Association between informal employment and mortality rate by welfare regime in Latin America and the Caribbean: an ecological study

ObjectiveWe aimed to estimate the association between informal employment and mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) by comparing welfare state regimes.DesignEcological study using time-series cross-sectional analysis of countries. Informality was estimated from household surveys by the Center for Distributive, Labor and Social Studies in collaboration with the World Bank, and the adult mortality rates for 2000–2016 were obtained from the WHO databases. Countries were grouped by welfare state regimes: state productivist, state protectionist and familialist. We calculated the compound annual growth rate for each country and performed linear regression between the informality and the adult mortality rates stratified by sex and welfare state regime.SettingSeventeen countries from LAC with available data on informality and adult mortality rates for 2000–2016.Primary outcome measureThe association between informality and mortality by welfare state regime.ResultsBetween 2000 and 2016, mortality rates decreased an average 1.3% per year and informal employment rates 0.5% per year. We found a significant positive association between informality and mortality rates (women: R2=0.48; men: R2=0.36). The association was stronger among the state regime countries (women: R2=0.58; men: R2=0.77), with no significant association among the familialist countries.ConclusionInformal employment negatively impacts population health, which is modified by welfare state regimes. Addressing informal employment could be an effective way to improve population health in LAC. However, linkage with public health and labour market agendas will be necessary.

Download Full-text

Effects of economic crises on population health outcomes in Latin America, 1981–2010: an ecological study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007546 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e007546 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Callum Williams ◽

Barnabas James Gilbert ◽

Thomas Zeltner ◽

Johnathan Watkins ◽

Rifat Atun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Population Health ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Economic Crises

Download Full-text

Health Status and the Worlds of Welfare

Social Policy and Society ◽

10.1017/s1474746405002721 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 53-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Clare Bambra

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Welfare State ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Basic Principle ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Welfare States ◽

Welfare State Regimes ◽

The Welfare State

One of the most substantial additions made by the ‘three worlds of welfare’ thesis to the welfare state modelling business is that comparisons should examine what welfare states actually do rather than how much they are afforded or which services they provide. This paper extends this basic principle by comparing the health outcomes (measured in terms of infant mortality rates) of welfare states and welfare state regimes. It examines whether there are significant differences in health status between the ‘three worlds of welfare’ and to what extent a relationship exists between health and decommodification. It concludes by reflecting upon the implications for the ‘three worlds of welfare’.

Download Full-text

Adult Mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean

International Handbook of Adult Mortality - International Handbooks of Population ◽

10.1007/978-90-481-9996-9_5 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 101-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Alberto Palloni ◽

Guido Pinto-Aguirre

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Adult Mortality ◽

The Caribbean

Download Full-text

Welfare State Regime Life Courses: The Development of Western European Welfare State Regimes and Age-Related Patterns of Educational Inequalities in Self-Reported Health

International Journal of Health Services ◽

10.2190/hs.40.3.b ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 399-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Clare Bambra ◽

Gopalakrishnan Netuveli ◽

Terje A. Eikemo

Keyword(s):

Welfare State ◽

Health Inequalities ◽

Age Groups ◽

Educational Inequalities ◽

Inequalities In Health ◽

Age Related ◽

State Regime ◽

Reported Health ◽

Life Courses ◽

Welfare State Regimes

This article uses data from three waves of the European Social Survey (2002, 2004, 2006) to compare educational inequalities in self-reported health (good vs. bad) and limiting longstanding illness in six age groups based on decade of birth (1930s–1980s) in 17 countries, categorized into four welfare state regimes (Anglo-Saxon, Bismarckian, Scandinavian, Southern). The authors hypothesized that health inequalities in these age groups would vary because of their different welfare state experiences—welfare state regime life courses—both temporally, in terms of different phases of welfare state development (inequalities smaller among older people), and spatially, in terms of welfare state regime type (inequalities smaller among older Scandinavians). The findings are that inequalities in health tended to increase, not decrease, with age. Similarly, inequalities in health were not smallest in the Scandinavian regime or among the older Scandinavian cohorts. In keeping with the rest of the literature, the Bismarckian and Southern regimes had smaller educational inequalities in health. Longitudinal analysis that integrates wider public health factors or makes smaller comparisons may be a more productive way of analyzing cross-national variations in health inequalities and their relationship to welfare state life courses.

