scholarly journals Effect of an educational leaflet on the frequency of seat belt use and the rate of motor vehicle accidents during pregnancy in Japan in 2018: a prospective, non-randomised control trial with a questionnaire survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e031839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Morikawa ◽  
Takashi Yamada ◽  
Hiromasa Kogo ◽  
Masaki Sugawara ◽  
Akira Nishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Seat Belt Use

ObjectiveTo determine whether an educational leaflet had any effect on seat belt use, seat preference and motor vehicle accidents rate during pregnancy in Japan.DesignProspective, non-randomised control trial with a questionnaire survey.SettingEight obstetric hospitals in Sapporo, Japan.Participants2216 pregnant women, of whom 1105 received the leaflet (intervention group) and 1111 did not (control group).InterventionsDistribution of an educational leaflet on seat belt use to women in the intervention group.Primary outcome measuresThe effect of an educational leaflet on seat belt use, each pregnant woman’s seat preference and the women’s rates of motor vehicle accidents rate during their pregnancies. To evaluate the effects, the intervention group’s responses to the questionnaires were compared with those of the control group.ResultsThe proportion of subjects who always used seat belts during pregnancy was significantly higher in the intervention group (91.3%) than in the control group (86.7%; p=0.0005). Among all subjects, the percentage of women who preferred the driver’s seat was lower during pregnancy (27.0%) than before pregnancy (38.7%), and the percentage of women who preferred the rear seat was higher during pregnancy (28.8%) than before pregnancy (21.0%). These two rates did not differ between two groups. Seventy-one women (3.2%) reported experiencing a motor vehicle accident during pregnancy. The motor vehicle accident rate for the intervention group (3.3%) was similar to that for the control group (3.2%).ConclusionsAn educational seat belt leaflet was effective in raising the rate of consistent seat belt use during pregnancy, but it did not decrease the rate of motor vehicle accidents. The wearing of seat belts should be promoted more extensively among pregnant women to decrease rates of pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality from motor vehicle accidents.

Driving habits – A Canadian study

Trauma ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Shayesteh Jahanfar
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Seat Belts ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Seat Belt Use ◽  
The Times

Introduction Motor vehicle accidents are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Safe driving behavior constitutes proper use of seat belts as a driver and as a passenger. The correct use of seat belts has been shown to reduce death and injury following motor vehicle accidents by more than 50%. This study aims at investigating seat belt use and driving habits among Canadians. Method A population-based database from the Canadian Community Health Survey was analyzed. Result About 12% reported that they use seat belts most of the times, rarely or never and 27% of respondents were using cellphone while driving often or sometimes; 8% of respondents admitted to driving after 2 or more alcoholic drinks. Seat belt use in taxi passengers is much lower than in own cars, with 40% not using a seatbelt all of the time when in a taxi. Discussion and conclusions The major risk factors for not wearing seat belt as a passenger include age, education, ethnicity and income.

Analysis of Facial Injuries in Motor Vehicle Accidents According to the Location of the Seat and Seat-Belt Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1949-1951
Author(s):  
Sue Min Kim ◽  
Non Hyeon Ha ◽  
Hyung Min Hahn ◽  
Il Jae Lee ◽  
Myong Chul Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Facial Injuries ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Seat Belt Use

scholarly journals Case fatality rates for COVID-19 are higher than case fatality rates for motor vehicle accidents for individuals over 40 years of age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Puranik ◽  
Michiel J.M. Niesen ◽  
Emily Lindemer ◽  
Patrick Lenehan ◽  
Tudor Cristea-Platon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Relative Case

The death toll of the COVID-19 pandemic has been unprecedented, due to both the high number of SARS-CoV-2 infections and the seriousness of the disease resulting from these infections. Here, we present mortality rates and case fatality rates for COVID-19 over the past year compared with other historic leading causes of death in the United States. Among the risk categories considered, COVID-19 is the third leading cause of death for individuals 40 years old and over, with an overall annual mortality rate of 325 deaths per 100K individuals, behind only cancer (385 deaths per 100K individuals) and heart disease (412 deaths per 100K individuals). In addition, for individuals 40 years old and over, the case fatality rate for COVID-19 is greater than the case fatality rate for motor vehicle accidents. In particular, for the age group 40-49, the relative case fatality rate of COVID-19 is 1.5 fold (95% CI: [1.3, 1.7]) that of a motor vehicle accident, demonstrating that SARS-CoV-2 infection may be significantly more dangerous than a car crash for this age group. For older adults, COVID-19 is even more dangerous, and the relative case fatality rate of COVID-19 is 29.4 fold (95% CI: [23.2, 35.7]) that of a motor vehicle accident for individuals over 80 years old. On the other hand, motor vehicle accidents have a 4.5 fold (95% CI: [3.9, 5.1]) greater relative case fatality rate compared to COVID-19 for the age group of 20-29 years. These results highlight the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic especially for adults above 40 years of age and underscore the need for large-scale preventative measures to mitigate risks for these populations. Given that FDA-authorized COVID-19 vaccines have now been validated by multiple studies for their outstanding real-world effectiveness and safety, vaccination of all individuals who are over 40 years of age is one of the most pressing public health priorities of our time.

