Intimate partner violence is just one element of “intimate terrorism”

Researchers in the field of intimate partner violence (IPV) are paying increasing levels of attention to the notion that members of aggressive and violent relationships cannot always be dichotomized as innocent victims versus blameworthy perpetrators; nonetheless, no research has documented characteristics of IPV victims that may predict their use of abusive and aggressive behaviors in response to their partners’ IPV. This study fills this gap and is unique because it uses a sample of 302 men who sustained intimate terrorism from their female partners and sought help. Results showed that victims who used physical IPV, in comparison with victims who did not, were younger and were more likely to abuse alcohol. In addition, in comparison with victims who used minor physical IPV, victims who used severe physical IPV were more likely to use—and use more frequently—other forms of IPV, and they were more likely to be substance abusers. Results are discussed in terms of possible theoretical implications, directions for future research, and practice implications.

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A Multiplicative Approach to Polyvictimization: A Study of Intimate Partner Violence Types as Risk Factors for Child Polyvictimization in South Korea

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16050783 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 783 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Clifton Emery ◽

Hyerin Yang ◽

Oksoo Kim ◽

Yoonjeong Ko

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

South Korea ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Traditional Measure ◽

Intimate Terrorism ◽

Abuse And Neglect ◽

Multiplicative Relationship ◽

The Relationship

Drawing on a new typology of intimate partner violence (IPV), this paper tests the relationship between indicators of totalitarian and anarchic IPV and child polyvictimization incidence and severity. The paper argues for and utilizes a quantitative approach to study polyvictimization severity. Polyvictimization is operationalized as a multiplicative relationship between physical abuse and neglect in a random sample of 204 children from Kyunggi province, South Korea. The indicator of totalitarian IPV significantly predicted polyvictimization severity and incidence even when a traditional measure of intimate terrorism was held constant. The indicator of anarchic IPV significantly predicted polyvictimization severity but not incidence when a traditional measure of intimate terrorism was held constant. Implications are discussed.

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A Mixed Method Study of Intimate Partner Violence: How Sex and Severity Impact Perpetrator Prior Involvement, Abnormality, and Responsibility

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-16-00100 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 897-918 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matthew W. Savage ◽

Jennifer A. Scarduzio ◽

Kate Lockwood Harris ◽

Kellie E. Carlyle

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Attribution Theory ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Intimate Terrorism ◽

Male Perpetrators ◽

Female Perpetrators ◽

Defensive Attribution Theory ◽

Method Approach

This study employed a mixed method approach to examine the effects of participant sex, perpetrator sex, and severity of violence on perceptions of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators. Quantitative participants (n = 449) completed a survey and qualitative participants (n = 31) participated in a focus group or an interview. Participants believed that it was more likely male perpetrators had prior involvement in IPV. Participants rated stories of female perpetrators as more abnormal than stories of male perpetrators. Participants in the weak severity of violence condition had lower evaluations of responsibility than the strong or fatal severity of violence conditions and only women were discerning about perpetrator sex in their ratings of responsibility. Theoretical implications extend intimate terrorism and defensive attribution theory.

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Intimate Partner Violence Among Married Male U.S. Army Soldiers: Ethnicity as a Factor in Self-Reported Perpetration and Victimization

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/vivi.17.5.607.33716 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 607-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Leora N. Rosen ◽

Angela Moore Parmley ◽

Kathryn H. Knudson ◽

Peggy Fancher

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Intimate Terrorism ◽

Study Results ◽

Couple Violence ◽

Common Couple Violence ◽

Army Soldiers ◽

Married Male

Correlates of self-reported intimate partner violence (IPV) were examined among 488 married male U.S. Army soldiers. Study results were examined within the framework of Johnson’s (1995) typology, which proposes that there are two main types of IPV, common couple violence and intimate terrorism. We predicted that poor marital adjustment would be associated with minor violence, hypothesized to be indicative of common couple violence. We also predicted that psychological and behavioral characteristics associated with perpetrators of IPV would be more strongly correlated with severe inflicted aggression—a pattern hypothesized to be indicative of intimate terrorism. The results, based on a multivariate analysis of covariance, generally supported our hypotheses. Furthermore, the higher levels of IPV reported by Black respondents in this study were associated with the pattern hypothesized to be characteristic of common couple violence.

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Patterns of intimate partner violence against women in Europe: prevalence and associated risk factors

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2020-214987 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jech-2020-214987

Author(s):

Zuzana Podaná

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Coercive Control ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Intimate Terrorism

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex phenomenon and some research suggests that there are qualitatively distinct IPV types. However, little is known about the risk factors associated with different IPV types.MethodsData from Violence against women: an European Union (EU)-wide survey, conducted by the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights was used. Latent class analysis (LCA) was employed to identify distinct IPV patterns based on the intensity of eight forms of violence by current partners (n=30 675). Multilevel multinomial logistic regression was used to examine individual and country-level risk factors associated with the outcome IPV patterns.ResultsA five-class solution was selected based on the LCA results. Two classes encompassed severe coercive IPV: the intimate terrorism class (1.5%) also comprised extensive physical violence whereas the high coercive control class (2.0%) did not. The partner’s alcohol abuse, violent behaviour outside the relationship and the woman’s abuse in childhood were the main individual factors positively associated with IPV. The country’s gender equality levels were negatively associated with the odds of experiencing intimate terrorism (adjusted OR, aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.56) and high coercive control (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.85) versus no IPV. Although the effects of most individual risk factors were found universally for all IPV patterns, the strongest associations were typically revealed for the intimate terrorism pattern.ConclusionThe results support the importance of coercive control as a factor differentiating between IPV types and also highlight the need to consider IPV typologies in research. Policy implications of the findings are discussed.

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An Empirical Test of Johnson's Typology of Intimate Partner Violence in Two Samples of Men

Partner Abuse ◽

10.1891/1946-6560.10.2.180 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 180-198

Author(s):

Denise A. Hines ◽

Emily M. Douglas

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Empirical Test ◽

Population Based ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Male Victims ◽

Intimate Terrorism ◽

Couple Violence ◽

Two Samples ◽

Situational Couple Violence

Johnson's typology of intimate partner violence (IPV) postulates four types: intimate terrorism (IT), situational couple violence (SCV), violent resistance (VR), and mutual violent control (MVC). Johnson asserts that IT (i.e., severe violence is part of the perpetrator's use of coercive control and power) is primarily perpetrated by men and can be solely explained by patriarchal theory and MVC is rare. These assertions are based on results from samples that included data only on women and victimization. This study tests Johnson's typology using a population-based sample of men and a sample of male IPV victims. Results showed that women were the primary perpetrators of IT, while men primarily used VR. SCV was more common in the population-based sample than in the male victims sample. MVC was just as common as IT in the population-based sample, while IT was more common than MVC in the male victims sample. We compare our results with Johnson's and discuss issues of sampling biases and the need for more complex underlying theories.

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