I) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Noor Fatima ◽  
Iqra Jathol
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Drug Trade ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Afghan Refugees ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Complicated Situation

Afghan's interference of the Soviet Union in 1979 made anger worldwide and demonstrated a definitive minute in the universal political situation. Soviet imperialism strategy when tested the security of Pakistan, it showed up as a front - line nation and the primary course to give help to Afghan Mujahedin. This paper has logically surveys the Pakistan's choice to join 1979 Afghan war and assessed how it profited financial and barrier states of Pakistan. All the while, the article exhibits how this Afghan war postured grave dangers to security (inside and additionally outer) of the nation because of outsiders surge that came about not just in complicated situation regarding the economy, governmental issues, and society yet in addition delivered organic challenges. Afghan refugees caused deforestation for their food, battered soil, propped up Kalashnikov culture, illegal drug trade, and other infinite law and order troubles. However, Pakistan had no better option except to take part in the Afghan war.

scholarly journals On Some Criminological Parameters of Ensuring Anti-Drug Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-233
Author(s):  
Tatyana Sudakova ◽  
Maria Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Drug Trade ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Current State ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Specific Meaning ◽  
Legal Difficulties

The current state strategy of national security enumerates some crucial directions of its implementation. Illegal drug trade, when carried out by criminal organizations and groups in most dangerous forms, is identified by legislators as a separate problem among the threats to national security. Thus, the anti-drug security today acquires a specific meaning and significance within the context of determining its vital indicators and criteria of effectiveness to ensure the protection and sustainable development of society. The understanding of anti-drug security is connected with a complex of consolidated legal, political, information, socio-economic and other measures aimed at further development and implementation of the state policy of counteracting the activities of criminal organizations and groups connected with illegal drug trade with the goal of ensuring national interests and strategic national priorities. One of the criteria of the effectiveness of anti-drug security measures is the implementation of the policy of counteracting illegal drug trade and other forms of illegal trafficking carried out in a group. The official information on the effectiveness of such policy shows that there are no serious results in this sphere. These conclusions are based on the stable average statistical domination of persons convicted for illegal operations with drugs without the goal of selling (over 70 % of all persons convicted for drug crimes) among all those convicted for such operations. This indicator has been increasing year-on-year practically during the whole past decade. The specific weight of persons convicted for collective crimes has traditionally been insignificant in the structure of all illegal drug trade and does not exceed 8–9 % of all drug-related crime. These statistical facts are totally in discord with the priorities outlined in the policy of counteracting illegal drug trade. The causes of statistical dominance of such indicators are connected with the organizational and legal difficulties in the work of the law enforcement system, which is supported by the statistical and specific sociological methods used in the research of the regional specifics of these processes.

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