Pragmatic Function Shifts in the Translation of WH Questions in “500 Days of Summer”

<p>The author is analyzing and conducting a translation research in interrogative utterances from the film "500 Days of Summer" especially WH questions, because WH questions not only contain information at the surface structure, but also pragmatic functions within them. This study is being carried out in order to help the writer and readers understand interrogative sentences more clearly. This research is conducted under Translational research using a descriptive qualitative method. The analysis applies the theory of Nida &amp; Taber’s translation theory, Newmark’s translation theory, Mona Baker’s translation techniques theory, Marcella Frank’s interrogative sentences theory and Nababan, Nuraeni &amp; Sumardiono’s translation quality assessment theory.</p>The scope of this research is a translational analysis of a film subtitle. This research focuses on the translation of interrogative utterances in the form of WH questions in the film "500 Days of Summer" specifically character dialogues. This research intends to investigate the pragmatic function of the utterances on the target language, as well as the pragmatic differences that may exist between the source and target languages, as well as the translator's translation techniques, including their impact on translation quality.

Wave-based optical coherence elastography: the 10-year perspective

After ten years of progress and innovation, optical coherence elastography (OCE) based on the propagation of mechanical waves has become one of the major and, perhaps, one of the most studied OCE branches, producing a fundamental impact in the quantitative and nondestructive biomechanical characterization of tissues. Preceding previous progress made in ultrasound and magnetic resonance elastography; wave-based OCE has pushed to the limit the advance of three major pillars: (1) implementation of novel wave excitation methods in tissues, (2) understanding new types of mechanical waves in complex boundary conditions by proposing advance analytical and numerical models, and (3) the development of novel estimators capable of retrieving quantitative 2D/3D biomechanical information of tissues. This remarkable progress promoted a major advance in answering basic science questions and improving medical disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring in several types of tissues leading, ultimately, to the first attempts of clinical trials and translational research. This paper summarizes the fundamental up-to-date principles and categories of wave-based OCE, revises the timeline and the state-of-the-art techniques and applications lying in those categories, and concludes with a discussion of current challenges and future directions, including clinical translation research.

СТАН СУЧАСНОГО ПЕРЕКЛАДОЗНАВСТВА У СЛОВАЧЧИНІ

The article reveals the main achievements of the modern Slovak school of translation studies in the fi elds of theory, history, criticism and didactics of translation. In today’s Slovakia translation research is concentrated in four academic centres: the Slovak Academy of Arts and Sciences in Bratislava as well as the Universities of Banska Bystrica, Nitra and Presov. Slovak researchers are developing a number of partial theories of translation, including the theory of audiovisual translation and the theory of translation competencies. Interestingly, machine translation is also well-studied, although the topic might be neglected as the number of Slovak speakers is not so numerous. Researchers are very active in studying the history of translation, especially in the fi eld of biography studies. History studies apply the methodology of sociological research which help to evaluate the reception of foreign literatures in various perspectives. On the basis of judging books in translation, translation criticism does not seem to be very popular as a research topic, although the publication of the specialized journal “Kritika prekladu” will defi nitely stimulate this domain. Ukrainian studies in Slovakia – including the domain of translation studies – also have a strong position due to the scholars of Prešov University. This can be explained by long and fruitful academic traditions of the Ukrainian autochthonous community. Within the last decade, the researchers of Ukrainian background also contributed to translation studies in the areas of the cultural theory of translation and court interpreting and translation. Although there are a number of books in translation, publishing eff orts have some problems as well, i. e. the small volume of monographic editions, which sometimes resemble a lengthy article rather than a book. The books are published not only in print, but also in electronic format and online which will facilitate the availability of these publications to much wider readership. Key words: Slovakia, translation theory, translation history, audiovisual translation, Ukrainian studies.

