Probability Analysis of Motor Vehicle Accidents

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Kimbrough
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Probability Analysis ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Stop Sign ◽  
Oncoming Vehicle ◽  
Probability Methods ◽  
The Right

Probability analysis is the key to extracting the maximum information from the evidence surrounding a motor vehicle accident. Moreover, it gives essential perspective to the answers drawn from the evidence, by conveying the uncertainty about the answers. In this paper, probability methods are used to analyze a typical intersection type collision between two vehicles. It is a situation in which one of the vehicles pulls out from a stop sign into the path of the other vehicle, which had the right of way. The vehicle that pulls out into the path of the oncoming vehicle precipitates the accident, but the driver of the oncoming vehicle may have contributed to the accident by traveling at excessive speed and or by being inattentive.

scholarly journals Traumatic Aortic Injury in a 3-Year-Old Child - A Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljohani M ◽  
◽  
Alanazi S ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Aortic Injury ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Pseudo Aneurysm ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Tomography Scan

This case report describes a case of aortic injury with pseudo-aneurysm in a 3-year-old Saudi boy following a motor vehicle accident. The diagnosis was suspected on computed tomography scan, and emergency surgery was performed. A Dacron graft was inserted to repair the injured aorta. Postoperatively, absent femoral, and distal pulses were noted, and thromboembolectomy was performed with good outcome. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it raises awareness of aortic injury and rupture in pediatric patients with multi-organ trauma following motor vehicle accidents. A high index of suspicion and early intervention are essential in improving outcomes.

scholarly journals Early Identification of Traumatic Durotomy Associated with Atlantooccipital Dislocation May Prevent Retropharyngeal Pseudomeningocele Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Robert S. Qiu ◽  
Mina G. Safain ◽  
Max Shutran ◽  
Alejandra M. Hernandez ◽  
Steven W. Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
C2 Nerve Root ◽  
Csf Diversion ◽  
The Right ◽  
Atlantooccipital Dislocation ◽  
Mri Image

Atlantooccipital dislocation can be complicated by a traumatic durotomy that may lead to the rare development of a retropharyngeal pseudomeningocele. To our knowledge this has been reported only five times previously. We present the case of a 60-year-old man involved in a motor vehicle accident who suffered an atlantooccipital dislocation and C5-C6 three-column injury. A unique MRI image of a defect in the ventral dura posterior to C2 was appreciated. He underwent occiput to T2 internal fixation and arthrodesis. During surgery, CSF egress was seen caudal to the right C2 nerve root. A DuraMatrix onlay patch reinforced with DuraSeal was placed to stop the CSF leak. A lumbar subarachnoid drain was also placed. The patient made a satisfactory recovery with residual mild weakness of his right upper extremity. In this report, we demonstrate that careful MRI review can reveal a ventral durotomy in a traumatic atlantooccipital dislocation and, if discovered, effective treatment including a lumbar subarachnoid drain for CSF diversion may prevent progression to a retropharyngeal pseudomeningocele. The literature on this rare presentation and associated durotomy is provided.

scholarly journals Posttraumatic Transdiaphragmatic Intercostal Hernia: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasileios Kalles ◽  
Maria Dasiou ◽  
Georgia Doga ◽  
Ioannis Papapanagiotou ◽  
Evangelos A Konstantinou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Thoracic Wall ◽  
Hernia Sac ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Intercostal Hernia ◽  
Area 6 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Transdiaphragmatic Intercostal Hernia

Intercostal hernias are rare, and usually occur following injuries of the thoracic wall. The scope of this report is to present a case of a 53-year-old obese patient that developed a transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia. The patient presented with a palpable, sizeable, reducible mass in the right lateral thoracic wall, with evident bowel sounds in the area, 6 months after a motor-vehicle accident. On computed tomography (CT), the hernia sac contained part of the liver and part of the ascending colon. A surgical repair of the defect was performed, using a prosthetic patch. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful and she remains recurrence free at 12 months after surgery. Intercostal hernias should be suspected following high-impact injuries of the thoracic wall, and CT scans will facilitate the diagnosis of intercostal hernia. We consider the surgical repair of the defect, with placement of a prosthetic mesh, as the treatment of choice to ensure a favorable outcome.

Embolization of the Stent to the Right Heart After a Motor Vehicle Accident

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming C. Hsiung ◽  
Yi Cheng Chang ◽  
Jeng Wei ◽  
Gong-You Lan ◽  
Kuo Chen Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
The Right

Child Restraint Law Effects on Motor Vehicle Accident Fatalities and Injuries: The New Mexico Experience

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084
Author(s):  
C. Mack Sewell ◽  
Harry F. Hull ◽  
John Fenner ◽  
Howard Graff ◽  
Jeffrey Pine
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Nonfatal Injury

The New Mexico State Legislature passed a child restraint law applicable to children less than 5 years of age that became effective in June 1983. To evaluate the effectiveness of this law, we analyzed traffic accident data for New Mexico from January 1981 through September 1984. During this period, there were 20,972 children younger than 5 years of age in motor vehicle accidents. Restraint usage increased for this age group from a low of about 10% in 1981 to more than 40% in 1984 (P < 10-6). Unrestrained children younger than 5 years of age were five times more likely to be killed and two times more likely to be injured than restrained children. Analysis of motor vehicle accident fatality and injury rates pre- and postlaw revealed a 33% reduction in motor vehicle accident fatality rates and a 12.6% reduction in nonfatal injury rates for children younger than 5 years. We conclude that (1) child restraint devices are effective in reducing motor vehicle accident fatalities and injuries in young children and (2) the child restraint law has been effective in increasing child restraint usage and in reducing childhood death and injury in New Mexico.