Motor Vehicle Accident Trauma and Restraint Usage Patterns in Children Less Than 4 Years of Age

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-386
Author(s):  
Phyllis F. Agran ◽  
Debora E. Dunkle ◽  
Diane G. Winn
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Vehicle Interior ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Safety Seat

In a sample of children less than 4 years of age, treated in an emergency room after a motor vehicle accident, 22% were restrained in a child safety seat (improper and proper), 12% were restrained by a vehicle seat belt, and 70% were unrestrained. Trauma and injury patterns related to the various restraint use patterns are described. Most children in safety seats and seat-belted children, if injured, sustained minor contusions, abrasions, or lacerations. Injury among properly restrained children in safety seats was primarily the result of unavoidable mechanisms (eg, flying glass, intrusion). Improper use contributed to injury among safety-seat-restrained children, primarily by allowing the child to hit against the vehicle interior. Seat-belted children also were injured, primarily by hitting against the vehicle interior. Although some of the restrained children were seriously injured, in general, restrained children tended to sustain less serious and fewer injuries than the unrestrained children.

scholarly journals Traumatic Aortic Injury in a 3-Year-Old Child - A Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljohani M ◽  
◽  
Alanazi S ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Aortic Injury ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Pseudo Aneurysm ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Tomography Scan

This case report describes a case of aortic injury with pseudo-aneurysm in a 3-year-old Saudi boy following a motor vehicle accident. The diagnosis was suspected on computed tomography scan, and emergency surgery was performed. A Dacron graft was inserted to repair the injured aorta. Postoperatively, absent femoral, and distal pulses were noted, and thromboembolectomy was performed with good outcome. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it raises awareness of aortic injury and rupture in pediatric patients with multi-organ trauma following motor vehicle accidents. A high index of suspicion and early intervention are essential in improving outcomes.

On Informing Women of Child Bearing Age about Seat Belt Risk during Pregnancy

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 943-946
Author(s):  
Kenya Freeman ◽  
Michael S. Wogalter
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Seat Belts ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Seat Belt Use ◽  
Serious Injuries

Seat belts have been effective in reducing serious injuries and deaths in vehicular accidents. However, their use by women in the third trimester of pregnancy can cause placental damage and fetal injury or death in relatively minor motor vehicle accidents without severely injuring pregnant women. The lack of seat belt use in similar or more serious accidents could cause severe injuries or death to pregnant women from impacts within the cabin or from ejection, and in turn could lead to fetal injuries or deaths. The present study sought to determine whether women between the ages of 16 and 45 (child bearing age) would like to be informed of these risks. Ninety-nine of the 101 women surveyed indicated they would like to be informed of the risks, and that they would expect to find this information in the vehicle's owners manual. in dealing with the risks, some women indicated that they would wear the seatbelts and others indicated they would not. Most respondents indicated that they would reduce the risks by reducing their use of the vehicle during pregnancy. These results have implications for risk communications.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury Related Hospitalization and Mortality in California

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint Lagbas ◽  
Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi ◽  
Magda Shaheen ◽  
Dulcie Kermah ◽  
Deyu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Vehicle Accidents

Objective. The aim of this study is to describe the traumatic brain injury (TBI) population and causes and identify factors associated with TBI hospitalizations and mortality in California.Methods. This is a cross-sectional study of 61,188 patients with TBI from the California Hospital Discharge Data 2001 to 2009. We used descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses in SAS version 9.3.Results. TBI-related hospitalizations decreased by 14% and mortality increased by 19% from 2001 to 2009. The highest percentages of TBI hospitalizations were due to other causes (38.4%), falls (31.2%), being of age≥75years old (37.2%), being a males (58.9%), and being of Medicare patients (44%). TBIs due to falls were found in those age≤4years old (53.5%),≥75years old (44.0%), and females (37.2%). TBIs due to assaults were more frequent in Blacks (29.0%). TBIs due to motor vehicle accidents were more frequent in 15–19 and 20–24 age groups (48.7% and 48.6%, resp.) and among Hispanics (27.8%). Higher odds of mortality were found among motor vehicle accident category (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14–1.41); males (AOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.27–1.46); and the≥75-year-old group (AOR: 6.4, 95% CI: 4.9–8.4).Conclusions. Our findings suggest a decrease in TBI-related hospitalizations but an increase in TBI-related mortality during the study period. The majority of TBI-related hospitalizations was due to other causes and falls and was more frequent in the older, male, and Medicare populations. The higher likelihood of TBI-related mortalities was found among elderly male≥75years old who had motor vehicle accidents. Our data can inform practitioners, prevention planners, educators, service sectors, and policy makers who aim to reduce the burden of TBI in the community. Implications for interventions are discussed.

Probability Analysis of Motor Vehicle Accidents

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Kimbrough
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Probability Analysis ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Stop Sign ◽  
Oncoming Vehicle ◽  
Probability Methods ◽  
The Right

Probability analysis is the key to extracting the maximum information from the evidence surrounding a motor vehicle accident. Moreover, it gives essential perspective to the answers drawn from the evidence, by conveying the uncertainty about the answers. In this paper, probability methods are used to analyze a typical intersection type collision between two vehicles. It is a situation in which one of the vehicles pulls out from a stop sign into the path of the other vehicle, which had the right of way. The vehicle that pulls out into the path of the oncoming vehicle precipitates the accident, but the driver of the oncoming vehicle may have contributed to the accident by traveling at excessive speed and or by being inattentive.

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