Analysis of Edit Operations for Post-editing Systems

Post-editing has become an important part not only of translation research but also in the global translation industry. While computer-aided translation tools, such as translation memories, are considered to be part of a translator's work, lately, machine translation (MT) systems have also been accepted by human translators. However, many human translators are still adopting the changes brought by translation technologies to the translation industry. This paper introduces a novel approach for seeking suitable pairs of n-grams when recommending n-grams (corresponding n-grams between MT and post-edited MT) based on the type of text (manual or administrative) and MT system used for machine translation. A tool that recommends and speeds up the correction of MT was developed to help the post-editors with their work. It is based on the analysis of words with the same lemmas and analysis of n-gram recommendations. These recommendations are extracted from sequence patterns of the mismatched words (MisMatch) between MT output and post-edited MT output. The paper aims to show the usage of morphological analysis for recommending the post-edit operations. It describes the usage of mismatched words in the n-gram recommendations for the post-edited MT output. The contribution consists of the methodology for seeking suitable pairs of words, n-grams and additionally the importance of taking into account metadata (the type of the text and/or style and MT system) when recommending post-edited operations.

Towards a methodological toolset for the psycholinguistics of translation

The manuscript provides readers with a basic methodological toolset for experimental psycholinguistic studies on translation. Following a description of key methodological concepts and the rationale behind experimental designs in psycholinguistics, we discuss experimental paradigms adopted from bilingualism research, which potentially constitute a methodological foundation for studies investigating the psycholinguistics of translation. Specifically, we show that priming paradigms possess several inherent advantages which make them particularly suitable for research on translation. The manuscript critically discusses key methodological problems associated with such paradigms and illustrates the opportunities they may offer for translation research, concludes with a review of past and current translation process research highlighting ways in which these can contribute to the issues raised by cross-linguistic priming studies.

„EIN MONOLOG DES FÜRSTEN MYSCHKIN1“ (NACH FEDOR DOSTOEVSKIJS ROMAN IDIOT) VON INGEBORG BACHMANN UND SEINE ÜBERTRAGUNGEN INS RUSSISCHE: ASPEKTE DER ÜBERSETZUNGSFORSCHUNG

The paper analyzes three translations of a fragment of Ingeborg Bachmann’s libretto for Hans Werner Henze’s ballet, The Idiot. Bachmann’s libretto is based on Dostoevsky’s novel, but it also expresses crucial themes of her own poetry, which is underlined by the fact that the text was integrated into her book of poems, Invocation of the Great Bear. Following the transfer-oriented approach of the Göttingen School of translation research, first, the semantic structure of the source text is examined, after which, the target texts are analyzed with regard to significant deviations, which are then explained against the backgrounds of literary, cultural and social-political history. The fact that Bachmann’s text refers back to Dostoevsky’s novel plays a not inconsiderable role in the choice of texts to be translated.

Visually Impaired Novice Translators in Using Translation Techniques

Background: This study aims to determine the translation techniques used by visually impaired translators in translating popular scientific texts. Visually impaired translators were used as the subjects of this study because when compared to sighted translators, visually impaired translators had a different way of doing translation activities. The difference in this performance is influenced using text-to-speech tools they use. Apparently, this phenomenon has not been discussed by various specialized translation research previously and by involving blind translators as research subjects directly, translation techniques can be expected to be identified naturally. Methodology: Using popular scientific texts in the field of psychology, two visually impaired translators were assigned to translate 24 sentences in a translation experiment. To analyze the data that was collected, the researchers used analytical techniques consisting of a domain, taxonomy, and componential analysis. Findings: Since they are too dependent on text-to-speech aids, visually impaired translators use a lot of literal and discursive creation translation techniques. The appearance of these two techniques in their translation implies that the resulting translation cannot match the context of the sentence. This happens because text-to-speech applies word-for-word reading. Conclusion: It is important for visually impaired translators to understand the weaknesses of their translation. Translators should minimize the use of literal and discursive creation translation techniques when translating popular scientific texts. One way is to improve their translation competence.

Russian ethnopsycholinguistics and its implications for translation research

The article presents the sources of communicative models of translation, founded on the results of enthnopsycholinguistic contrastive research conducted by the Department of Psycholinguistics and Communication Theory of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (later: Russian Academy of Sciences). It focuses on the description of the relations within the triads of language-ethnos-culture or language-consciousness-culture. The problems raised by ethnopsycholinguists from the point of view of translation include lacunae and linguistic awareness of the participants of communication, including bilingual communication.