Download Full-text

Welfare State Development in Latin America and the Caribbean (1970s–2000s): Multidimensional Welfare Index, Its Methodology and Results

Social Indicators Research ◽

10.1007/s11205-013-0549-7 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 119 (3) ◽

pp. 1295-1317 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gibrán Cruz-Martínez

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Welfare State ◽

State Development ◽

Multidimensional Welfare ◽

Welfare State Development ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Welfare Index

Download Full-text

Welfare State Regime Life Courses: The Development of Western European Welfare State Regimes and Age-Related Patterns of Educational Inequalities in Self-Reported Health

The Financial and Economic Crises and Their Impact on Health and Social Well-Being ◽

10.4324/9781315226927-23 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 322-342

Keyword(s):

Welfare State ◽

Educational Inequalities ◽

European Welfare State ◽

Age Related ◽

State Regime ◽

Reported Health ◽

Western European ◽

Life Courses ◽

Welfare State Regimes

Download Full-text

Unemployment Benefits: Discursive Convergence, Distant Realities

Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_13 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 389-417

Author(s):

Antonio Martín-Artiles ◽

Vincenzo Fortunato ◽

Eduardo Chávez-Molina

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Welfare State ◽

Lifelong Learning ◽

Institutional Context ◽

Informal Employment ◽

Unemployment Benefits ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Poverty Risk ◽

Protection Systems ◽

Learning Flexibility

AbstractUnemployment protection systems have certain characteristics in common in Argentina, Uruguay, Spain and Italy: they are compulsory and contributory-proportional, although in Uruguay, it also has a capitalisation supplement. Despite the similarities, they work differently because the context of informal employment chiefly, and unemployment, low salaries and precariousness differ greatly. Consequently, the unemployment protection coverage rate varies. Theories of the Active Welfare State, the Investor State and the reforms of unemployment protection systems have led to a certain modernising language being adopted in these countries: activation, employability, conditionality, lifelong learning, flexibility, which are, among others, words shared with Europe.However, the meanings of these words differ according to the institutional context of each country. In Latin America the welfare state is low institutionalised even almost non-existent, while in Europe it is a diverse institution. Despite this, the four countries share an upward trend in benefit policies, in accordance with the increase in poverty risk.

Download Full-text

Welfare State Regimes and Caseworkers’ Problem Explanation

Administration & Society ◽

10.1177/0095399717700224 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (9) ◽

pp. 1425-1454 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Marie Østergaard Møller ◽

Helena Olofsdotter Stensöta

Keyword(s):

Welfare State ◽

Regime Type ◽

Structural Problem ◽

Frontline Workers ◽

The Poor ◽

Depth Study ◽

Individual Client ◽

State Regime ◽

The Individual ◽

Welfare State Regimes

In frontline bureaucracy research, the dominant view holds that frontline workers resist managerial pressure to “blame the poor” by bending the rules based on moral considerations, a practice labeled “citizen agency.” We suggest that frontline responses to managerial pressure are filtered through welfare state regime type. Based on in-depth study of caseworker reasoning in Sweden and Denmark, we find a “structural problem explanation” that sees reasons for clients seeking support as rooted in the structures of society—not in the individual client. We find and present two narratives hitherto not problematized in frontline bureaucracy research: the “statesperson” and the “professional.”

Download Full-text

Welfare-state regimes and gender division of housework time in three conurbations

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy ◽

10.1108/ijssp-03-2018-0041 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (11/12) ◽

pp. 956-972

Author(s):

Arnaud Dupray ◽

Anne-Marie Daune-Richard ◽

Hiroatsu Nohara

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Welfare State ◽

Time Allocation ◽

Time Budget ◽

Gender Ideology ◽

Occupational Activity ◽

Content Type ◽

Housework Time ◽

State Regime ◽

Welfare State Regimes

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the patterns and determinants of the division of household tasks within couples in countries under different welfare-state regimes. Design/methodology/approach The paper investigates data on “urban middle- and upper-class” couples living in New York, Paris or Tokyo area, from a 2007 international comparative time-budget survey carried out at the initiative of the Rengo-Soken Research Institute. Each partner was interviewed separately, offering a unique statistical source for analysing the organisation of domestic time. Findings The results shed light on the degree of proximity among the three populations in their housework-sharing arrangements. Greater parity in partners’ housework time is found for the New York couples, regardless of their occupational activity. In Paris and especially in Tokyo, other demands on the partners’ time and the contribution each makes to the household income both impact the actual division of household labour. Research limitations/implications The partners’ gender ideology was not elicited, and inclusion of lower-class couples could change certain results. However, the findings attest to the strong role that welfare-state regime plays in shaping housework time allocation. Originality/value Unlike other international comparisons, the survey used enables us to ensure strong comparability of measures. The welfare-state regime and family model frameworks clearly highlight the interplay between individual determinants and the institutional context.

Download Full-text