scholarly journals The Heart as a Site of Metastasis of Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Meddeb ◽  
Robert D. Chow ◽  
Randolph Whipps ◽  
Reyaz Haque
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Filling Defect ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Site

Uterine leiomyomas are the most common gynecological tumors in premenopausal women. While the lung is the most common extrauterine organ afflicted, benign metastasizing leiomyomas (BML) of the heart are rarities. We report an incidental finding of a cardiac mass in a 36-year-old woman who presented to the Emergency Department after a motor vehicle accident. CT scan of the chest revealed 2 well-circumscribed pulmonary nodules and a filling defect in the right ventricle. Echocardiogram showed a 4 cm mass attached to the right ventricular (RV) septum. The cardiac tumor was resected and showed benign histologic features. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for smooth muscle α-actin and desmin, as well as estrogen and progesterone receptors, consistent with the diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma.

Case 1.16

2014 ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
Christine U. Lee ◽  
James F. Glockner
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Image ◽  
Weighted Image ◽  
Hepatic Lobe ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

22-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and polycystic ovarian syndrome; she was involved in a motor vehicle accident, and abdominal CT demonstrated multiple hepatic masses Axial fat-suppressed FSE T2-weighted image (Figure 1.16.1) demonstrates at least 2 hyperintense masses in the periphery of the right hepatic lobe. Diffusion-weighted image (b=600 s/mm...

Isolated Chyle Duct Injury in Blunt Trauma

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
Sharmila Dissanaike ◽  
John A. Griswold ◽  
Ari Halldorsson ◽  
Eldo E. Frezza
Keyword(s):  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Chyle Leak ◽  
Cisterna Chyli ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Isolated Injury ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gallbladder Fossa

We present a case of a patient sustaining an isolated injury to the right main branch of the cysterna chyli due to a high-speed motor vehicle accident. A 42-year-old man presented after a high-speed collision. CT revealed a collection of hypodense fluid in the gallbladder fossa, which was the clue to take him to the OR. We proceeded to laparoscopic exploration, and based on the milky white color of the fluid, identified a chyle leak. In an open fashion, the retroperitoneum was explored and the injury was identified as disruption of the right lumbar branch entering the cisterna chyli, and this was ligated with silk ties. Chyle duct injury secondary to blunt trauma is a rare finding. The use of CT imaging can identify this injury. Laparoscopy can confirm the injury. Open ligation of the injured duct is the best treatment.

scholarly journals Bystander Experiences at and after a Motor Vehicle Accident: A review of the literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hall ◽  
Karen Wooton ◽  
Alison Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Car Crash ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Health Policy Decision

Introduction To explore what was known about the experiences of bystanders both at the scene, and following a motor vehicle accident (MVA). Understanding these experiences will further elucidate the knowledge underpinning bystander’s action and their needs at the scene and in the hours, days, weeks and months following this event. Methods A search of Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MedLine (OVID) and Informit was undertaken using a combination of the keywords: bystander, first aid, motor vehicle accidents, car crash, car collision, lay people and witness. Thirteen articles met the selection criteria and were included in the analysis. The World Wide Web (web) was subsequently searched in response to a gap in current research on bystanders’ experiences at and following a MVA. Systematic thematic coding was used in the extraction of patterns regarding bystander experiences during and after witnessing a MVA. Results In the exploration of bystanders’ experiences during and after attending a MVA this review confirmed the presence of physical, emotional, cognitive and situational factors associated with bystander responses. Bystanders demonstrated that their response behaviours were determined by the nature of the emergency and the severity of perceived injury. In addition, bystanders weighed up the costs of helping and many felt morally responsible to offer assistance. Although there were no studies of long-term negative consequences exemplars from the web provided insight into ongoing psychological affects for bystanders. Conclusion This thematic literature analysis demonstrated the need for further research into the experiences of bystanders both during and following an MVA. Understanding bystander assistance in emergencies will allow health policy decision-makers to address the needs of both potential bystanders and those of actual bystanders during and post event.

scholarly journals Humeral Head Fracture with Intrathoracic Migration

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
Caggiari Gianfilippo ◽  
Mosele Giulia Raffaella ◽  
Puddu Leonardo ◽  
Spiga Mauro ◽  
Doria Carlo
Keyword(s):  
Humeral Head ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Symphysis Pubis ◽  
Fracture Dislocation ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Right

Fracture-dislocation of the humeral head with intrathoracic migration is extremely rare. In our study we describe the case of a 23-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency clinic of our hospital, after being injured in a high-speed motor vehicle accident. The patient presented in a state of hemorrhagic shock and severe respiratory disease. Chest radiography showed fracture of the right humeral head and the presence of a round radio-density area resting on the diaphragm right hemithorax. The total body computed tomography scan revealed a right pneumothorax related to the presence in the chest cavity of the fractured humeral head, longitudinal fracture of the sacrum, and diastasis of the symphysis pubis. After an initial hemodynamic stabilization the patient underwent surgical excision of the humeral head and its replanting. It is important after airway management and the use of diagnostic imaging, the treatment of any injuries associated with the trauma.

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