scholarly journals Effects of economic crises on population health outcomes in Latin America, 1981–2010: an ecological study

BMJ Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e007546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Callum Williams ◽  
Barnabas James Gilbert ◽  
Thomas Zeltner ◽  
Johnathan Watkins ◽  
Rifat Atun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Economic Crises

scholarly journals Association between informal employment and mortality rate by welfare regime in Latin America and the Caribbean: an ecological study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e044920
Author(s):  
Michael Silva-Peñaherrera ◽  
María López-Ruiz ◽  
Pamela Merino-Salazar ◽  
Antonio Ramon Gomez Garcia ◽  
Fernando G Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
State Regime ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Welfare State Regimes

ObjectiveWe aimed to estimate the association between informal employment and mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) by comparing welfare state regimes.DesignEcological study using time-series cross-sectional analysis of countries. Informality was estimated from household surveys by the Center for Distributive, Labor and Social Studies in collaboration with the World Bank, and the adult mortality rates for 2000–2016 were obtained from the WHO databases. Countries were grouped by welfare state regimes: state productivist, state protectionist and familialist. We calculated the compound annual growth rate for each country and performed linear regression between the informality and the adult mortality rates stratified by sex and welfare state regime.SettingSeventeen countries from LAC with available data on informality and adult mortality rates for 2000–2016.Primary outcome measureThe association between informality and mortality by welfare state regime.ResultsBetween 2000 and 2016, mortality rates decreased an average 1.3% per year and informal employment rates 0.5% per year. We found a significant positive association between informality and mortality rates (women: R2=0.48; men: R2=0.36). The association was stronger among the state regime countries (women: R2=0.58; men: R2=0.77), with no significant association among the familialist countries.ConclusionInformal employment negatively impacts population health, which is modified by welfare state regimes. Addressing informal employment could be an effective way to improve population health in LAC. However, linkage with public health and labour market agendas will be necessary.

Trends in Relative Inequalities in Measures of Favorable and Adverse Population Health Outcomes

Epidemiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. e23-e24
Author(s):  
Ramal Moonesinghe ◽  
Ana Penman-Aguilar ◽  
Gloria L. A. Beckles
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Population Health

Translation Research in Practice: An Introduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marita Titler
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Translation Research ◽  
Introductory Overview ◽  
Improve Patient

Translation science is a relatively young area of investigation that is rapidly growing. Although a number of healthcare practices have an evidence-base to guide care delivery, their use is not a part of routine practice. The gap between the availability of evidence-based practice (EBP) recommendations and application to improve patient care and population health is linked to poor health outcomes. Translation science, also known as implementation science, is testing implementation interventions to improve uptake and use of evidence to improve patient outcomes and population health. It also helps clarify what implementation strategies work for whom, in what settings, and why. This scientific field emerged to investigate which implementation strategies work to promote use of EBPs, and uncover the mechanisms by which they work. Advancements in translation science can expedite and sustain the successful integration of evidence in practice to improve care delivery, population health, and health outcomes. This article offers an introductory overview of translation science and addresses issues in this field of science such as variation in terminology; theories and models; implementation strategies; and context and implementation related to EBPs.

scholarly journals How much evidence is there that political factors are related to population health outcomes? An internationally comparative systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e020886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Barnish ◽  
Michelle Tørnes ◽  
Becky Nelson-Horne
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Previous Systematic Review ◽  
Political Tradition

ObjectivesTo provide a 7-year update of the most recent systematic review about the relationships between political features and population health outcomes.SettingInternationally comparative scholarly literature.Data sourcesTen scholarly bibliographic databases plus supplementary searches in bibliographies and Google Scholar were used to update a previous systematic review. The final search was conducted in November 2017.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAny population health outcome measure, apart from healthcare spending.Results73 unique publications were identified from the previous systematic review. The database searches to update the literature identified 45 356 raw records with 35 207 remaining following de-duplication. 55 publications were identified from supplementary searches. In total, 258 publications proceeded to full-text review and 176 were included in narrative synthesis. 85 studies were assessed at low risk of bias, 89 at moderate risk of bias and none at high risk of bias. Assessment could not be conducted for two studies that had only book chapters. No meta-analysis was conducted. 102 studies assessed welfare state generosity and 79 found a positive association. Of the 17 studies that assessed political tradition, 15 were found to show a positive association with the left-of-centre tradition. 44 studies assessed democracy and 34 found a positive association. 28 studies assessed globalisation and 14 found a negative association, while seven were positive and seven inconclusive.ConclusionsThis review concludes that welfare state generosity, left-of-centre democratic political tradition and democracy are generally positively associated with population health. Globalisation may be negatively associated with population health, but the results are less conclusive. It is important for the academic public health community to engage with the political evidence base in its research as well as in stakeholder engagement, in order to facilitate positive outcomes for population health.

Crisis in the Eye of the Beholder

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigore Pop-Eleches
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Partisan Politics ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
International Environment ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
International Monetary Fund Program

This article analyzes the interaction between economic crises and partisan politics during International Monetary Fund program initiation in Latin America in the 1980s and Eastern Europe in the 1990s. The author argues that economic crises are at least in part in the eye of the beholder, and therefore policy responses reflect the interaction between crisis intensity and the government's partisan interpretation of the crisis, which in turn depends on the nature of the economic crisis and its broader regional and international environment. Using cross-country statistical evidence from the two regions, the article shows that certain types of crises, such as liquidity shortfalls, elicit similar responses across the ideological spectrum and regional contexts. By contrast, debt repayment and domestic crises are more prone to divergent ideological interpretations, but the extent of partisan divergence is context sensitive in that it occurred during the Latin American debt crisis but not in the post-communist transition.

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