Nearly half of US pediatric trials are unfinished or unpublished, study finds

BMJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. i4358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Unpublished Study

Cytomembrane Preservation in Tissue Dehydrated Only With Glutaraldehyde and Epon 812 Resin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Pease
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Unpublished Study ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sectioned Material

A previous study demonstrated that tissue could be successfully infiltrated with 50% glutaraldehyde, and then subsequently polymerized with urea to create an embedment which retained cytomembrane lipids in sectioned material. As a result, the 180-190 Å periodicity characteristic of fresh, mammalian myelin was preserved in sections, as was a brilliant birefringence, and the capacity to bind OsO4 vapor in the hydrophobic bilayers. An associated (unpublished) study, carried out in co-operation with Drs. C.K. Akers and D.F. Parsons, demonstrated that the high concentration of glutaraldehyde (and urea) did not significantly alter the X-ray diffraction pattern of aldehyde-fixed, myelin. Thus, by itself, 50% glutaraldehyde has little effect upon cytomembrane systems and can be used with confidence for the first stages of dehydration.

Credibility and Incredulity in Milgram’s Obedience Experiments: A Reanalysis of an Unpublished Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-106
Author(s):  
Gina Perry ◽  
Augustine Brannigan ◽  
Richard A. Wanner ◽  
Henderikus Stam
Keyword(s):  
Shock Level ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Behavioral Consequences ◽  
Unpublished Study ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Electric Shocks ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

This article analyzes variations in subject perceptions of pain in Milgram’s obedience experiments and their behavioral consequences. Based on an unpublished study by Milgram’s assistant, Taketo Murata, we report the relationship between the subjects’ belief that the learner was actually receiving painful electric shocks and their choice of shock level. This archival material indicates that in 18 of 23 variations of the experiment, the mean levels of shock for those who fully believed that they were inflicting pain were lower than for subjects who did not fully believe they were inflicting pain. These data suggest that the perception of pain inflated subject defiance and that subject skepticism inflated their obedience. This analysis revises our perception of the classical interpretation of the experiment and its putative relevance to the explanation of state atrocities, such as the Holocaust. It also raises the issue of dramaturgical credibility in experiments based on deception. The findings are discussed in the context of methodological questions about the reliability of Milgram’s questionnaire data and their broader theoretical relevance.

The countering of overgeneralization

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE J. HOWE
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Unpublished Study ◽  
Form Class

Commenting on Goldberg's (1995) ‘construction grammar’, Tomasello (1998) proposes a model of language acquisition in which children move from highly specific utterance–event pairings to abstract, verb-general structures. Despite their many strengths, models of this kind predict considerably more overgeneralization of the argument structures of verbs than seems to occur. In recognition of this, the paper explains (and supports with data from a previously unpublished study of 44 children aged 2;0 to 4;4) how processes which are side effects of the emergence of the verb form class could counter the overgeneralizing tendencies. It is argued that these processes are consistent not just with the model proposed by Tomasello but also (in large part) with the grammatical theory developed by Goldberg.

scholarly journals Living In/difference; or, How to Imagine Ambivalent Networks

Qui Parle ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-118
Author(s):  
Carina Albrecht ◽  
Wendy Hui Kyong Chun ◽  
Laura Kurgan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Network Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Housing Project ◽  
Unpublished Study ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Echo Chambers ◽  
Complex Picture

Abstract In a 1954 essay Paul Lazarsfeld and Robert K. Merton coined the term homophily to describe similarity-based friendship. They based their findings on friendship patterns among neighbors in a biracial housing project in the United States, using a combined quantitative and qualitative, empirical and speculative analysis of social processes. Since then homophily has become a guiding principle for network science: it is simply presumed that similarity breeds connection. But the unpublished study by Merton, Patricia S. West, and Marie Jahoda, which grounds Lazarsfeld and Merton’s analysis, and the Merton and Bureau of Applied Social Research’s archive reveal a more complex picture. This article engages with the data traces in the archive to reimagine what enabled the residents of the studied housing project to live in difference, as neighbors. The reanimation of this archive reveals the often counterintuitive characteristic of our imagined networks: they are about removal, not addition. It also opens up new imagined possibilities for a digital future beyond the hatred of the different and online echo chambers.

The Indians Have Many Terms for It

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
Sven Liljeblad ◽  
Arthur Frank ◽  
Charlotte Cleeland
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Unpublished Study ◽  
Cultural Variables

This report follows by 23 years correspondence between Wendell Johnson and Sven Liljeblad in which Liljeblad pointed out that among North American "nonstuttering" Indians there were Indians who stuttered, fie also reported several terms that referred to stuttering. An unpublished study reported by Frank confirmed Liljeblad's claims. Since we must rely on published reports, it is important to get these findings into print for future scholars. Though these findings in no way refute the claimed importance of linguistics and cultural variables as contributing to the development of stuttering, they do call to question evidence supporting the view that stuttering is a diagnosogenic disorder. Historical and sosciological issues related to these contradictory findings are similar to those discussed by Freeman.

scholarly journals Genocide and the Hispanic-American Dilemma

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-152
Author(s):  
Eitan Ginzberg
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Hispanic American ◽  
Unpublished Study ◽  
American Dilemma ◽  
Historical Reliability ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
American Colonialism

The reasoning behind Hispanic-American colonization was that the indigenous people were rational vassals, who could be embraced by Christianity, and must, therefore, be protected and well-treated, though judiciously recruited to serve the interests of the Spanish Empire. Eyewitnesses and studies conducted on the Indian issue since the early sixteenth century found that the preservation-exploitation policy gradually became extremely destructive. Raphael Lemkin, in an unpublished study on Hispanic-American colonialism, was the first to call its damaging consequences genocide. The objective of this article is to explore the historical reliability of Lemkin’s controversial claim, and how it might tally with the Spanish Crown’s manifested caring approach toward the Indians. The study is based on a broad range of documents, many of them personal and unpublished until recently, making these sources highly reliable. We believe that the research will shed light on the historical dilemma of Hispanic-American colonization.

On the Operating Tightness of B16.5 Flanged Joints

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Payne ◽  
Robert S. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Leak Rate ◽  
Bolted Joint ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Unpublished Study

The operating leak rate and tightness of a range of ASME B16.5 flanged joints [1] are calculated and compared for several gasket types, service categories and assembly methods. The methodology used includes proposed tightness based gasket constants and application of the basic principles of proposed new ASME rules for design bolt loads. It is straightforward and will be useful to those tasked with bolted joint tightness evaluations. The margin of bolt load available for joint relaxation is also examined. It is found that for modern graphite based gaskets, properly assembled joints have adequate tightness. PTFE based gaskets were not included in this study. This paper updates a similar but unpublished study presented several years ago.

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